急性胰腺炎的并发症:胰周血管疾病的MRI表现

目的探讨急性胰腺炎(AP)并发各类胰周血管疾病的MRI表现。资料与方法回顾性分析本院2009年6月至2010年9月期间122例AP患者资料,男73例,女49例,平均年龄(45±16)岁。所有病例均签署知情同意书。采用GE1.5TMR扫描:梯度回波T1加权,快速恢复快速自旋回波T2加权,单次激发快速自旋回波T2加权,MR胰胆管成像,动态增强扫描。观察:(1)动脉侵犯/动脉炎;(2)假性动脉瘤;(3)静脉炎、静脉血栓形成/静脉栓塞;(4)胰源性门静脉高压症/门静脉海绵样变。结果本组AP并发胰周血管病变的发生率为17.2%(21/122)。21例AP并发胰周血管病变患者中,动脉侵犯/动脉炎占16/21(脾动脉、肝总动脉、肠系膜上动脉、腹腔干受累率分别为16/16、13/16、12/16、7/16)。脾动脉假性动脉瘤占1/21。静脉炎占19/21(脾静脉、门静脉、肠系膜上静脉受累率分别为19/19、13/19、9/19),静脉血栓形成/静脉栓塞占2/21(1例脾静脉部分性栓塞,另1例门静脉、脾静脉、肠系膜上静脉广泛性栓塞)。胰源性门静脉高压症/门静脉海绵样变占2/21。结论 AP能并发多种胰周血管病变,每种血管病变都...     

儿童门静脉海绵样变性的多层螺旋CT研究

目的 探讨64排螺旋CT在诊断儿童门静脉海绵样变性(cavernous transformation of the portal vein,CTPV)中的临床价值.资料与方法 22例CTPV患者均先经彩超筛选,再采用64排螺旋CT进行腹部肝动脉期及门静脉期双期增强扫描并进行重组,由两位医师共同观察肝实质及门静脉系统和侧支静脉.结果 14例(64%)门静脉主干或分支扭曲增粗,肝内门静脉系统普遍变窄、纤细和扭曲;4例(18%)门静脉先天缺如,包括3例门静脉主干未见显示,1例门静脉左支缺如;4例(18%)门静脉栓塞,包括1例肿瘤栓子,3例血栓.22例全部显示侧支静脉,包括胆管周围静脉丛22例(100%)、胆囊静脉16例(73%);胃支21例(95%);胰十二指肠后上静脉5例(23%);脐旁静脉1例(5%);其他门一体分流18例(82%).3例肝脏灌注异常.11例(50%)肝叶比例失调,肝大4例,脾大20例.其他CT征象还有:5例(23%)胆囊壁增厚,1例先天性胆管异常,5例胃肠壁增厚、肠系膜和小网膜肿胀,8例有腹腔或胸腔积液.结论 MSCT能显示CTPV及继发形成的侧支循环,为临床选择治疗方案提供明确的信息.     

多层螺旋CT对胰源性门静脉高压的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT腹部增强扫描在诊断胰源性门静脉高压(PSPH)中的价值。方法对15例临床疑诊胰腺体尾部病变累及门静脉系统的患者的增强CT资料进行回顾性研究,观察门静脉系统形态改变,并测量胃冠状静脉、门静脉、脾静脉、肠系膜上静脉内径。结果急慢性胰腺炎及胰腺癌侵犯或压迫脾静脉,血液向门静脉回流受阻,致其远端显影不佳,近端血管扩张以及侧支循环形成最终导致胰源性门静脉高压症。结论多排螺旋CT可连续观察侧支循环走行,清晰显示病变与邻近结构关系,为胰源性门脉高压患者提供血管形态、病因诊断等多方面有价值信息,并为临床诊断和治疗提供客观的影像学依据。     

螺旋CT双期增强扫描诊断胰腺癌的价值

目的探讨螺旋CT双期增强扫描诊断胰腺癌的价值.材料和方法27例胰腺癌患者行螺旋CT双期增强扫描,动脉期(AP)延迟25s,门静脉期(PVP)延迟65s,以3～4ml/s团注造影剂80～100ml.测量肿瘤和正常胰腺组织的CT值,计算肿瘤-胰腺密度差,对胰周血管观察评价.结果肿瘤的平均CT值AP和PVP是51±8Hu、74±10Hu,正常胰腺的CT值AP和PVP是123±19Hu、100±10Hu,肿瘤-胰腺密度差AP和PVP是71±20Hu、25±12Hu,二者差异明显(P<0.01).胰周动脉侵犯在AP显示好,静脉侵犯在PVP显示好.结论AP可获得最大的肿瘤-胰腺密度差,AP结合PVP对胰周血管侵犯的评价更全面准确.     

MSCT 对重症急性胰腺炎并发门静脉系统血栓的诊断价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋 CT(MSCT)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)并发急性门静脉系统血栓的诊断价值,以提高对本病的认识。方法对45例已确诊的 SAP 并发急性门静脉系统血栓患者的临床和影像学资料进行回顾性分析。结果45例患者均有急性上腹部疼痛。血栓平均检出时间为26 d。平扫血栓表现为稍高或等密度影并血栓所在部位血管管腔稍扩张;增强扫描血栓表现为斑点状、结节状或条柱状充盈缺损,完全闭塞则表现为“火车轨道”样改变。结论MSCT 平扫、增强扫描以及三维重建技术能对 SAP合并急性门静脉系统血栓作出明确诊断。     

门静脉系统血栓的64层螺旋CT诊断价值

目的 探讨门静脉系统血栓(portal vein thrombosis,PVT)的64层螺旋CT表现特征.资料与方法 15例PVT行64层螺旋CT平扫和双期增强扫描,采用最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR)及多平面重组(MPR)观察其影像学特征.结果 15例中,血栓发生于门静脉(PV)主干13例,右支6例,左支7例,脾静脉(SV)3例,肠系膜上静脉(SMV)9例,其中血栓同时累及PV主干和SMV 8例,同时累及PV左右支、主干和SMV 4例,累及PV主干和右支6例,累及PV主干和左支6例,累及SV和SMV 2例,PV主干、SV、SMV三岔口处血栓1例.Yerdel分级:Ⅰ级1例,Ⅱ级10例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级1例;血栓呈高密度10例,等密度2例,低密度3例;血栓为部分偏心性栓塞12例,呈小条状、"柴捆"状;附栓管壁均连续光滑、无外突结节,局部PV管壁呈典型的线样"强化征"或"轨道征";出现食管胃丛及脾丛侧支循环12例,胆管丛及胆囊丛侧支循环4例,无一例出现肝动脉.门静脉瘘.结论 64层螺旋CT能够清晰、立体地显示PVT的部位、累及范围,具有特征性,是PVT重要的检查方法.     

64层螺旋CT对急性门静脉和肠系膜上静脉血栓的诊断价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT对急性门静脉和肠系膜上静脉血栓的诊断价值.资料与方法回顾性分析经手术及临床确诊的19例急性门静脉和肠系膜上静脉血栓形成患者的64层螺旋CT表现.19例均行平扫,14例加行增强扫描,并应用多平面重组(MPR)、曲面重组(CPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积再现(VR)行多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA).结果 19例平扫均显示门静脉和肠系膜上静脉增粗,12例肠系膜周围脂肪密度增高,13例管腔内高密度,10例有不同程度腹腔积液,14例肠管扩张、积气积液,10例肠壁增厚水肿;14例增强扫描均显示静脉内低密度充盈缺损,门静脉和肠系膜上静脉管壁环形强化,肠管管壁强化呈"靶征",3例肠管未强化,5例显示肝脏一过性供血不足,门静脉期供血减少.结论 64层螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描,以及三维重组技术相结合能够早期发现急性门静脉和肠系膜上静脉血栓形成.     

胰源性区域性门静脉高压的多层螺旋CT诊断及其临床价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）及图像后处理技术对胰源性区域性门静脉高压的诊断及临床价值.方法 对胰源性区域性门静脉高压症患者28例使用16排多层螺旋CT机行腹部平扫及增强扫描,采用图像后处理技术,显示胰源性区域性门静脉高压异常的脾静脉及侧支血管情况.结果 CT显示脾静脉狭窄或闭塞28例,胃冠状静脉曲张14例（14/28）,胃短静脉曲张15例（15/28）,胃网膜静脉曲张25例（25/28）.结论 MSCT及图像后处理技术能很好地从不同方位显示胰源性区域性门静脉高压侧支循环血管,具有重要的临床指导价值.     

合并于肝细胞癌的门静脉血栓形成增强超声与螺旋CT的检出及定性

本研究的目的是对比增强超声（CEUS）与螺旋CT对肝细胞癌（HCC）并发门静脉血栓形成的检出与定性。50例US和多普勒US发现门静脉内血栓形成并经穿刺活检证实的HCC病人被纳入研究。其中13个血栓累及门静脉主干，37个血栓累及门静脉肝段分支。血栓活检后1周内行CEUS和CT检查。由有经验的放射医生以盲法根据每种影像技术分别做出血栓（有／无）与血栓性质（恶性／良性）的诊断，并同病理结果对照，确定血栓检出与定性的准确性。     

胰源性区域性门静脉高压的多层螺旋CT表现

目的 分析胰源性区域性门静脉高压(pancreatogenic segmental portal hypertension,PSPH)的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)表现和特征.方法 对32例胰源性门静脉高压患者,使用16排多层螺旋CT行上腹部CT平扫、多期相增强扫描,采用多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR)等图像后处理技术显示异常的脾静脉及侧枝血管情况.结果 脾静脉均有受压、血栓或受侵表现,孤立性脾静脉阻塞中,食管静脉(EV)、胃短静脉(SGV)、胃冠状静脉(CGV)、胃网膜静脉(GEV)、胃结肠干(GCT)曲张分别占9.37%,67.65%,65.63%,96.88%,28.13%;非孤立性脾静脉阻塞伴有肠系膜上静脉SMV阻塞时,其属支结肠右上静脉(RSCV)、胃结肠干(MCV)、胰十二指肠前上静脉(ASPDV)曲张例数分别为15.63%,18.75%,5.88%.同时伴门静脉海绵样变5例.结论 MSCT及图像后处理系统对PRPH诊断具有莺要价值.     

湿润烧伤膏与手术联合治疗褥疮的护理

目的 :减少溃疡期褥疮的术前准备时间 ,缩短褥疮的总病程。方法 :将 1996年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月收住院的 4 2例溃疡期褥疮病人按随机原则分为 2组 ,2 1例术前用湿润烧伤膏纱换药处理 ,为A组 (试验组 ) ;2 1例用庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药处理 ,为B组 (对照组 )。 2组病例的年龄、性别、发病原因、病灶部位、病灶范围等经统计学处理 ,无显著性差别 ,有可比性。两组病人均换药至创面新鲜行皮瓣转移手术 ;比较两组平均术前换药时间 ,及换药 +手术的总住院日。术前术后两组患者均运用护理程序施行整体护理。结果 :A组术前平均换药时间为 8 4 9± 2 2 3天 ,B组为 15 6 0± 6 70天 ;A组平均治愈时间为 2 0 5 0± 4 81天 ,B组为 35 31± 7 70天。结论 :湿润烧伤膏换药与庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药比较 ,前者可明显缩短褥疮手术的术前准备时间及病人的总住院天数。     

Improvement in quality of life in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with non-invasive extracorporeal radiofrequency in combination with chemoradiotherapy

Abstract

Purpose: To improve the quality of life (QOL) of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after chemoradiotherapy (CRT), it is necessary to find an effective method to reduce the toxic side-effects of CRT.

Materials and methods: Between June 2007 and June 2010, 83 previously untreated patients with NPC were randomized to receive CRT either with or without non-invasive extracorporeal radiofrequency (ERF). All the patients underwent radiation, and weekly chemotherapy of paclitaxel 135–175 mg/m² and cisplatin 60–90 mg/m². In addition, the patients in the treatment group also underwent non-invasive ERF on a radiofrequency machine at 13.56 MHz for 1 hour at 41–43°C. After the completion of treatment, evaluation was carried out to determine the survival rate, disease-free survival time, and QOL. QOL was analyzed by using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ-H&N35) every 6 months during the three-year period.

Results: After completion of the treatments, the 36-month survival rate was 0.730 in the treatment group and 0.535 in the reference group (p = 0.041); the average disease-free survival time was 48 months in the treatment group and only 37.5 months in the reference group (p = 0.048). In the post- treatment questionnaires, several NPC-specific (pain, swallowing, speech, social eating, opening mouth, dry mouth, sticky saliva) QOL domains were better preserved with CRT + ERF compared to CRT at different time-points.

Conclusions: The combination treatment of ERF with CRT can prolong the survival rate and disease-free survival time and improve the QOL for patients with NPC.     

Correlation of iron in the hippocampus with MMSE in patients with Alzheimer's disease

Purpose

To investigate the brain iron deposits in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy age‐matched controls using phase imaging.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐six AD patients and 24 healthy controls were recruited. A three‐dimensional high‐resolution, gradient‐echo sequence was used to acquire phase data in the coronal plane. A high‐pass filter was used to remove the phase variation caused by field inhomogeneity. The regions evaluated included the bilateral putamen, globus pallidus, and the head and body of the hippocampus.

Results

Significantly lower phase values in both the basal ganglion and hippocampus were revealed in the AD group compared to the normal controls (P < 0.05). The phase value in the right side of the head of the hippocampus had a moderate positive correlation with the MMSE score (r= 0.603, P = 0.000) and a negative correlation with the duration of the disease (r = ?0.677, P = 0.013). Using ?0.0972 radians as an optimal cutoff value, the sensitivity and specificity for differentiation between AD and normal controls reached 95.8 and 80.8%, respectively.

Conclusion

Phase imaging proved to be a useful method for the differentiation between normal controls and AD patients. An investigation of the excessive accumulation of iron in the hippocampus may help us better understand the pathologic process and neuropsychological dysfunction of AD disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:793–798. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

     

咪达唑仑联合瑞芬太尼控制破伤风患者痉挛的疗效

目的探讨咪达唑仑联合瑞芬太尼控制成人破伤风患者痉挛的效果。方法选取2012年7月~2015年11月第三军医大学大坪医院收治的22例成人破伤风患者,采用经中心静脉通路持续微量泵入咪达唑仑与瑞芬太尼复合镇静、镇痛治疗,观察患者用药前后的生命体征变化,痉挛发作次数及持续时间、Ramsay镇静评分、张口大小等指标。结果所有患者使用药物时间平均(13.5±3.2)d;Ramsay镇静评分平均(3.2±1.3)分;用药前后比较,痉挛发作频次明显减少,持续时间明显缩短,张口逐渐增大(P0.05);用药后血压下降,心率明显减慢(P0.05);呼吸及中心静脉压(CVP)在用药前后变化不明显(P0.05);22例患者全部治愈出院,无死亡及并发症发生。结论在严格监护下,咪达唑仑联合瑞芬太尼持续静脉泵入,为破伤风患者痉挛的控制提供了一种新型安全、切实有效的治疗手段,能达到理想的镇静、镇痛及控制痉挛效果。     

Contrast-enhanced MR cholangiography with Gd-EOB-DTPA in patients with liver cirrhosis: visualization of the biliary ducts in comparison with patients with normal liver parenchyma

The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of biliary duct visualization using Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiography (EOB-MRC) in patients with liver cirrhosis. Forty adult patients with liver cirrhosis (cirrhosis group) and 20 adult individuals with normal liver parenchyma (control group) underwent EOB-MRC using T1-weighted GRE imaging up to 180 min after Gd-EOB-DTPA administration. Two observers assessed the visualization of each biliary structure and the overall anatomical visualization of the biliary tree. Child-Pugh, MELD score and laboratory findings were compared. The grade of visualization for each evaluated biliary structure was statistically different in the two groups (P = 0.004 to <0.001). The overall EOB-MRC quality was rated as sufficient for anatomical visualization of the biliary tree in all individuals of the control group 20 min after Gd-EOB-DTPA application, but in only 16/40 patients (40%) of the cirrhosis group within 30 min after application. Analysis of the ROC curves revealed that the cut-off values, for non-sufficient visualization of the biliary tree 20 min after Gd-EOB-DTPA application, were MELD scores > or =11 and total serum bilirubin levels > or =30 micromol/l. Consecutively, EOB-MRC in patients with liver cirrhosis resulted in a decreased or even non-visualization of the biliary tree in a substantial percentage of patients.     

Comparison of CT with diffusion-weighted MRI in patients with hyperacute stroke

Tissue changes in ischaemic stroke are detectable by diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) within minutes of the onset of symptoms. However, in daily routine CT is still the preferred imaging modality for patients with acute stroke. Our purpose of this study was to determine how early and reliably ischaemic brain infarcts can be identified by CT and DWI. Three neuroradiologists, blinded to clinical signs but aware that they were dealing with stroke, analysed the CT and DWI of 31 patients with an acute ischaemic stroke. We calculated k-values to analyse inter-rater variability. The ratings were compared with follow-up studies showing the extent of the infarct. The combined assessment of all observers gave positive findings in 77.4 % of all CT examinations, with k = 0.58. Areas of high signal were seen on all DWI studies by all observers (k = 1). Estimation of the extent of the infarct based on DWI yielded k = 0.70 and that based on CT k = 0.39. DWI was much more reliable than CT in the detection of early ischaemic lesions and we believe that it should be used in acute ischaemic stroke before aggressive therapeutic intervention. Received: 11 August 2000 Accepted: 29 November 2000     

复合树脂修复联合氯已定维护治疗在糖尿病患者中应用

目的评价0.12%氯已定对已应用复合树脂充填患牙的糖尿病患者行牙周维护治疗的临床效果。方法选择20例有牙周炎病的糖尿病患者,对其前牙区龋齿进行复合树脂充填治疗后,分为研究组(n=10)和对照组(n=10)。在进行基础牙周治疗之前预防性应用抗生素,在牙周维护治疗阶段给予研究组患者0.12%氯已定15 d,对照组患者不应用氯已定。分别在治疗前和治疗后90 d检测所有患者的菌斑指数、牙龈指数和牙周探诊深度,记录并应用方差分析和Tukey检验对数据进行统计。并对研究组患者进行糖化血红蛋白等血清生化指标的检测,比较治疗前后的差异。结果经过90 d的治疗,研究组患者的菌斑指数、牙龈指数和牙周探诊深度均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。研究组患者经0.12%氯已定治疗后较治疗前比较,糖化血红蛋白降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清总胆红素水平较之前升高(P<0.05);血清磷水平升高(P<0.01);血清钙磷比下降(P<0.01);甘油三酯的水平下降(P<0.05);载脂蛋白A1升高(P<0.01)。结论在牙周维护治疗中,应用0.12%氯已定能够有效改善糖尿病患者已行树脂修复患牙的牙周健康和糖化血红蛋白,此外还可能影响钙、磷、血脂等其他生化指标。     

Replacement of mycophenolate mofetil with azathioprine in patients with renal transplants

Numerous clinical studies demonstrated that mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was significantly more effective in prevention of acute rejection episodes than azathioprine. Since the data supporting the long-term benefits of MMF therapy are not available, and considering the high cost of this therapy, we examined the safety of conversion from MMF to azathioprine in renal transplant patients. In 12 renal transplant patients (4 cadaveric and 8 living related donors) on triple immunosuppressive therapy (prednisone/MMF/cyclosporine) conversion from MMF to azathioprine was done after the first six to twelve post-transplant months. The majority of patients were in the low immunological risk of transplantation, and 7 (58.3%) received antithymocite globulin due to the delayed graft function. The mean follow-up period after the conversion to azathioprine was 6.4 months (range 3-12 months). Acute rejection episode was noticed only in one patient 8 months after the conversion following acute graft pyelonephritis. In all other patients graft function remained unchanged. We have concluded that the conversion from MMF to azathioprine in renal transplant patients on triple immunosuppressive therapy is safe and without detrimental effects on short-term allograft function. Long-term follow-up studies on larger number of patients are needed to confirm these observations.