新疆发酵乳品中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其耐药性

目的 对新疆传统发酵乳品中乳酸菌进行分离鉴定并检测其耐药性。方法 利用传统形态学鉴定法和生化鉴定等方法对新疆发酵乳中乳酸菌进行鉴定,采用纸片扩散法对分离鉴定的菌进行耐药性分析。结果 从新疆发酵乳品中共分离出8株乳酸菌,经鉴定分别为瑞士乳杆菌（Lactobacillus helveticus）、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）、马乳酒样乳杆菌（Lactobacillus kefianofaciens）、乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）、副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei）、副干酪乳杆菌类坚韧亚种（Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans）、哈尔滨乳杆菌（Lactobacillus harbinensis）、希氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus hilgardii）,并且发现8株乳酸菌对万古霉素、庆大霉素、阿莫西林、多西环素、环丙沙星、阿奇霉素、头孢他啶、头孢孟多具有一定敏感性。结论 新疆发酵乳品中以乳杆菌居多,对常见抗生素具有一定的敏感性。     

乳酸菌蛋白酶与发酵乳制品质量相关性研究进展

摘要:乳酸菌可合成蛋白酶,尽管乳酸菌蛋白酶活性较弱,但可作用于酪蛋白,不仅对乳酸菌在乳中的生长至关重要,也对发酵乳制品风味质地的形成和品质具有重要的影响。本文综述了乳酸菌蛋白水解系统、酪蛋白的降解产物、乳酸菌蛋白酶的水解性质、乳酸菌蛋白酶对发酵乳制品质量影响的研究现状和进展。     

乳酸菌的安全性研究

乳酸菌通常被认为是安全的,但在机体免疫抑制、肠道发育未成熟、肠上皮受损等情况下,可以导致心内膜炎、菌血症、局部性感染等临床症状.本文综述了国外有关乳酸菌的致病性、抗药性基因转移方面研究的一些新进展,以期引起国内对乳酸菌安全性问题的重视.     

乳酸菌耐药性的研究进展

乳酸菌(Lactic acid bacteria,LAB)是一种革兰阳性菌,其发酵产物主要是乳酸。根据乳酸菌种系进化过程中形成的不同生化指标可以分为:低GC含量的一群,例如,肠球菌属(En-terococcus),乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus),乳酸球菌属(Lactococ-cus),明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc),足球菌属(Pedio     

乳酸菌DM9054、DM9057的安全性评价

目的实验评价的2株乳酸菌DM9054和DM9057均分离于泡菜,分别具有降胆固醇和降血压功能,由于其功能性强,性状优良,故本实验对其安全性进行评价,为应用于食品药品生产提供参考依据。方法通过急性毒性试验、耐药性、机体指标、有害代谢产物的评价试验以及其他安全性评价试验检测两实验菌株的安全性。结果在一次性分别使用DM9054和DM9057大剂量灌胃后,动物体征指标无异常;两菌株对部分抗生素具有抗性,但不携带可转移的耐药质粒;使用实验菌株后,机体指标MDA、GSH和SAA的变化基本正常;菌株代谢不产生胆盐羟化酶、硝基还原酶和氨基脱羧酶,但产生乳酸;无溶血作用,长期使用,不发生易位现象。结论乳酸菌DM9054和DM9057总体上是安全的。     

发酵食品中乳酸菌的耐药性现状分析

乳酸菌中的许多种类都是食品工业中常用的发酵菌种,但其耐药性会给食品安全带来风险。本文就乳酸菌的耐药机制、敏感性检测方法及发酵食品中乳酸菌的耐药现状和耐药转移性进行分析,为同行研究者能准确找出问题切入点提供资料。     

蒙古戈壁地区自然发酵乳中乳酸菌的分离鉴定

从采集自蒙古国戈壁地区的6份自然发酵乳中分离到14株乳酸菌,经过形态特征,生理生化特性,糖发酵试验和乳酸旋光性的测定,鉴定结果:乳酸球菌5株,包括Lactococcus lactissubsp.cremoris 1株,Pedio-coccus.(后缩写为Ped.).urinaeequi3株,Pediococcus.pentosaceus1株;乳杆菌9株,包括Lactobacillus.(后缩写为L.)helveticus8株,Lactobacillus.delbrueckii.subsp.bulgaricus1株。蒙古国戈壁地区自然发酵乳中的优势菌为Lactobacillus.helveticus,其次为Pediococcus.urinaeequi。     

乳糖酶水解牛乳的乳酸菌发酵研究

酵母乳糖酶水解牛乳经乳酸菌发酵时,其凝乳时间、产酸速度和ｐＨ下降均比普通乳为快。但对乳酸菌的生长影响不大。两种乳制作的酸奶,它们的组织状态、口感和香味物质乙醛也没有差异,但双乙酰和奶油香似乎略差些。     

Probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented dairy milks on antiproliferation of colon cancer cells

Fifty-four strains of lactic acid bacteria obtained from fermented dairy milks were investigated for possible use as probiotics and for colon cancer biological products. Five of these strains inhibited growth of eight food-borne pathogens including Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. Three of these strains survived at pH 2.5 and in 0.3% bile salts. Additionally they produced no haemolysis, were resistant to kanamycin and adhered to Caco-2 cells. 16S rRNA gene sequences of probiotic strains indicated that RM11 and RM28 were Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus fermentum, respectively. Both the cultured medium and live whole cells from probiotic strains were tested for antiproliferation of colon cancer cells through MTT and Trypan Blue exclusion assays. The probiotic strains of E. faecium RM11 and L. fermentum RM28 also triggered antiproliferation of colon cancer cells at the rates of 21–29%, and 22–29%, respectively. This suggested that both strains could be used as potential probiotics in functional food or for colon cancer biological products. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

传统泡菜中乳酸菌多样性的分析

目的分析传统泡菜中乳酸菌的多样性。方法采用生理生化学特性和16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析相结合的方法,对传统泡菜中筛得的46株菌进行鉴定。结果菌株分布于乳杆菌属、肠球菌属、葡萄球菌属和片球菌属4个属的9个种,更为重要的是在泡菜中发现有Lactobacillus namurensis和巴氏葡萄球菌的存在。结论泡菜中存在着丰富的乳酸菌。     

高效降解草酸乳酸菌的筛选

尿路结石70%~80%主要由草酸钙结晶构成。人体内的草酸一般通过肠道内微生物降解,经由粪便排出或在泌尿道吸收由尿液排出。本研究对市场上商品化的发酵乳制品、饮料和药品中的乳酸菌进行分离,得到37株菌,包括嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、动物双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌、粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌和乳球菌,并检测这些菌株降解草酸的能力。结果提示,乳酸菌在体外能够有效的降低培养物中的草酸浓度,并筛选出了具有高效降解草酸能力的乳酸菌菌株。有望成为尿石症预防的新措施。     

Dominant lactic acid bacteria and their technological properties isolated from the Himalayan ethnic fermented milk products

Ethnic people of the Himalayan regions of India, Nepal, Bhutan and China consume a variety of indigenous fermented milk products made from cows milk as well as yaks milk. These lesser-known ethnic fermented foods are dahi, mohi, chhurpi, somar, philu and shyow. The population of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) ranged from 10(7) to 10(8) cfu/g in these Himalayan milk products. A total of 128 isolates of LAB were isolated from 58 samples of ethnic fermented milk products collected from different places of India, Nepal and Bhutan. Based on phenotypic characterization including API sugar test, the dominant lactic acid bacteria were identified as Lactobacillus bifermentans, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. pseudoplantarum, Lactobacillus kefir, Lactobacillus hilgardii, Lactobacillus alimentarius, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris and Enterococcus faecium. LAB produced a wide spectrum of enzymes and showed high galactosidase, leucine-arylamidase and phosphatase activities. They showed antagonistic properties against selected Gram-negative bacteria. None of the strains produced bacteriocin and biogenic amines under the test conditions used. Most strains of LAB coagulated skim milk with a moderate drop in pH. Some strains of LAB showed a high degree of hydrophobicity, suggesting these strains may have useful adhesive potential. This paper is the first report on functional lactic acid bacterial composition in some lesser-known ethnic fermented milk products of the Himalayas.     

Lactic acid bacteria, their metabolic products and interference with microbial growth

Abstract: Lactic acid bacteria produce a variety of metabolic products that are capable of interfering with the growth of other microbes. These bacterial end products have been applied to food systems to prevent the growth of certain undesirable bacteria. The following review will discuss the successful application of several of the metabolic products produced by lactic acid bacteria in food systems.     

Progress and potential in the biotechnology of lactic acid bacteria

Abstract: Current activities and future prospects for the biotechnology of lactic acid bacteria are reviewed. Genetic engineering technology, including advances and limitations of plasmid vectors and chromosomal integration strategies are discussed together with the status of gene expression and the importance of in vivo gene transfer systems and transposition. Areas of biotechnological application considered include proteolysis and flavour generation, bacteriophage resistance, antimicrobials, metabolic engineering and the possible uses of lactic acid bacteria in relation to health.     

Lactic acid production from lignocellulose-derived sugars using lactic acid bacteria: Overview and limits

Lactic acid is an industrially important product with a large and rapidly expanding market due to its attractive and valuable multi-function properties. The economics of lactic acid production by fermentation is dependent on many factors, of which the cost of the raw materials is very significant. It is very expensive when sugars, e.g., glucose, sucrose, starch, etc., are used as the feedstock for lactic acid production. Therefore, lignocellulosic biomass is a promising feedstock for lactic acid production considering its great availability, sustainability, and low cost compared to refined sugars. Despite these advantages, the commercial use of lignocellulose for lactic acid production is still problematic. This review describes the “conventional” processes for producing lactic acid from lignocellulosic materials with lactic acid bacteria. These processes include: pretreatment of the biomass, enzyme hydrolysis to obtain fermentable sugars, fermentation technologies, and separation and purification of lactic acid. In addition, the difficulties associated with using this biomass for lactic acid production are especially introduced and several key properties that should be targeted for low-cost and advanced fermentation processes are pointed out. We also discuss the metabolism of lignocellulose-derived sugars by lactic acid bacteria.     

Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from human vaginal secretions

A total of 57 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the vaginal secretions of 259 patients. Of these strains, 37 were isolated from patients attending pre-natal clinics and the remaining strains from patients attending post-natal clinics. The strains were identified by using simple physiological and biochemical tests and their phenotypic relatedness determined by numerical analysis of total soluble cell protein patterns. The genotypic relatedness of representative strains selected from each of the protein profile clusters was determined by numerical analysis of the DNA banding patterns obtained from RAPD-PCR. The majority of lactobacilli isolated belonged to the species Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus fermentum and Enterococcus faecium. A few strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and Weissella viridescens were also isolated. One strain, TV 1029, grouped into the same protein profile cluster as E. faecium, but revealed a DNA banding pattern closer related to Enterococcus faecalis. This is the first report of W. viridescens associated with the human vagina. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

1株产细菌素乳酸菌的筛选和鉴定

目的 从植物性材料中筛选产细菌素的乳酸菌。方法 琼脂扩散法。结果 所筛选的产细菌素R260菌株经鉴定为植物乳杆菌。排除有机酸、过氧化氢等干扰因素后,发酵液仍有很强的抑菌作用;用胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶处理后,发酵液抑菌活性急剧下降,因而确定产生的抑菌物质具有蛋白质性质,是一种细菌素。抑菌谱试验测定表明,此菌株的发酵液不仅抑制革兰阳性菌,而且对部分革兰阴性菌也有抑制作用,因此产生的是一类广谱细菌素。结论筛选到了1株产广谱细菌素的乳酸菌。     

两株乳酸菌的产酸性能及其对抗生素敏感性研究

从市售酸奶中分离出2株乳酸菌,经鉴定为嗜热链球菌(St)与保加利亚乳杆菌(Lb),并对其产酸性能及对抗生素敏感性进行了研究。结果表明:St与Lb 1∶1混合发酵效果优于单菌发酵;乳酸菌对4种抗生素类药物敏感性较弱,服用该类药物对人体肠道内乳酸菌的有益作用产生的影响较小。