炭素专利

正公开号:CN110207867A公开日:2019-09-06申请人:复旦大学发明人:钟高余,李书慧,王虞焱,等发明名称:一种石墨烯压力传感器及其结构和制备方法本发明属于传感器技术领域,具体为一种石墨烯压力传感器及其制备方法。本发明的石墨烯压力传感器由叉指电极层、镶嵌石墨烯弹性衬底层、柔性封装层组成;镶嵌石墨烯弹性衬底层包含石墨烯压力感应层、弹性粘附层、柔性薄膜层;石墨烯压力感应层镶嵌在弹性黏附层上,弹性粘附层直接贴     

石墨烯携载无机纳米粒子的制备及拉曼性能研究

通过原位复合的方法,在石墨烯片层间掺杂纳米银颗粒,制备出石墨烯/银纳米杂化材料(RGO/Ag)。利用紫外吸收光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、XRD、拉曼光谱等对氧化石墨烯(GO)、还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)和石墨烯/银纳米杂化材料(RGO/Ag)进行表征。发现复合材料中的银对石墨烯/银材料有拉曼增强作用,结合TEM对这种增强作用进行研究,发现银颗粒的团聚对这种增强作用有减弱作用。     

石墨烯携载无机纳米粒子的制备及拉曼性能研究

通过原位复合的方法,在石墨烯片层间掺杂纳米银颗粒,制备出石墨烯/银纳米杂化材料(RGO/Ag)。利用紫外吸收光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、XRD、拉曼光谱等对氧化石墨烯(GO)、还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)和石墨烯/银纳米杂化材料(RGO/Ag)进行表征。发现复合材料中的银对石墨烯/银材料有拉曼增强作用,结合TEM对这种增强作用进行研究,发现银颗粒的团聚对这种增强作用有减弱作用。     

石墨烯基柔性可穿戴传感器：制备、应用与展望

近年来,柔性可穿戴传感器因其在健康监测、远程医疗和人机交互领域的潜在应用而受到广泛关注。石墨烯因其导电性好、柔性佳、质轻、热稳定性高等优点,而成为制备柔性可穿戴传感器的理想候选材料。人们致力于设计构筑具有合理结构的石墨烯材料,以用于下一代柔性电子产品。围绕柔性可穿戴传感器应用,综述了石墨烯材料的制备方法和石墨烯基柔性传感器件研究的最新进展。首先介绍了不同宏观形态的石墨烯材料的制备方法;然后综述和讨论了石墨烯基柔性传感器的构筑策略、工作机制、性能和应用,包括应变传感器、压力传感器、温度传感器、湿度传感器、其他模式传感器,以及柔性多模式传感器。石墨烯基柔性传感器表现出优异的灵敏度和稳定性,使其在体温监测、语音识别、脉搏、运动和呼吸检测方面展示了潜力。最后,讨论了石墨烯基柔性传感器的未来发展趋势以及存在的挑战。     

一步法制备AgNPs@石墨烯及其在柔性应力传感器方面的应用

以天然鳞片石墨、硝酸银、柠檬酸钠、N-甲基吡咯烷酮为原料,采用一步法制备了银纳米粒子(AgNPs)@石墨烯复合材料.随后在复合材料表面涂覆热塑性聚氨酯,得到了AgNPs@石墨烯柔性应力传感器.采用XRD、TEM、SEM对AgNPs@石墨烯复合材料(AgNO3与天然鳞片石墨质量比1:1)进行了表征,通过拉伸测试仪和数据采集仪对柔性应力传感器的灵敏性和机械性能进行了测定.结果表明,由AgNO3与天然鳞片石墨质量比1:1制备的柔性应力传感器灵敏度可达299,远高于纯石墨烯柔性应力传感器的灵敏度(14);同时具有良好的阻尼振动响应和循环稳定性,在1000次拉伸循环后性能依旧稳定;能有效地识别拉伸应变和压缩应变,可实时跟踪监测人体表面肌肉运动.     

石墨烯在聚合物改性中的应用进展

单个片层石墨烯具有独特的二维结构和突出的优异性能,具有巨大的应用潜力。将石墨烯引入聚合物基体制备纳米复合材料可显著提高材料的综合性能,这种新型纳米材料已成为研究的热点。文章概述了石墨烯在聚合物改性的最新应用进展,介绍了原位聚合法、熔融共混法和溶液共混法制备石墨烯复合材料的研究现状。     

高性能的石墨烯储能纤维

正当前,石墨烯纤维材料作为制备柔性电子器件的一种优选材料得到广大科研人员的关注,在柔性储能器件和智能传感器件等领域有着巨大的应用潜力。但由于石墨烯片层严重堆叠及自身天然的疏水性带来的比表面积小、与电解液亲和性不佳等缺点,极大地限制了石墨烯优异的理论电化学性能在宏观材料中的发挥。为此,东华大学的朱美芳教授团队在前期的研究工作中开发了一种石墨烯溶液的非液晶纺丝方法,通过碱液调整了溶液中石墨烯片层表面的带电性,片层     

石墨烯/硅橡胶导电复合材料的制备及性能研究

以甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(MVQ)为主体材料、石墨烯为导电填料,制备石墨烯/MVQ导电复合材料,研究石墨烯品种和用量对复合材料物理性能和导电性能的影响。结果表明:石墨烯LKR6963的剥离程度较高、片层较薄、缺陷较少,易在硅橡胶基体中形成导电网络,提高复合材料的导电性能;随着石墨烯LKR6963用量的增大,复合材料的硬度和拉伸强度明显增大,体积电阻率逐渐减小。     

石墨烯/聚氯乙烯/聚氨酯层状结构材料的制备及其声学特性研究

本论文将石墨烯(Graphene)加入到聚氯乙烯(PVC)基体中制备得到了石墨烯/聚氯乙烯纳米复合材料,发现石墨烯的加入可改善复合材料的力学性能和声学性能。同时还研究了聚氨酯(PU)材料的吸声性能,并以层合热压法制备石墨烯/聚氯乙烯/聚氨酯多层材料,结果表明,隔声层材料与吸声层材料的物理结合和多层材料结构中对声波的反射、吸收损耗作用有效的改善了复合材料的声学性能。     

石墨烯气凝胶/MnO2复合材料强化电容去离子性能研究

选用石墨烯气凝胶(GA)作为载体,负载MnO2纳米颗粒,构建新型石墨烯气凝胶-MnO2复合材料(MnGA),并制备电容电极,研究复合材料的电容去离子性能。结果表明,MnO2在石墨烯片层上可形成一维线状结构,减弱石墨烯片层间的堆叠效应,提升材料电容,从而提高了电极的脱盐性能,最大电容脱盐量达到25.78 mg/g;NaCl溶液的初始浓度、供电电压和进水流速均会对电容脱盐量产生影响。     

A High–Performance Flexible Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Features an Integrated Design of Conductive Fabric Electrode and Polyurethane Sponge

Due to its porous structure and good elasticity, conductive polyurethane (PU) sponge is used as the main substrate of the flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor. The effective combination of conductive PU sponge and electrode material is the foundation for the pressure sensor, but it needs to be bonded by expensive conductive silver paste or copper paste. In addition, the common electrode materials weaken the flexibility of the PU sponge pressure sensors because of their rigidity. Herein, PU sponge and polyester (PET) fabric are first bonded to produce (PET-PU) composite, which is then impregnated with graphene oxide (GO). The obtained reduced graphene oxide(rGO)@PET fabric and rGO@PU are used as electrode and piezoresistive material, respectively. Then rGO@(PET-PU) composite is assembled into a pressure sensor only by using wire connections in the rGO@PET fabric. Benefiting from excellent piezoresistive behavior, rGO@(PET-TPU) pressure sensor displays high sensitivity (0.255 kPa⁻¹ at below 2.6 kPa), wide detection limit (≈0–85.0%), and long durability (over 1800 cycles). Besides, the pressure sensor demonstrates good performance in monitoring human activities, including finger bending, clicking keyboard, breathing, elbow bending, and walking posture, thus providing a promising material for human activity monitoring.     

Electrostatic self-assembly of graphene–silver multilayer films and their transmittance and electronic conductivity

By alternating deposition of graphene oxide (GO) sheets and silver nitrate by means of an electrostatic self-assembly method, a GO–Ag⁺ film was prepared. After thermal annealing, a graphene–silver nanoparticle (GE–Ag) multilayer film, with high transparency and electrically conductivity, was obtained. The transmittance of a film with four assembly cycles was 86.3%, at a wavelength of 550 nm, better than that of a pure GE film (73.8%). While the surface resistance was 97 kΩ □^?1, much lower than that of a pure GE film (430 kΩ □^?1). The Ag nanoparticles play a crucial role in improving the properties of the GE–Ag film, acting as conductive paths and light-trapping nanoparticles, which not only reduces the reflection of the film, but also prevents the GE sheets from aggregation and provides conductive paths between sheets, improving the electrical conductivity.     

石墨烯/聚合物泡沫压阻式应变传感器研究进展

基于石墨烯和聚合物的三维多孔结构的导电聚合物基复合材料（CPCs）具有轻量化、高灵敏度、宽应变检测范围、低成本和可扩展性等优点，已成为可穿戴柔性应变传感器的理想选择。首先，总结了柔性压阻式泡沫应变传感器的裂纹扩展机制、重叠-断开机制和隧穿效应机制；其次，介绍了3种具有多孔结构的石墨烯/聚合物柔性应变传感器的构筑工艺，包括基于聚合物泡沫、基于石墨烯/聚合物混合分散液、基于石墨烯泡沫的方法；然后，综述了通过上述3种工艺制备的柔性多孔应变传感器的传感性能，并列举了其在人体运动监测领域中的应用实例；最后，对基于石墨烯和聚合物的柔性多孔应变传感器面临的挑战和发展前景进行了展望。     

Facile synthesis of flexible and free-standing cotton covered by graphene/MoO2 for lithium-ions batteries

It is necessary to build flexible and free-standing materials for flexible/wearable electronics in high-performance lithium-ions batteries. Herein, we design and fabricate a flexible and free-standing 3 D carbon/MoO₂ composite through a facile immersing method followed by an annealing process. The carbon framework is supported by non-woven cotton totally covered by graphene sheets. The nanosized MoO₂ particles were uniformly anchored on cotton fibers and graphene sheets. The structure has several advantages, such as an interconnected 3D electronically conductive network, plenty of channels for electrolyte solution cross, and more active points for the electrode reaction. Compared with cotton/MoO₂ (C/MoO₂) without graphene sheets, the CGN/MoO₂ composite (cotton covered by graphene/MoO₂) showed much better thermal stability and excellent cycling performance. The proposed synthesis process paves a new way as promising electrode materials for high power battery applications such as roll-up displays and wearable devices.     

Two dimensional soft material: new faces of graphene oxide

Graphite oxide sheets, now called graphene oxide (GO), can be made from chemical exfoliation of graphite by reactions that have been known for 150 years. Because GO is a promising solution-processable precursor for the bulk production of graphene, interest in this old material has resurged. The reactions to produce GO add oxygenated functional groups to the graphene sheets on their basal plane and edges, and this derivatization breaks the π-conjugated network, resulting in electrically insulating but highly water-dispersible sheets. Apart from making graphene, GO itself has many intriguing properties. Like graphene, GO is a two-dimensional (2D) sheet with feature sizes at two abruptly different length scales. The apparent thickness of the functionalized carbon sheet is approximately 1 nm, but the lateral dimensions can range from a few nanometers to hundreds of micrometers. Therefore, researchers can think of GO as either a single molecule or a particle, depending on which length scale is of greater interest. At the same time, GO can be viewed as an unconventional soft material, such as a 2D polymer, highly anisotropic colloid, membrane, liquid crystal, or amphiphile. In this Account, we highlight the soft material characteristics of GO. GO consists of nanographitic patches surrounded by largely disordered, oxygenated domains. Such structural characteristics effectively make GO a 2D amphiphile with a hydrophilic periphery and largely hydrophobic center. This insight has led to better understanding of the solution properties of GO for making thin films and new applications of GO as a surfactant. Changes in pH and sheet size can tune the amphiphilicity of GO, leading to intriguing interfacial activities. In addition, new all-carbon composites made of only graphitic nanostructures using GO as a dispersing agent have potential applications in photovoltaics and energy storage. On the other hand, GO can function as a 2D random diblock copolymer, one block graphitic and the other heavily hydroxylated. Therefore, GO can guide material assembly through π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding. Additionally, the selective etching of the more reactive sp(3) blocks produces a porous GO network, which greatly enhances interactions with gas molecules in chemical sensors. With their high aspect ratio, GO colloids can readily align to form liquid crystalline phases at high concentration. As single-atomic, water-dispersible, soft carbon sheets that can be easily converted to a conductive form, this 2D material should continue to inspire many curiosity-driven discoveries and applications at the interfaces of chemistry, materials science, and other disciplines.     

Silver nanoparticles decorated polypyrrole/graphene nanocomposite: A potential candidate for next‐generation supercapacitor electrode material

In the present study, we report a simple method to synthesize silver (Ag)‐polypyrrole (PPy)/graphene (Gr) nanocomposite as efficient electrode materials for supercapacitor application. The probable interaction between Ag nanoparticles with both PPy and Gr were characterized by FTIR, UV–visible, and Raman spectroscopies. The morphological analysis confirmed that the Gr sheets are uniformly coated by PPy and in the coated Gr sheets there is the presence of Ag nanoparticles. The Ag‐PPy/Gr nanocomposite achieved the highest specific capacitance of 472 F/g at a 0.5 A/g current density. Better energy and power density also obtained for the nanocomposite. The presence of both Ag nanoparticles and Gr is the main reason for the enhancement of the electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite. Based on the superior electrochemical properties, the nanocomposite can be used for next‐generation supercapacitor electrode material. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44724.     

二维导电材料/柔性聚合物复合材料基可穿戴压阻式应变传感器的研究进展

可穿戴应变传感器在人体运动检测、健康监测、可穿戴电子设备和柔性电子皮肤等新兴领域具有极大的应用前景。近年来,由二维（2D）导电材料和柔性聚合物基体组成的可穿戴压阻式应变传感器具有较高的灵敏度、良好的拉伸性和柔韧性、优异的耐久性、可调的应变传感性和易加工等特点,受到广泛关注。基于此,本文对基于2D导电材料/柔性聚合物复合材料（2D-CPC）的可穿戴压阻式应变传感器的类型、传感机理、性能指标、影响因素及应用等进行了综述,并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

Electrically conductive aluminosilicate/graphene nanocomposite

Highly electrically conductive ceramic material based on aluminosilicate/graphene nanocomposite has been prepared by high pressure (400 MPa) compaction of montmorillonite intercalated with polyaniline followed with the high temperature (1400 °C) treatment in argon atmosphere. Tablets pressed from polyaniline/montmorillonite intercalate exhibits strong texture due to the disk-shaped montmorillonite particles and, consequently, the high anisotropy in conductivity. The high temperature induced phase transformation of montmorillonite into cristobalite and mullite preserved the aluminosilicate layered structure and created good conditions for formation of graphene sheets from polyaniline layers intercalated in montmorillonite. Therefore, the texture and anisotropy in conductivity remain preserved in resulting aluminosilicate/graphene tablets, while the in-plane conductivity in aluminosilicate/graphene tablets is 23,000× higher than the conductivity of uncalcined polyaniline/montmorillonite tablets. Simple fabrication method of aluminosilicate/graphene tablets is very promising for the manufacturing of the electrically conductive and tough ceramic material, which can be exposed to corrosive environment as well as to high temperatures.     

柔性可降解压力传感器关键制备材料的研究进展

目前，大多数柔性压力传感器采用不可降解材料制备，导致在使用完成后无法处理，堆积过多成为电子垃圾，给环境带来很大压力。随着科学技术的发展，可降解材料的出现为柔性压力传感器的变革提供了巨大的机会。基于可降解材料制备的柔性压力传感器由于在个人健康管理、医疗监控、环境监测等领域发挥着重要作用，且在减少电子垃圾，缓解环境问题方面具有巨大潜力，已成为当今的研究热点。基于此，本文从柔性可降解压力传感器的关键制备材料出发，将柔性可降解压力传感器分为基于可降解聚合物基底的柔性压力传感器、基于可降解导电材料的柔性压力传感器以及基于聚合基底和导电材料双降解的柔性压力传感器，并对三类柔性可降解压力传感器的国内外研究进展进行了综述。首先，简单介绍了柔性可降解压力传感器关键制备材料的种类及传感器的制备过程；其次，对每种类型传感器的优缺点及应用领域进行了总结；最后，指出了柔性可降解压力传感器目前存在的问题及今后的发展趋势，以期为柔性可降解压力传感器的开发和应用提供参考。     

Controlled Synthesis of Monolayer Graphene Toward Transparent Flexible Conductive Film Application

We demonstrate the synthesis of monolayer graphene using thermal chemical vapor deposition and successive transfer onto arbitrary substrates toward transparent flexible conductive film application. We used electron-beam-deposited Ni thin film as a synthetic catalyst and introduced a gas mixture consisting of methane and hydrogen. To optimize the synthesis condition, we investigated the effects of synthetic temperature and cooling rate in the ranges of 850–1,000°C and 2–8°C/min, respectively. It was found that a cooling rate of 4°C/min after 1,000°C synthesis is the most effective condition for monolayer graphene production. We also successfully transferred as-synthesized graphene films to arbitrary substrates such as silicon-dioxide-coated wafers, glass, and polyethylene terephthalate sheets to develop transparent, flexible, and conductive film application.