共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 48 毫秒
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作者对南亚(印度)夏季风爆发作了统计动力分析,即将南亚夏季风爆发前后的高低层风场看作一个整体,并以南亚夏季风爆发日为基准,作了经验正交函数(矢量)分析,得到了以下结论:偏差风场的第一模态反映了季风爆发前后大规模的风系变化,其时间系数直接体现了南亚夏季风的爆发,在爆发日前后该模态反映的偏差风系有剧烈变化,这表明季风爆发时大气环流有突变发生;第二模态反映了具有5~7天振荡周期的中纬天气尺度波系及其对低纬季风区的影响;第三模态反映了热带、副热带地区呈准双周振荡的低频扰动. 相似文献
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孟加拉湾季风爆发对南海季风爆发的影响Ⅰ:个例分析 总被引:11,自引:4,他引:11
利用南海季风试验分析场和NCAR向外长波辐射通量(OLR)资料研究了1998年孟加拉湾季风和南海季风爆发期间副热带环流的大尺度和天气尺度特征,探讨了孟加拉湾季风爆发与南海季风爆发之间的物理联系及孟加拉湾季风气旋的对流凝结潜热释放对副热带高压“撤出”南海的影响。结果表明,1998年5月爆发的东亚季风展现出典型的从孟加拉湾地区东传发展到南海地区的过程。随着孟加拉湾季风爆发和对流活动增强、北移,南海北部出现了低层西风和对流活动,领先于副热带高压在南海地区减弱和撤退。结果还显示南海北部地区的对流凝结加热有助于该地区经向温度梯度的反转,在热成风关系的制约下南海上空副热带高压脊面的垂直倾斜由冬季型转向夏季型,季风爆发。 相似文献
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南海西南季风爆发日期及其影响因子 总被引:34,自引:6,他引:34
利用1950~1999年NCEP全球格点日平均资料,在总结南海西南季风爆发前后850 hPa大气环流特征的基础上,提出了一个较为客观的确定南海西南季风爆发日期的大气环流方法.在与1980~1991年其他多种指标确定的爆发日期比较后,作者认为该大气环流方法所确定的爆发日期基本合理,并给出了1950~1999年各年南海西南季风爆发的日期.通过合成对比分析和相关分析发现,前期热带太平洋地区海温异常分布是影响南海西南季风爆发早晚的重要因素.菲律宾以东洋面海温偏高,赤道太平洋中部偏东地区海温偏低,可以使低层西太平洋副高减弱、高层中东太平洋洋中槽加深,印度洋热带地区偏西风偏强,印度洋-太平洋热带地区Walker环流偏强,为热带对流在孟加拉湾-南海地区发展提供了有利的环境.在孟加拉湾南部偏西气流的作用下,南海地区对流活动较为容易发展起来,低层较弱的西太平洋副热带高压也容易较早地撤出南海上空,使得南海西南季风较早爆发.反之亦然. 相似文献
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本文利用1983~1992年的NCEP资料.对南海夏季风爆发做经验正交函数分解,分析了主要模态的时空变换特征。结果表明:太阳辐射北移,是南海夏季风爆发的最重要的因素。南海夏季风爆发前后,在典型季风区850hPa上东西风有一次重大调整。南半球中高纬西风带槽脊振幅的增强和北半球副热带系统经向环流的加大是南海夏季风爆发的重要原因。西太平洋副高的迅速减弱东撤,导致南海夏季风的爆发。 相似文献
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利用多年的海洋船舶、岛屿站和沿岸站观测记录及卫星观测的高反射云(HRC)资料,揭示南海西南季风爆发和建立时期的环流特征及要素变化。在南海,西南季风爆发的平均时间为5月中旬,北部略早(5月12日),南部略迟(5月20日),但年际差别可达一个月左右。伴随着西南季风的爆发,南海云量和降水量增多,对流加强,但海区之间具有很大的不均匀性。西南季风建立以后,强对流区稳定于南海中部,季风雨带没有明显的跳跃现象。西南季风爆发之前,南海表层温度迅速升高,其开始时间较季风爆发约提前一个月,海面水温的升高为季风爆发提供了热量和水汽条件。4-5月,南海海面热交换分量(海面吸收的太阳辐射、潜热输送等)发生明显的改变,特别是潜热交换和蒸发量明显增大,它可能是西南季风首先在南海爆发的原因之一。 相似文献
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孟加拉湾季风爆发对南海季风爆发的影响Ⅱ:数值试验 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
通过数值试验研究了孟加拉湾季风爆发期间该地区旺盛的对流凝结加热对南海季风爆发和副热带高压“撤出”南海的影响,结果证明在孟加拉湾地区引入模拟的对流凝结潜热使该地区出现了强烈的上升运动,引起了孟加拉湾季风的爆发。同时由于对凝结加热的非对称Rossby响应,在南海北部导致西风出现和增强及垂直上升运动。因低层水汽平流的共同作用下,在南海北部引起了对流的发展。而正是南海北部的凝结加热促使南海地区温度经向梯度逆转,使副热带高压脊面的倾斜从冬季型转为夏季型,即低层的副热带高压减弱南移。最后当对流在南海地区发展起来时,副热带高压移出南海地区。 相似文献
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在统计分析1949~1998 年资料的基础上,研究了厄尔尼诺现象与南海季风爆发及热带风暴活动的相互关系。分析表明:厄尔尼诺现象易导致南海季风较早爆发且不利于热带风暴的活动,对进行早期南海季风的爆发时期和热带风暴的多寡预报有指示意义。 相似文献
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中南半岛与南海热力差异对南海季风爆发的影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
利用1958-1998年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和1975-1998年OLR资料,分析了中南半岛与南海热力差异的季节和年际变化特征,以及这种热力差异对南海季风爆发的影响.结果表明,中南半岛与南海热力差异存在明显的季节变化,从第3候歼始,感热加热的作用使中南半岛地表温度高于南海并一直持续到第25候,之后,中南半岛与南海热力差异发生逆转,这种逆转是由于第22-23候出现在中南半岛的对流及降水造成中南半岛地表温度降低所致.进一步研究指出,中南半岛与南海热力差异的上述季节变化特征还表现出最著的年际差异,这种年际差异对南海季风的爆发有着重要影响.首先,上述热力差异的逆转是南海季风爆发的一个必要条件:1958-1998年,逆转时间均早于(或等于)南海季风爆发时间;其次,中南半岛地表温度高于南海的持续时间与南海季风爆发日期之间呈显著正相关,即中南半岛地表温度高于南海的时间越早、转为低于南海的时间越迟,则南海季风爆发越迟. 相似文献
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HE Jinhai ZHAO Ping ZHU Congwen ZHANG Renhe TANG Xu CHEN Longxun ZHOU Xiuji 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2008,22(4):419-434
Based on NCEP/NCAR gridded reanalysis, TRMM precipitation data, CMAP, and rainfall observations in East China, a study is conducted with focus on the timing and distinctive establishment of the rainy season of the East Asian subtropical monsoon (EASM) in relation to the South China Sea (SCS) tropical summer monsoon (SCSM). A possible mechanism for the EASM is investigated. The results suggest that 1) the EASM rainy season begins at first over the south of the Jiangnan region to the north of South China in late March to early April (i.e., pentads 16-18), and then the early flooding period in South China starts when southerly winds enhance and convective rainfall increases pronouncedly; 2) the establishment of the EASM rainy season is earlier than that of its counterpart, the SCSM. The EASM and the SCSM each is featured with its own independent rain belt, strong southwesterly wind, intense vertical motion, and robust low-level water vapor convergence. The SCSM interacts with the EASM, causing the EASM rainy belt to move northward. The two systems are responsible for the floods/droughts over the eastern China; and 3) in mid-late March, the eastern Asian landmass (especially the Tibetan Plateau) has its thermal condition changing from a cold to a heat source for the atmosphere. A reversal of the zonal thermal contrast and related temperature and pressure contrasts between the landmass and the western Pacific happens. The argument about whether or not the dynamic and thermal effects of the landmass really act as a mechanism for the earlier establishment of the EASM rain belt is discussed and to be further clarified. Finally, the article presents some common understandings and disagreements regarding the EASM. 相似文献
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利用NCAR/NCEP提供的1948—2003年5月标准等压面的月平均风场资料,对亚洲夏季风建立期间全球热带风场进行复EOF分析,揭示各模态的特点及其与亚洲夏季风建立之间的联系,确定各模态在亚洲夏季风建立期间的地位和作用。结果表明,第一模态反映了除赤道地区外的热带地区高层纬向二波异常和低层的信风异常。其时间系数与ENSO有较好的对应关系,20世纪60年代以后时间系数呈下滑态势,可能与全球变暖有关。该模态是ENSO模态。第二、三模态的空间场分别与南亚、南海夏季风的环流密切相关,其时间系数也与南亚、南海夏季风建立的早晚有较好的对应关系。这两个模态分别是南亚、南海夏季风模态。各模态均表现出准20 a的年代际变化,这与北太平洋主要气候模态PDO的年代际变化相同,各模态的年际变化也显著。 相似文献
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热带环流演变与南海季风爆发 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用1958-1997年的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了南、北半球中低纬环流的气候特征,并讨论了南海夏季风爆发与大尺度环流的关系。研究发现阿拉伯海经向环流管的上升气流和南半球纬向环流管的上升气流在5月份同时到达南海,经向环流管低层的偏西风和纬向环管低层的偏南风共同组成西南风,于是5月份西南季风在南海地区首先爆发。此外,由于青藏高原地形及各经度海陆分布的影响,造成太阳辐射加热不均,是热带夏季风爆发的直接原因,也是南海季风早于印度风爆发的重要原因。 相似文献
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The South China Sea Summer Monsoon(SCSSM) onset is characterized by an apparent seasonal conversion of circulation and convection. Accordingly, various indices have been introduced to identify the SCSSM onset date. However,the onset dates as determined by various indices can be very inconsistent. It not only limits the determination of onset dates but also misleads the assessment of prediction skills. In 2021, the onset time as identified by the circulation criteria was 20May, which is 12 days e... 相似文献
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《大气科学学报》2001,24(1):83-91
By using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data averaged over 40 years from 1958 to 1997,the climatic characteristics of the tropical circulation in the two Hemispheres are analyzed.The relations between the onset of the South China Sea(SCS)monsoon and the large-scale circulation are discussed.It is indicated that the updrafts of the Arabian Sea meridional cell tube and the south zonal cell tube arrive in the SCS at the same time in May,which brings strong convective precipitation.Meanwhile,the westerly of the meridional cell tube and the southerly of the south zonal cell tube combine together to form the southwesterly at the low levels,resulting in the onset of the SCS monsoon.The influences of the Tibetan Plateau and the land sea distribution at different longitudes cause the heating differences of solar radiation,which is the direct cause of the summer monsoon onset,as well as,the cause of the earlier onset in the SCS than in the Indian region. 相似文献
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利用NCEP再分析资料和OLR、SST观测数据, 研究了南海地区西南季风的多时间尺度变化特征, 对比分析了强弱西南季风年大气环流的差异.南海西南季风的强弱变化与海表面温度 (SST) 之间存在显著的相互作用, 年际或以上时间层次变化主要表现为南海西南季风强弱与东太平洋海温、南海-阿拉伯海海温存在显著负相关.对月季时间层次, 东太平洋海温变化对西南季风强度变化的影响仍起重要作用, 南海-阿拉伯海海温与西南季风之间相互作用不但表现为西南季风对海温的作用 (西南季风强 (弱) 导致后期海温降低 (升高)), 同时海温变化对西南季风也起相当重要的作用, 前期海温正 (负) 距平有利于西南季风增强 (减弱). 相似文献
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The South China Sea warm pool interacts vigorously with the summer monsoon which is activein the region. However, there has not been a definition concerning the former warm pool which is as specific asthat for the latter. The seasonal and inter-annual variability of the South China Sea warm pool and its relationsto the South China Sea monsoon onset were analyzed using Levitus and NCEP/NCAR OISST data. The resultsshow that, the seasonal variability of the South China Sea warm pool is obvious, which is weak in winter, developsrapidly in spring, becomes strong and extensive in summer and early autumn, and quickly decays frommid-autumn. The South China Sea warm pool is 55 m in thickness in the strongest period and its axis is orientedfrom southwest to northeast with the main section locating along the western offshore steep slope ofnorthern Kalimantan-Palawan Island. For the warm pools in the South China Sea, west Pacific and IndianOcean, the oscillation, which is within the same large scale air-sea coupling system, is periodic around 5 years.There are additional oscillations of about 2.5 years and simultaneous inter-annual variations for the latter twowarm pools. The intensity of the South China Sea warm pool varies by a lag of about 5 months as compared tothe west Pacific one. The result also indicates that the inter-annual variation of the intensity index is closelyrelated with the onset time of the South China Sea monsoon. When the former is persistently warmer (colder) inpreceding winter and spring, the monsoon in the South China Sea usually sets in on a later (earlier) date inearly summer. The relation is associated with the activity of the high pressure over the sea in early summer. Anoceanic background is given for the prediction of the South China Sea summer monsoon, though the mechanismthrough which the warm pool and eventually the monsoon are affected remains unclear. 相似文献