桑天牛取食注射印楝素的构树后对其后代死亡率的影响

用注有0.32g和2.0g印楝素的构树枝条喂饲桑天牛一段时间后,能够极显著降低其产卵量,并且其下一代孵化的幼虫成活率降低,多数幼虫在进入木质部取食前因体内的印楝素致其死亡,取食的印楝素越多,死亡越早;注入构树体内的印楝素对接入的正常生长的桑天牛幼虫也有很好的毒杀作用。试验结果为注射印楝素引诱树防治桑天牛的方法提供了理论依据。     

利用管氏肿腿蜂和诱饵植物控制天牛的试验

2009-2010年进行了利用管氏肿腿蜂Scleroderma guani和诱饵植物控制天牛的林间试验.结果表明,释放管氏肿腿蜂防治柳树上星天牛和光肩星天牛,2009年受害株率下降38.69％,而2010年却上升4.1％.在种植复叶槭引诱光肩星天牛和星天牛保护柳树的试验中,2a中复叶槭平均诱虫数为2.9头/株,受害株率呈现先降后升的趋势,2009年柳树受害株率从37.14％降低到28.00％,但2010年柳树株受害率反而上升至67.00％.在种植构树引诱桑天牛保护西府海棠的试验中,构树平均诱虫数为37.9头/株,2009年和2010年西府海棠的受害株率分别为71.04％和93.60％.在种植白蜡树引诱云斑天牛保护柳树的试验中,白蜡诱集的云斑天牛成虫数平均为55头/株,柳树的受害株率从43％下降至30％.比较经药剂处理和人工捕捉的诱饵植物诱集的天牛数量,喷施高效氯氰菊酯微胶囊剂后诱饵植物所诱集的天牛成虫数量明显少于人工捕捉到的数量,但药剂处理仍不失为一种可行的处理方法.     

斑啄木鸟及诱饵树防治桑天牛效果的研究

通过两年对斑啄木鸟啄食桑天牛越冬幼虫的系统观察表明，在斑啄木鸟种群密度约为０．３７～０．５５只／ｈｍ２时，其平均啄食率可达２４．７１％，啄食高峰期在１月份。用栽植构树饵树诱杀桑天牛成虫的方法，两年后使试验林有虫株率下降了５１．３％～８４．８％，取得了良好的效果     

斑啄木鸟及诱饵树防治桑天牛效果的研究

通过两年对斑啄木鸟啄食桑天牛越冬幼虫的系统观察表明，在斑啄木鸟种群密度约为０．３７￣０．５５只／ｈｍ＾２时，其平均啄食率可达２４．７１％，啄食高峰期在１月份。用栽植构树饵树诱杀桑天牛成虫的方法，两年后使试验林有虫株率下降了５１．３￣８４．８％，取得了良好的效果。     

萧氏松茎象林间防治试验

采用除草清杂处理1a后，1年1次和1年2次处理校正虫口减退率分别为39．98％和51．33％，有虫株率与对照三者之间有显著差异，处理2a后，三者之间的有虫株率有极显著差异，1年2次处理效果较好，2a后，有虫株率减退率42．30％。人工挖虫防治后1a有虫株率极显著下降，校正有虫株率减退率为78．28％，2a后持续效果达75．45％。     

印楝提取物对桑天牛产卵量及卵孵化率的影响

使用一定浓度的印楝提取物 (NeemEC)处理的构树枝条作为天牛的食物 ,研究了其对桑天牛产卵量及卵孵化率的影响。在室温下 ,将成对的天牛放在盖有铁砂网的直径 2 5cm高的塑料桶中进行实验。用含印楝素 50× 1 0 -6g/mL的印楝提取物处理枝条 ,处理组天牛 ( 7对 )在 1 5d试验中 ,其每天对平均产卵量为2 0 0± 1 56个 ,而对照组每天平均产卵量为 1 0 33± 3 33个。经T—检验处理组与对照组之间差异显著。用含印楝素 1 0 0× 1 0 -6g/mL的印楝提取物处理枝条 ,在 1 5d试验中 ,处理组 7对天牛从第 5d开始死亡 ,至第 8d全部死亡 ,按实际成活天数计算 ,其每天每对平均产卵量为 1 0 0± 1 4 1个 ,而对照每天每对平均产卵量为 1 3 73± 2 90个。经T—检验两者之间差异显著。取食含印楝素 50× 1 0 -6g/mL的印楝提取物处理枝条后天牛产的卵需经 1 9d达到其最终孵化率 ,33 33% ;而对照组 9d达到最终孵化率 98 96%。在进行了 2 4d的选择取食试验中含印楝素 1 0 0× 1 0 -6g/mL的印楝提取物处理枝条 ,1 0对对照组天牛每天每对平均取食量为 3 53± 0 38g,而处理组天牛每天每对平均取食量 3 4 2± 0 60 g。经T—检验两者差异不显著。这说明桑天牛不能分辩含印楝提取物的食物 ,即印楝提取物对桑天牛不具拒食性。     

利用诱饵树监测两种天牛成虫发生期的研究

利用天牛成虫期需要进行补充营养的特性，采用构树为诱饵树引诱桑天牛，棠梨为诱饵树引诱云斑天牛来监测两种天牛成虫发生期。结果表明，桑天牛在山东省沂南县出现的始盛期、高峰期、盛末期分别在７月上旬、中旬和下旬。云斑天牛在湖北省嘉鱼县分别在４月２２～２６日，４月２６～３０日和４月３０日～５月４日。     

利用诱饵树监测两种天牛成虫发生期的研究

利用天牛成虫期需要进行补充营养的特性，采用构树为诱饵树引诱桑天牛，棠梨为诱饵树引诱云斑天牛来监测两种天牛成虫发生期。结果表明，桑天牛在山东省沂南县出现的始盛期、高峰期、盛末期分别在７月上旬、中旬和下旬。云斑天牛在湖北省嘉鱼县分别在４月２２－２６日，４月２６－３０日和４月３０日－５月４日。     

甲维盐注干剂对泰宁林间松墨天牛种群动态的影响

为研究3%甲维盐·阿维菌素注干剂施用后对福建省泰宁县松墨天牛种群数量的变化和繁殖的影响,2019—2021年,应用诱木和诱捕器诱集监测方法,持续3年监测林间试验地内松墨天牛成虫种群动态和松枯死树数量。结果表明,注干施药处理后诱木段上松墨天牛的羽化率仅为6.71%,而未施药处理的羽化率为48.85%;3年持续监测发现,注药区和对照区松墨天牛种群数量和松枯死树数量存在显著性差异,注药区松墨天牛种群数量和松枯死树数量呈明显下降趋势;3%甲维盐·阿维菌素注干施用不影响林间松墨天牛的产卵行为,但可显著降低卵的孵化率,影响幼虫发育和繁殖羽化,有效降低松墨天牛的种群数量,同时又可保护松树,降低松枯死树数量,可在实际防治中推广和应用。     

桑天牛诱饵技术研究及应用

１９９４～１９９５年,在野外进行了桑天牛成虫飞行距离、诱饵树设置位置、诱饵树根部施药毒杀成虫以及不同被害程度杨树林分利用诱饵法防治效果的研究。结果表明,成虫最远可飞行到２５００ｍ处的食物上取食,以在２５０～５５０ｍ间较多。诱饵树设在林外低矮植物间的引诱效果为设在林内的３１倍。林内诱饵树越高,引诱效果越好。诱饵树根部施入铁灭克２４０ｇ／ｍ２,在１５～２１天内对成虫的毒杀效果达６４０％～８６７％。利用诱饵树诱集成虫进行人工捕杀,可使林内有虫株率由原来的２７７％～９４８％,下降到５４％～５９４％。     

核桃小吉丁虫生物学特征及防治技术

核桃小吉丁虫是核桃树的主要害虫之一。在陕西商州区调查,有虫株率高达20-30%、严重的高达70%以上,主要危害核桃的枝条。幼虫蛀入1-3年生枝干皮层。枝条受害后,常表现枯梢,树冠变小,产量下降,甚至整株死亡。采用林业防治,生物防治,化学药剂防治等综合防治技术,防治效果显著。     

MG复合不育剂防治棕背(鼠平)的研究

研究了MG复合不育剂对棕背Clethrionomysrufocanus数量控制及对林木危害防治效果。 4月上旬在林地投放MG复合不育剂药物饵料 ,秋季 10月份棕背数量与对照地相比较降低 70 %以上 ,第二年仍保持较低的数量水平 ;使林木被害率降至 1%以下 (对照地 6 %～ 10 5 %) ,达到了理想的防治效果。MG复合不育剂药物饵料对棕背有较好的适口性。     

Estimating risks for spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus (L.)) damage using pheromone‐baited traps and trees

The risk for damage associated with spruce bark beetle attacks on living trees was estimated in 12 forest districts in the Nordic countries during three years. Pheromone‐baited traps and trees were used. Five groups of three traps were deployed annually on fresh spruce clear‐fellings in each district. The mean catches within districts and years ranged from 950 to 46000 beetles per trap group. The standard error averaged 15 % of the mean catch. One tree was baited annually at each of five other sites in each district. The mean number of trees colonized by Ips typographus in each district and year ranged from 0 to 5 per site. The standard error was high, averaging 44% of the mean. Inventories of tree mortality within the districts yielded values ranging from 0 to 150 killed trees per km of spruce forest edge. There was a strong linear correlation between mean catches in traps and log‐transformed tree mortality (r=0.82). The correlation between colonization success at tree‐baiting sites and tree mortality was weaker (r=0.59), owing to one deviant observation. The results indicate that pheromone traps and baited trees may be used to assess the risk for damage caused by Ips typographus.     

栗山天牛研究进展

栗山天牛Massicus raddei是近年来在我国东北林区危害严重的钻蛀性害虫,主要危害25 a生以上的辽东栎、蒙古栎等栎属树木。文章综述了栗山天牛的分布、寄主、危害、发生与环境的关系及预测预报和防治技术,为其综合治理和后续研究提供参考。最后,阐述了以生物防治为主的栗山天牛综合防治技术。     

Seasonal variability of sex-ratio in<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Ips typographus</Emphasis> (L.) pheromone traps in a multivoltine population in the Southern Alps

The aim of the study was to monitor the seasonal variation in the sex-specific responses of Ips typographus to a commercial pheromone in relation to the two generations per year occurring in the Southern Alps. The study was carried out over 2 years (2000–2001). Each year, 15 Theysohn traps were baited with Pheroprax. Traps were emptied weekly and the number of beetles determined. In the same forest each year, three spruce logs were set up at the beginning of spring for natural colonisation by Ips typographus and then put in breeding boxes. All adults emerging from the logs or found in the traps were counted and a subsample sexed by genital extraction. Spring captures were always higher than summer captures (second generation). Similarly, the proportion of trapped males was always higher in spring than in summer. Except in the first and second week, the number of females was higher than males. During the first 3 weeks of monitoring, the number of trapped males dropped from above 50 to about 30%. Thereafter, the sex ratio was constant over time, about 33% males. In contrast to trap catches, about 50% of adults emerging from the breeding logs were males. The low proportion of males in traps depends both on discrimination (they avoid strong sources of male pheromone) and on differential mortality of the sex over time. As the pioneer beetles in I. typographus are males, their number is highest in the first part of the flight period when they search for suitable host trees. Such a search can be lethal for several males, decreasing the sex ratio.     

间伐强度对云南松中龄低产林分结构的调整研究

2008年通过对禄丰村林场徐家山林区具有代表性的25 a生塘播云南松人工用材林进行本底调查,依据云南松的林分密度、林木平均胸径、云南松单株林木平均占据的面积和云南松的枯立木百分比等判断该林分为云南松的劣质低产用材林,确定抚育间伐是该林分改造的主要措施。选择相似立地条件的林地,在同一坡向(SE)分别以1 hm2为间伐单位,设置4个研究区,分别设为3块样地及1块对照样地,以研究区内原有林木株数控制进行间伐,间伐的强度样地分别为40%(样地1)、30%(样地2)、20%(样地3)和0%(对照),每个研究区选择林木生长均匀的900 m2(30 m×30 m)作为长期调查研究的标准样地。间伐结束进行第2次调查,1年后进行第3次调查。结果表明:处理1～3间伐前后林木胸径与对照相比,无论其平均值、最小胸径或林木的胸径集中分布范围的下限,均得到了明显的提高,胸径分布较为均匀。云南松的林分质量也相应的得到了提高,达到了间伐的效果。对照样地仅实施下层灌草清理和对部分天然更新的阔叶树伐除,故其云南松林木株数的胸径仍呈左偏态分布,胸径分布极不均匀,林木胸径的分布仍处于自然松散的状态。云南松间伐后,不但林木的胸径得到了普遍的提高,其平...     

山核桃新害虫深褐拟叶螽的危害及防治

首次报道深褐拟叶螽在山核桃上的危害。2007—2010年,对危害山核桃的深褐拟叶螽进行野外调查并定株观察,同时开展防治试验。深褐拟叶螽严重危害的林分被害率高达100%,被害次年基部以上枝干死亡的林木达95%,被害3年后整株死亡率达到25%,严重影响山核桃幼林生长。通过使用冬季刻杀卵、伐除林缘算盘子,以及在5月中旬、7月中旬各使用1次3%高效氯氰菊酯微囊悬浮剂等措施进行综合防治,当年冬季该虫有虫株率下降为8%,平均每株卵量下降为4.5粒,次年林分基本恢复正常,完全控制该虫危害。     

松材线虫病综合治理技术及成效

采取专业公司3年承包机制对广东省龙眼洞林场松材线虫病进行治理,由监理单位监理,治理公司实施防治.技术措施采用综合防治法,进行检疫封锁、清除病死树、应用引诱剂和诱木剂诱杀天牛成虫、林间喷洒虫线清等,通过6年来的综合治理,发生面积逐年减少,病死树逐年下降,病死树率由2005年的25.79‰下降到2010年的0.86‰,疫情...     

Management and yield prediction of Kunugi (Quercus acutissima) grazing forests

This study deals with grazing in kunugi (Quercus acutissima) forests in the Aso district of Kyushu Island in southwest Japan. These forests are managed for production of bed-logs for shiitake mushrooms and cow-calf farming. One of their characteristics is short-term rotation such as 10–15 years for bed-logs and a year for calf production. A forest grazing experiment was begun in Minamioguni to look at forest growth, vegetation change and grazing intensity. Stem densities dropped in a few years. After sprout cutting, they also dropped gradually, then stabilized. Although grazing caused tree damage and suppressed tree growth, grazing intensity of up to 150 cow-days/ha·year did not harm forest regeneration. Herbage volume decreased as grazing was repeated and trees grew. Another investigation of kunugi grazing forests in Minamioguni and Asaji showed the correlation betweenRy (yield index in Stand density diagram) and grazing capacity could be expressed with a regression equation. The results were also used to design a yield table for kunugi grazing forests. The yield table has items ofRy and grazing capacity in addition to usual yield table items, and can indicate timber yield and grazing capacity at the same time. The table estimates that proper grazing capacity is 60–80 cow-days/ha·year in wild grass sites. In the light of these results, an optimal management plan was proposed as a diagram integrating stem density, forest yield, and forest management.     

华北落叶松林角尺度研究

根据承德塞罕坝机械林场各个分场华北落叶松林分内林木的角尺度研究,对林分设置4个间伐强度处理,其密度分别为225株/hm2,600株/hm2,900株/hm2,1350株/hm2。结果表明,在极强度间伐区(A)、强度间伐区(B)和中度间伐区(C)中林分内的林木分布在角尺度为0.25的频率较高,角尺度均值都小于0.475,林分呈均匀分布。弱度间伐区(D)和对照区(E)的角尺度为0.75,所占的比例较大,角尺度均值分别为0.477和0.5,林分呈随机分布。针阔混交林和针叶混交林分内的角尺度均值分别为0.3929和0.25,林木分布较均匀。