5-氮-2''-脱氧胞苷对人卵巢癌细胞SKOV3增殖凋亡及hMLH1和hMSH2表达的影响

目的 探讨5-氮-2'-脱氧胞苷(5-Aza-2'deoxycytidine,5-Aza-CdR)对人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3增殖、凋亡及错配修复基因HMLH1和HMSH2表达的影响.方法 用0.5、5和50μmol/L特异性甲基转移酶抑制剂5-Aza-CdR处理SKOV3细胞3 d,继续常规培养7 d后,采用四唑盐(MTT)比色法检测生长活性,流式细胞术分析细胞的凋亡,半定量RT-PCR检测细胞HMLH1和HMSH2 mRNA的表达水平.结果 人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3经0.5、5和50 μmol/L5-Aza-CdR处理后,均能明显抑制肿瘤细胞生长.各组细胞的凋亡率分别为10.59%±1.57%、17.52%±1.72%、34.10%±1.45%,显著高于对照组的5.35%±0.86%(P＜0.01);且凋亡率与5-Aza-CdR剂量成正相关(F=227.6,P＜0.01).在SKOV3中HMLH1和HMSH2呈弱表达,经5-Aza-CdR处理后mRNA表达量有不同程度的增加,且与药物存在剂量依赖性.结论 5-Aza-CdR可逆转卵巢癌细胞系中存在的HMLH1和HMSH2甲基化,DNA错配修复基因甲基化与卵巢癌的发生、发展有关.     

5-氮杂-2'-脱氧胞苷对HepG2细胞RUNX3基因表达及细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨人肝癌细胞系HepG2经5-氮杂-2’-脱氧胞苷(5-Aza-2-’deoxycytid ine,5-Aza-CdR)处理后诱导高甲基化失活的RUNX3基因重新表达的可能性及对细胞生长的影响,寻找抗癌治疗的新靶点。方法RT-PCR检测抑癌基因RUNX3 mRNA的表达;MTT、集落形成实验观察细胞的生长活性;流式细胞术和透射电镜分析细胞周期及细胞凋亡的变化。结果肝癌细胞经不同浓度之5-Aza-CdR处理后,原无RUNX3 mRNA表达的细胞均检出基因重新表达,细胞生长速度出现不同程度减慢及细胞克隆形成率显著降低(P<0.01)。用药后肝癌细胞发生明显的S期阻滞,电镜显示肝癌细胞形态学改变。结论去甲基化制剂5-Aza-CdR能有效地激活肝癌细胞系HepG2因高甲基化所致RUNX3基因沉默的再转录,诱导该基因的表达,从而抑制肿瘤细胞生长。     

5-Aza-CdR对人结肠癌Caco-2细胞系P16基因甲基化状态及其生物学表型的影响

目的 观察人结肠癌Caco-2细胞系P16基因启动子区甲基化状态,并探讨去甲基化制剂5-氮杂-2-脱氧胞苷(5-Aza-CdR)诱导高甲基化失活的P16基因重新表达的可能性及其对细胞生长的影响.方法 用不同浓度的5-Aza-CdR处理Caco-2细胞系,MSP法检测用药前后P16基因的甲基化状态,RT-PCR方法检测P16基因mRNA表达.MIT法观察细胞生长速度,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期、细胞凋亡率.结果 P16基因在人结肠癌细胞系Caco-2中启动子区呈甲基化状态,经过5-Aza-CdR处理后,P16基因启动子区呈去甲基化状态,其mRNA重新表达.CpC岛去甲基化后能明显地抑制细胞的生长,诱导细胞凋亡,影响细胞周期分布,并具有良好的量效依赖关系.结论 5-Aza-CdR能够逆转P16基因甲基化状态,调控P16基因表达并有效地抑制肠癌细胞增殖.     

5-氮杂-2′-脱氧胞苷对小鼠海马神经元细胞系HT22细胞DNA甲基转移酶表达和细胞周期的影响

目的:探究5-氮杂-2′-脱氧胞苷(5-Aza-CdR)对小鼠海马神经元细胞系HT22细胞增殖及其对DNA甲基化转移酶(DNMT)表达的影响。方法:5-Aza-CdR处理HT22细胞,采用Real-time PCR和免疫印迹检测DNMT1、DNMT3A、DNMT3BmRNA及蛋白的表达;甲基转移酶活性试剂盒检测DNMTs活性;流式细胞仪对其细胞周期及凋亡进行检测。结果:5-Aza-CdR处理HT22细胞24h后,不同浓度5-Aza-CdR均显著抑制HT22细胞增殖,且使胞质空泡化。5-Aza-CdR降低了HT22细胞早期凋亡,但促进晚期凋亡,并诱导细胞周期发生S期阻滞。DNMT1和DNMT3A的mRNA和蛋白表达下降,但DNMT3B表达未发生明显变化。DNMT1和DNMT3B活性降低。结论:5-Aza-CdR可降低DNMT1和DNMT3A mRNA和蛋白表达以及DNMT1和DNMT3B活性,影响HT22细胞周期及凋亡。     

5-氮杂-2'-脱氧胞苷对胶质瘤细胞系U251凋亡的调节

目的甲基化与胶质瘤的发生和发展关系密切,本研究的目的是探讨去甲基化试剂5-氮杂-2'-脱氧胞苷(5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine)对胶质瘤细胞系凋亡的调节。方法将浓度分别为10μM、25μM和50μM的5-氮杂-2'-脱氧胞苷加入胶质瘤细胞系U251细胞中,应用RT-PCR法检测U251细胞系经不同浓度的5-氮杂-2'-脱氧胞苷处理后细胞内胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)的表达,应用流式细胞术(AnnexinV-FITC染色)检测不同药物浓度处理组中U251细胞的凋亡率。结果 5-氮杂-2'-脱氧胞苷处理后,U251细胞内caspase-3的转录水平明显上调(P<0.01),具有较为明显的剂量依赖性。流式细胞术结果显示U251细胞经5-氮杂-2'-脱氧胞苷处理后细胞的凋亡率显著上调,且具有剂量依赖性。结论 5-氮杂-2'-脱氧胞苷处理具有剂量依赖性上调胶质瘤细胞系U251caspase-3表达,促进细胞凋亡。     

5-aza-2dC诱导白血病细胞分化及对Annexin A1/A2表达和甲基化状态的影响

目的：观察甲基化转移酶抑制剂5-杂氮-2’-脱氧胞苷(5-aza-2’-deoxycitydine, 5-aza-2dC)对人急性髓系白血病细胞系HL-60细胞分化及对膜联蛋白A1/A2(Annexin A1/A2)表达和甲基化状态的影响。 方法：瑞氏染色和流式细胞术检测5-aza-2dC对HL-60细胞分化的影响；RT-PCR法检测药物处理HL-60细胞前后Annexin A1和A2基因mRNA的表达水平；甲基化特异性PCR(methylation-specific PCR，MSP)检测药物处理HL-60细胞前后Annexin A1和A2基因启动子区域CpG岛的甲基化水平。 结果：5-aza-2dC处理后HL-60细胞的髓系分化抗原CD11b的表达增强，细胞向成熟分化，且在0.5 μmol/L时其促分化作用最明显；Annexin A1和A2基因在HL-60细胞中低表达，0.5 μmol/L 5-aza-2dC处理HL-60细胞72 h后，Annexin A1和A2基因mRNA表达水平明显上调，而其启动子区域CpG岛甲基化水平明显降低。结论：5-aza-2dC具有促进白血病细胞分化的作用，Annexin A1和A2基因启动子去甲基化可能与5-aza-2dC诱导白血病细胞分化有关。     

5-Aza-CdR抑制HepG2细胞DLK1基因表达及细胞生长

目的 探讨去甲基化药物5-氮杂-2’-脱氧胞苷(5-Aza-CdR)对DLK1基因及肝癌细胞系HepG2增殖、侵袭的影响.方法 不同浓度的5-Aza-CdR及PBS作用HepG2细胞后,RT-PCR、Western blot检测DLK1基因及蛋白的表达水平;MTT、Transwell和流式细胞术检测HepG2细胞的生长、侵袭力及细胞周期的变化.结果 HepG2细胞经5-Aza-CdR处理后,DLK1 mRNA、蛋白表达量降低;MTT试验显示细胞生长速度依5-Aza-CdR浓度出现不同程度减慢;流式结果表明G1期细胞减少,S期细胞增加,出现S期阻滞;Transwell证实侵袭能力显著降低(P＜0.05).结论 去甲基化药物5-Aza-CdR能有效地抑制DLK1基因的表达,从而抑制肿瘤细胞HepG2生长、增殖、侵袭能力.     

小檗碱对人卵巢癌细胞SKOV3 增殖及凋亡机制的研究

目的:探讨小檗碱对人卵巢癌细胞(SKOV3)增殖及凋亡的影响。方法:MTT 法检测细胞增殖;流式细胞仪Annexin V/ PI 双染色法和透射电子显微镜检测细胞凋亡情况;甲基化特异性PCR 分析hMLH1 基因启动子区CpG 岛的甲基化状态;实时荧光定量RT-PCR 检测Bcl-2、Bax、Survivin 和hMLH1 mRNA 基因的表达。结果:小檗碱对卵巢癌SKOV3 细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05),呈剂量和时间依赖性。当与顺铂联用时,小檗碱对卵巢癌细胞有协同抗癌作用。小檗碱可明显诱导SKOV3 细胞凋亡,并下调Bcl-2、Survivin 基因及上调Bax 基因的表达。此外,小檗碱能恢复hMLH1 启动子的甲基化状态及增强hMLH1 mRNA 的表达。结论:小檗碱可抑制卵巢癌细胞增殖及诱导细胞凋亡,小檗碱可协同增强抗癌药物顺铂的抗肿瘤作用。     

5-Aza-CdR对人结肠癌Caco-2细胞系P16基因甲基化状态及其生物学表型的影响

目的 观察人结肠癌Caco-2细胞系P16基因启动子区甲基化状态,并探讨去甲基化制剂5-氮杂-2-脱氧胞苷(5-Aza-CdR)诱导高甲基化失活的P16基因重新表达的可能性及其对细胞生长的影响.方法 用不同浓度的5-Aza-CdR处理Caco-2细胞系,MSP法检测用药前后P16基因的甲基化状态,RT-PCR方法检测P...     

5-氮杂-2'-脱氧胞苷对肝癌DNA甲基转移酶1及上皮钙黏附素表达的影响

目的:研究5-氮杂-2-脱氧胞苷(5-Aza-CdR)对肝癌细胞中DNA甲基转移酶1(DNMT1)及上皮钙黏附素(E-cadherin)表达的影响.方法:免疫组织化学检测上皮钙黏附素在肝癌(26例)及癌旁组织(20例)中的表达.用终浓度10μmol/L的5-Aza-CdR处理培养的肝癌细胞株GQY-7703作为实验组,未处理细胞为对照组;DNMT1基因和上皮钙黏附素基因(CDH1)的转录产物及表达蛋白分别使用半定量RT-PCR和免疫印迹法检测;CDH1的甲基化状态使用甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)检测.结果:相比较癌旁组织,肝癌组织中上皮钙黏附素表达显著下调.5-Aza-CdR降低了GQY-7703细胞中DNMT1在转录水平和翻译水平的表达CDH1 CpG岛的甲基化水平降低;上皮钙黏附素mRNA和蛋白表达量明显增高,对电泳条带的半定量分析显示实验组和对照组之间的差异具有统计学意义.结论:5-Aza-CdR通过抑制DNMT1的表达,改变了CDH1基因的异常甲基化状态,进而恢复上皮钙黏附素的表达.     

Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 as a marker of gastric enterochromaffin-like cell tumors

The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) facilitates the ATP-dependent accumulation of biogenic amine inside the secretory granules of endocrine cells and neurons and was demonstrated in the histamine-producing enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells of the stomach. In the present investigation, VMAT2 immunohistochemistry was tested in 85 endocrine tumors, of which 60 were well differentiated gastrointestinal and pancreatic growths, 5 poorly differentiated (neuro)endocrine carcinomas (PDEC) and 1 mixed PDEC/ECL cell carcinoma of the stomach, 12 pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas, 3 adrenocortical lesions, 2 parathyroid and 2 lung neuroendocrine tumors. Extensive and intense VMAT2 immunoreactivity was observed in 16 of 16 gastric ECL cell tumors, 6 of 6 adrenal pheochromocytomas, 2 of 2 chromaffin paragangliomas and in 3 of the 4 carotid body paragangliomas investigated. Rare VMAT2-positive cells were observed in 12 of 21 intestinal enterochromaffin (EC) cell tumors, in 9 of 11 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and in the mixed PDEC/ ECL cell carcinoma of the stomach (differentiated cells only). No VMAT2 immunoreactivity was observed in five gastrin, four somatostatin and three enteroglucagon/peptideYY tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, in six gastric PDECs, in three adrenocortical growths, and two parathyroid and two lung neuroendocrine tumors. These data support VMAT2 immunohistochemistry as being a useful tool for the diagnosis of gastric ECL cell tumors, separating them from all other endocrine tumors arising in the gastroduodenal area i.e., gastrin, somatostatin, EC cell and PDEC tumors, all of which proved essentially negative. Received: 28 June 1999 / Accepted: 20 October 1999     

CCC-HPF-2细胞基因组DNA可作为STR分型标准物质

目的 检测细胞培养传代过程中的基因稳定性,筛选符合中国人遗传特性的DNA标准物质,建立DNA标准细胞库.方法 通过显微镜下观察、免疫组织化学、核型分析检测细胞传代过程中形态、分子表达及核型是否稳定；应用PCR方法检测细胞的外源微生物及种属来源；STR检测验证细胞在传代过程中STR表达谱的平衡性及稳定性.结果 CCC-H...     

Programmed cell death 2 functions as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma

Objectives: To investigate the role of programmed cell death 2 (PDCD2) in osteosarcoma (OS), along with correlations between PDCD2 and CD4⁺/CD8⁺. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to control group and OS group. The OS group rats were subjected to induce models of OS by transplantation with UMR106 cells. Peripheral blood was collected to test the percentages of the CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cell subsets using flow cytometry (FCM). Western blotting was performed to determine the PDCD2 protein level. The correlations between PDCD2 and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Besides, specific small interfering RNAs (siRNA) against PDCD2 and nonspecific (NS)-siRNA were transfected into UMR106 cells. Cell viability and invasive ability were determined after transfection. Results: CD4⁺ cells percentages were significantly decreased in the OS group, while CD8⁺ cells were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The PDCD2 protein levels were markedly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, PDCD2 was positively correlated with CD4⁺ (R² = 0.66, P < 0.05), but was negatively correlated with CD8⁺ (R² = -0.94, P < 0.05). Moreover, the cell viability and invasion ability were significantly higher than that in the control group and the NS siRNA group after transfection with PDCD2 siRNA (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that PDCD2 is involved in the pathogenesis of OS, and PDCD2 may play an important role in tumor suppression. These mechanisms might be related to immune response induced by CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells.     

2B4 functions as a co-receptor in human NK cell activation

Natural cytotoxicity receptors (NKp46, NKp44 and NKp300) play a predominant role in human NK cell triggering during natural cytotoxicity. Human 2B4 also induced NK cell activation in redirected killing assays using anti-2B4 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and murine targets. Since this effect was confined to a fraction of NK cells, this suggested a functional heterogeneity of 2B4 molecules. Here we show that activation via 2B4 in redirected killing against murine targets is strictly dependent upon the engagement of NKp46 by murine ligand (s) on target cells. Thus, NK cell clones expressing high surface density of NKp46 (NKp46bright) were triggered by anti-2B4 mAb, whereas NKp46dull clones were not although they expressed a comparable surface density of 2B4. mAb-mediated modulation of NKp46 molecules in NKp46bright clones had no effect on the expression of 2B4 while it rendered cells unresponsive to anti-2B4 mAb. Finally, anti-2B4 mAb could induce NK cell triggering in NKp46dull clones provided that suboptimal doses of anti-NKp44 or anti-CD16 mAb were added to the redirected killing assay. These results indicate that differences in responses do not reflect a functional heterogeneity of 2B4 but rather depend on the co-engagement of triggering receptors.     

Ocular metastasis as first presentation of renal cell carcinoma: report of 2 cases

Authors report the cases of 2 patients who had an ocular lesion as the first sign leading to diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma, an uncommon presentation of this neoplasm. The first patient was a 59-year-old man presented with a mass in the right eye. The histological and immunohistochemical profile of the biopsy showed a probable renal cell carcinoma. A CT scan showed a solid mass in the left kidney. The patient underwent radical nephrectomy and excision of the ocular lesion and had an uneventful evolution. The second patient was a 72-year-old man presenting with an ulcerated lesion on the right inferior tarsal conjunctiva. An excisional biopsy of the lesion showed histological and immunohistochemical patterns of a clear cell carcinoma. Abdominal tomography disclosed a right peripheral renal tumor. A right radical nephrectomy was performed. Renal cell carcinoma may present atypically with metastases to quite uncommon organs. Nephrectomy may be of value in selected cases; the ocular metastases are usually excised for aesthetic and functional reasons.     

Mantle cell lymphoma as a rare cause of intussusception: a report of 2 cases

Intussusception is uncommon in adults and is only very rarely caused by malignant lymphoma. To our knowledge, there are only 2 previously reported cases of mantle cell lymphoma causing intussusception. We present 2 additional cases of intussusception at the ileocecal valve in patients being treated for mantle cell lymphoma, and a review of the pertinent literature is presented.     

Proteomic identification of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein as a plasma biomarker of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) has very poor prognosis compared with other head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Late-stage diagnosis of HSCC increases mortality. Therefore, more effective biomarkers for early diagnosis of HSCC are necessary. Unfortunately, appropriate biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and prognosis have not been identified yet. However, recent progresses in quantitative proteomics have offered opportunities to identify plasma proteins as biomarkers for HSCC. In the present study, plasma samples were analyzed by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). A total of 26 proteins representing 12 unique gene products were identified. The up-regulation proteins were alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG), complement C4-B, haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, and ceruloplasmin, whereas the down-regulation proteins were serum albumin, angiotensinogen, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, Ig gamma-3 chain C region, fibrinogen gamma chain, apolipoprotein A-I, and Ig kappa chain C region. Among all the differentially expressed proteins, AHSG was validated by western blot and ELISA. The results were consistent with the data from 2D-DIGE, further suggesting that AHSG may be employed as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of HSCC. In summary, this study was the first to use 2D-DIGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF platform to identify the potential plasma biomarkers for HSCC. The plasma AHSG showed great potential for HSCC screening.