Morphological feature extraction and KNG-CNN classification of CT images for early lung cancer detection

Lung cancer is a dangerous disease causing death to individuals. Currently precise classification and differential diagnosis of lung cancer is essential with the stability and accuracy of cancer identification is challenging. Classification scheme was developed for lung cancer in CT images by Kernel based Non-Gaussian Convolutional Neural Network (KNG-CNN). KNG-CNN comprises of three convolutional, two fully connected and three pooling layers. Kernel based Non-Gaussian computation is used for the diagnosis of false positive or error encountered in the work. Initially Lung Image Database Consortium image collection (LIDC-IDRI) dataset is used for input images and a ROI based segmentation using efficient CLAHE technique is carried as preprocessing steps, enhancing images for better feature extraction. Morphological features are extracted after the segmentation process. Finally, KNG-CNN method is used for effectual classification of tumour > 30mm. An accuracy of 87.3% was obtained using this technique. This method is effectual for classifying the lung cancer from the CT scanned image.     

基于深度学习的图像分类算法框架研究

目的 提高图像分类精度是实现自动化生产的基础,提出一种更加准确的图像分类方法,使自动化包装和生产更加高效.方法 基于ResNeSt特征图组的思想,通过引入通道域和空间域注意力机制,并将自适应卷积核思想和Gem池化引入空间域注意力模块,从而使网络在空间域注意力机制中能够对不同图片使用不同的感受野使其关注更重要的部分,提出一种具有通道域和空间域注意力机制,且具有很好移植性的图像分类网络模型结构.结果 文中方法提高了图像分类准确度,在ImageNet数据集上,top-1准确度为81.39％.结论 文中提出的ResNeSkt算法框架优于目前的主流图像分类方法,同时网络整体结构具有很好的移植性,可以作为图像检测、语义分割等其他图像研究领域的主干网络.     

Integrating Feature Direction Information with a Level Set Formulation for Image Segmentation

A feature-dependent variational level set formulation is proposed for image segmentation. Two second order directional derivatives act as the external constraint in the level set evolution, with the directional derivative across the image features direction playing a key role in contour extraction and another only slightly contributes. To overcome the local gradient limit, we integrate the information from the maximal (in magnitude) second-order directional derivative into a common variational framework. It naturally encourages the level set function to deform (up or down) in opposite directions on either side of the image edges, and thus automatically generates object contours. An additional benefit of this proposed model is that it does not require manual initial contours, and our method can capture weak objects in noisy or intensity-inhomogeneous images. Experiments on infrared and medical images demonstrate its advantages.     

cDNA microarray image segmentation using root signals

A vector processing based framework suitable for cDNA microarray image segmentation is introduced and analyzed in this paper. By using nonlinear, generalized selection vector filters the framework proposed here classifies the cDNA image data as either microarray spots or image background. The solution converges to a root signal that represents the segmented cDNA microarray image with the regular spots ideally separated from the background and with their coloration uniquely described by dominant color vectors. It will be demonstrated that the framework readily unifies image denoising, enhancement, data normalization, irregular spot rejection, and spot segmentation in one processing step delivering excellent performance at reasonable computational cost. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 16, 51–64, 2006     

Automatic Segmentation of Liver from Abdominal Computed Tomography Images Using Energy Feature

Liver Segmentation is one of the challenging tasks in detecting and classifying liver tumors from Computed Tomography (CT) images. The segmentation of hepatic organ is more intricate task, owing to the fact that it possesses a sizeable quantum of vascularization. This paper proposes an algorithm for automatic seed point selection using energy feature for use in level set algorithm for segmentation of liver region in CT scans. The effectiveness of the method can be determined when used in a model to classify the liver CT images as tumorous or not. This involves segmentation of the region of interest (ROI) from the segmented liver, extraction of the shape and texture features from the segmented ROI and classification of the ROIs as tumorous or not by using a classifier based on the extracted features. In this work, the proposed seed point selection technique has been used in level set algorithm for segmentation of liver region in CT scans and the ROIs have been extracted using Fuzzy C Means clustering (FCM) which is one of the algorithms to segment the images. The dataset used in this method has been collected from various repositories and scan centers. The outcome of this proposed segmentation model has reduced the area overlap error that could offer the intended accuracy and consistency. It gives better results when compared with other existing algorithms. Fast execution in short span of time is another advantage of this method which in turns helps the radiologist to ascertain the abnormalities instantly.     

基于函数变换的水下图像目标分割和特征提取

针对海水信道的特殊性以及成像环境的复杂性,对视觉系统的图像处理和特征提取带来的影响,提出了一种基于模糊变换的图像分割和基于函数变换的特征提取方法,以克服水下不确定因素给目标识别带来的困难,并对其进行了仿真试验.试验结果表明,此方法在对深海烟囱图像的分割和特征提取上能够取得好的效果,可有效地克服水下图像灰度分布不均匀和环境不确定因素的干扰,实现了难于分类判别的深海热液喷口目标的区分.     

偏微分方程在生物医学图像分析中的应用

基于偏微分方程的图像处理技术是最近十多年在图像处理与分析领域得到快速发展的一类新的图像处理技术。该类技术一定程度上克服了经典的图像处理技术难以处理的某些困难问题,因此成为图像处理领域的一个研究热点,并在生物医学图像的分析中得到广泛的应用。本文拟通过对该类技术在生物医学图像分析中的应用的介绍,对基于偏微分方程的图像处理技术的主要发展过程、研究现状、技术特点、应用等诸方面做一个简单综述。     

High-speed MRF-based segmentation algorithm using pixonal images

Abstract

Segmentation is one of the most complicated procedures in the image processing that has important role in the image analysis. In this paper, an improved pixon-based method for image segmentation is proposed. In proposed algorithm, complex partial differential equations (PDEs) is used as a kernel function to make pixonal image. Using this kernel function causes noise on images to reduce and an image not to be over-segment when the pixon-based method is used. Utilising the PDE-based method leads to elimination of some unnecessary details and results in a fewer pixon number, faster performance and more robustness against unwanted environmental noises. As the next step, the appropriate pixons are extracted and eventually, we segment the image with the use of a Markov random field. The experimental results indicate that the proposed pixon-based approach has a reduced computational load and a better accuracy compared to the other existing pixon-image segmentation techniques. To evaluate the proposed algorithm and compare it with the last best algorithms, many experiments on standard images were performed. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm is faster than other methods, with the most segmentation accuracy.     

基于机器视觉的二维图像质量缺陷检测研究进展

目的 机器视觉图像处理技术是近年在图像处理领域发展起来的一门新兴边缘交叉学科，二维图像的质量检测是印刷行业中必不可少的环节，分析基于机器视觉的二维图像质量缺陷检测流程，探索影响基于机器视觉的二维图像质量缺陷检测精度的相关因素，为后续研究印刷品的二维图像自动化检测和质量控制提供参考。方法 在此基础上，围绕图像预处理中的灰度转换、噪声过滤、固定阈值分割、自适应阈值分割、Otsu法及边缘检测，对图像配准中的基于灰度统计信息分布配准方法、基于特征的图像配准方法进行总结，然后归纳分析图像的缺陷提取和分类。结论 以实际例子对上述研究内容进行了提炼，通过图像预处理中的噪声过滤为后续缺陷提取提供清晰图像，减少伪影干扰；通过图像预处理中的灰度变换、阈值分割、感兴趣区域提取减少系统处理时间，为实现高效的缺陷检测奠定了坚实的基础；通过图像配准消除了机械振动引起的图像位置偏移，确保后续缺陷提取的准确性；通过图像缺陷提取和分类帮助印刷企业找出生产问题，提供有针对性的改进措施，可为生产高质量产品提供支持。     

遗传算法在易拉罐罐盖喷码系统中的应用

目的为实现饮料易拉罐拉环背部激光打码的自动化,提出一种基于遗传算法的易拉罐罐盖图像识别新方法。方法首先搭建一套易拉罐盖激光自动打码机,基于所搭建的实验系统,利用CCD相机实时采集罐盖图像。对所采集到的图像进行中值滤波和灰度增强处理,在此基础上,研究基于遗传算法的罐盖图像阈值分割新方法,分析、确定算法的关键参数(个体数目、交叉率、变异率等),由此得到罐盖的二值化图像,并对算法处理结果进行误差分析。结果遗传算法经过约15代的迭代计算,能够收敛,获取到最优的图像阈值,整个算法的运行时间约30 ms,最终的图像精度约为7.9 pixel。结论基于遗传算法的图像阈值分割实时性好,分割后的图像精度高,与传统的Ostu阈值分割法相比,得到的信息更加丰厚,能抑制光线不均所造成的图像干扰。同时对遗传算法阈值分割后的图像进行了sobel边缘检测,得到了清晰的罐盖边缘,为激光打码的准确定位奠定了基础。     

Contourlet变换和遗传算法相结合的沥青红外图像增强方法

沥青施工过程中,采集的红外图像容易受到周围环境噪声的影响,使图像变得模糊、信噪比低,从而导致后续图像处理分析的准确度降低。针对该噪声特性,提出了一种Contourlet变换和遗传算法相结合的红外图像增强方法。首先对原始红外图像进行Contourlet变换,得到带有多尺度、多方向信息的带通子带,然后对其进行模糊增强,并通过自适应遗传算法优化模糊增强参数,最后对增强后的带通子带进行Contourlet逆变换,得到效果增强的红外图像。实验结果表明,与其它几种常用的红外图像增强方法相比,此方法能更有效地抑制噪声,提高清晰度,取得了较好的增强效果。     

Fuzzy relevance vector machine based classification of lung nodules in computed tomography images

Lung cancer is a critical disease with growing death rate, hence, the faster identification and treatment of lung cancer is essential. In medical image processing, the traditional methods like support vector machine, relevance vector machine for classifying cancer tissues are less sensitive to false data and required optimal improvement in classification accuracy. The proposed system of accurate lung cancer classification is obtained by a hybrid fuzzy relevance vector machine (FRVM) classifier with correlation negation ant colony optimization (CNACO) algorithm. This system provides enhanced accuracy and sensitivity by implementing two stages of feature extraction, image thresholding, and tumor segmentation, with a novel feature selection and tumor classification algorithm. The best features are selected by the proposed CNACO algorithm. The selected features are labeled and classified by FRVM classifier. The proposed classification scheme is validated on lung image database consortium and image database resource initiative public database and obtained accuracy of about 98.75%.     

An efficient and automatic glioblastoma brain tumor detection using shift‐invariant shearlet transform and neural networks

The detection and segmentation of tumor region in brain image is a critical task due to the similarity between abnormal and normal region. In this article, a computer‐aided automatic detection and segmentation of brain tumor is proposed. The proposed system consists of enhancement, transformation, feature extraction, and classification. The shift‐invariant shearlet transform (SIST) is used to enhance the brain image. Further, nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) is used as multiresolution transform which transforms the spatial domain enhanced image into multiresolution image. The texture features from grey level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM), Gabor, and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) are extracted with the approximate subband of the NSCT transformed image. These extracted features are trained and classified into either normal or glioblastoma brain image using feed forward back propagation neural networks. Further, K‐means clustering algorithm is used to segment the tumor region in classified glioblastoma brain image. The proposed method achieves 89.7% of sensitivity, 99.9% of specificity, and 99.8% of accuracy.     

微小孔尺寸形状的脱模与图像测量

将脱模方法与显微图像处理结合,实现了微小孔内部轮廓的尺寸形状测量.首先采用具有超弹性的乙烯基聚硅氧烷作为制模材料,通过脱模方法将微小孔内部轮廓复制为模型的外部轮廓.然后在显微镜上采集模型的放大图像,利用图像分割、边缘提取、直线检测等图像处理手段,测量出微小孔内部直径随深度的变化曲线.开发出用于测量微小孔尺寸形状的应用软件,利用该软件对脱模法的复制精度进行校验.对于孔口直径在145～155μm的微孔,所制模型在孔口处直径与原始孔口直径的平均绝对值误差为0.9μm.通过脱模方法制作三维型腔模型,得到脱模模型形貌与原始形貌的平均绝对值误差为0.37μm,均方根误差为0.51μm.所提方法融合微米量级的脱模精度和像素级的图像测量精度,可用于微小孔孔径、内部轮廓形状等的测量.     

利用空间填充曲线和灰度分布估计的声图分割

针对声图中的目标分割问题,提出了一种利用空间填充曲线和灰度分布估计的声图目标分割方法。该方法首先利用空间填充曲线将声图由二维矩阵变换为一维向量;其次在一维空间下进行滤波、灰度分布估计、阈值计算、分割处理;最后将分割后的一维向量逆变换为二维矩阵,得到目标分割结果。实际的声图处理验证了方法的有效性。     

基于机器视觉的玻璃瓶口缺陷检测方法

目的为提高玻璃瓶口缺陷检测精度,确保生产线包装效率。方法基于机器视觉设计一种瓶口缺陷检测方法,并简要介绍检测系统的整体框架。分别论述基于最大熵值法的图像分割方法、瓶口定位方法以及图像特征提取方法,其中图像特征主要包括周长、圆形度、相对圆心距离。利用BP神经网络实现瓶口缺陷的准确识别,将瓶口破损程度转换为具体数值,最后进行实验验证。结果文中检测方法对破损瓶口的检测成功率为99%,对于不同的破损类型均有较高的检测准确度。结论基于机器视觉的玻璃瓶口缺陷检测方法能够满足生产线对准确性和实时性的要求。     

Deep learning and optimization algorithms for automatic breast cancer detection

Breast cancer is caused by the abnormal and rapid growth of breast cells. An early diagnosis can ensure an easier and effective treatment. A mass in the breast is a significant early sign of breast cancer, even though differentiating the cancerous mass's tissue from normal tissue for diagnosis is a difficult task for radiologists. The development of computer-aided detection systems in recent years has led to nondestructive and efficient cancer diagnostic techniques. This paper proposes a comprehensive method to locate the cancerous region in the mammogram image. This method employs image noise reduction, optimal image segmentation based on the convolutional neural network, a grasshopper optimization algorithm, and optimized feature extraction and feature selection based on the grasshopper optimization algorithm, thereby improving precision and decreasing the computational cost. This method was applied to the Mammographic Image Analysis Society Digital Mammogram Database and Digital Database for Screening Mammography breast cancer databases and the simulation results were compared with 10 different state-of-the-art methods to analyze the proposed system's efficiency. Final results showed that the proposed method had 96% Sensitivity, 93% Specificity, 85% PPV, 97% NPV, 92% accuracy, and better efficiency than other traditional methods in terms of Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV, and Accuracy.     

基于不同空间结构Hadamard融合的图像边缘提取算法

目的针对图像边缘提取算法中噪声对边缘的影响,易导致边缘定位精度不高,出现虚假边缘与漏检等不足,设计一种不同空间结构Hadamard融合的图像边缘提取方案。方法首先,通过计算像素与相邻点之间的方差来分析像素的结构,得到边缘点的最大概率分布矩阵(MPDM),利用MPDM来表示候选边缘集。其次,通过分析邻域点之间的亮度,计算像素与其4个相邻像素之间的最大和最小差值,得到相应的差异矩阵,并引入Logistic回归分析对2种矩阵归一化处理,得到一个权重矩阵(WM)。然后,通过Hadamard乘积模型将MPDM与WM进行融合,从而设计边缘分割阈值函数。最后,通过比较WM和分割阈值,去掉非边缘点,检测出真实图像边缘。结果实验表明,与当前边缘提取方法对比,文中方法能够有效抑制噪声,得到的边缘清晰、完整,边缘细化度与平滑度良好,在客观评价FOM与ROC中具有更大的优势。结论所提算法具有良好的边缘提取精度,在图像处理与包装条码领域具有良好的应用价值。     

A new method using feature extraction for identifying paddy rice species for quality seed selection

The purpose of this work was to explore a new feature extraction method for classifying paddy seeds using a feature extraction algorithm to achieve the area ratio, horizontal–slant and front–rear angles and find whether the proposed features have high discriminating power. Another objective was to find the smallest feature set that can ensure highly accurate recognition of seeds. A total of a 100 image features were extracted, and features having significant discriminating power were identified based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA). From the 100 features, 14 features were found to have high discriminating power and from these features, six were selected as the proposed features. Experimental results show that the proposed features and removal of redundant features enhanced the discriminating power of the feature set, and that the proposed features have an excellent discriminating property for seeds. The presented features resulted in the highest classification accuracy (98.8%) when compared to other methods.     

一种V型坡口焊缝图像处理方法及特征提取算法研究

为了提高V型坡口焊缝特征提取算法的效率和准确性,对V型坡口光条图像预处理,在图像感兴趣区域(Region of Interest,ROI)开窗基础上构建差异化卷积模板,经图像差分后实现光条纹增强及噪声颗粒化.通过形态学开运算和小连通域去除提取出二值化光条,并采用几何中心法完成光条骨架细化.通过对光条形态学特征分析,初步定位角点,分区域提取光条中心线,最终获得焊缝的精确特征点.实验结果表明,采用该方法能够有效去除噪声,准确提取出亚像素级特征点,相较传统角点检测算法效率提升60%,满足工业应用的高精度和实时性要求.