HEAT TREATING OF SINTERED Fe—1.5Mo—0.7C STEELS AND THEIR SLIDING WEAR BEHAVIOR

The influence of heat treating on mechanical properties as well as on the sliding wear behavior of sintered Fe-1.5Mo-0.7C steels was experimentally studied. The microstruc-tures of sintered steels change from upper bainite to martensite, tempered martensite, pearlite and lower bainite depending on the heat treating conditions. Heat treating increases the hardness of sintered steels but high tempering temperature, i.e. 700℃, causes the hardness to be even lower than that of the as-sintered ones. The impact energy of sintered steels increases with increasing tempering temperature and arrives the highest at 700℃, while the steels tempered at 200℃ have the highest transverse rupture strength. Austempering results in fair good overall properties, such as hardness, impact energy, and transverse rupture strength. When the sintered steels were austempered, oil-quenched or tempered below 400℃ after quenched, the wear coefficient becomes considerably lower. Fair high hardness, such as HV30 > 380, and structur     

新型贝氏体装甲钢的组织和力学性能

研究了高强度新型贝氏体装甲钢板热轧、低温回火和热轧、正火、低温回火及不同温度回火的组织和性能,测试了不同低温的冲击韧度和焊接接头的力学性能.结果表明,轧态、低温回火和正火低温回火钢板的组织为贝氏体铁素体和残余奥氏体组织,淬火低温回火钢板的组织为马氏体、贝氏体铁素体和残余奥氏体组织.不同状态的装甲钢板具有高的回火抗力、良好的强韧性及低温冲击韧度和焊接性能,及可作为车辆防护装甲.     

12Cr/30Cr2Ni4MoV异质接头低周疲劳性能

文中研究了12Cr/30Cr2Ni4MoV异质焊接接头的显微组织、显微硬度和室温低周疲劳性能. 结果表明,母材12Cr的显微组织是板条状回火马氏体,母材30Cr2Ni4MoV是板条状回火马氏体和粒状回火贝氏体,过渡层和焊缝的显微组织为粒状回火贝氏体,且焊缝由柱状晶区与等轴晶区交替构成. 30Cr2Ni4MoV比12Cr有更高的显微硬度,过渡层的硬度最低,热影响区的显微硬度梯度变化. 12Cr,30Cr2Ni4MoV和过渡层的低周疲劳性能表现为循环软化特征,焊缝循环初期硬化随后软化;过渡层的疲劳过渡寿命最高;12Cr与过渡层之间的熔合界面是整个异质焊接接头低周疲劳最薄弱环节;焊缝柱状晶区的晶界或亚晶界分布的第二相粒子与基体的不协调变性,容易萌生疲劳裂纹.     

显微组织对桥梁钢模拟海洋潮差区腐蚀行为的影响

对采用不同热处理工艺的桥梁钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中和人工海水中分别进行了极化曲线测量和周期浸润加速腐蚀试验,采用失重法和腐蚀产物分析研究了腐蚀演化规律。结果表明,经回火处理后,桥梁钢的组织由粒状贝氏体非平衡组织向回火索氏体平衡组织转变,晶粒细化、组织更为均匀,因此具有更好的耐腐蚀性能。经过640℃回火处理后的钢耐腐蚀性最佳。周期浸润腐蚀试验中的锈层能对钢基体起到一定的保护作用,但轧态粒状贝氏体组织钢外锈层中FeOOH的α/γ比较低、内锈层的α-Fe较高,锈层保护性较差。     

The Structure Stability of Carbide-Free Bainite Wheel Steel

Metallographic structures of carbide-free bainite steel wheel rim are mainly composed of supersaturated lath ferrite and retained austenite film among bainitic ferrite laths. It is suspected that supersaturated ferrite and retained austenite are likely to decompose under the influence of temperature change and mechanical stress. Stability of wheel rim structure is studied by means of x-ray diffraction, dye microscopy, and micro-hardness test. When the samples are tempered in the range of 150-350 °C, the retained austenite films are at the state of relative stability. Fifty percent of retained austenite is decomposed when the sample is tempered at 400 °C. Microhardness increases when the sample is tempered at 150 °C. The decrease in hardness is mild when the samples are tempered from 200 to 500 °C. The mechanical stability of retained austenite film is studied with tensile sample under the effect of tensile stress. The retained austenite appears to be stable in low and middle degree of deformation, and decomposition occurs at great amount of deformation. Diffraction peak of carbide is not found in all above experiments. The steel enriched silicon prevents the carbide precipitation during the transformation. It indicates the carbide-free bainite wheel steels have an excellent thermal and mechanical stability.     

Nb-V复合微合金化中碳非调质钢的连续冷却转变

利用Formastor-Digital膨胀仪测定了Nb-V复合微合金化中碳非调质钢的连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线),并测定了不同冷速下实验钢硬度的变化。分析了不同Nb、V含量对中碳非调质钢连续冷却转变的影响。结果表明,随着Nb、V含量的增加,相变点温度随之降低,并使得转变过程中珠光体、贝氏体转变区域变宽,组织中相应的体积分数增加。冷速在0.08~1℃/s时,组织主要为铁素体和珠光体;当冷速大于2.5℃/s时,开始发生贝氏体转变,随着冷速的进一步增加,贝氏体含量越来越多,并在5℃/s时出现马氏体组织。Nb-V复合微合金化实验钢受冷速的影响较大,随冷速的增大实验钢的显微硬度也随之提高。冷速分别在10℃/s和30℃/s时,硬度突然增大。     

氮含量对25Mn2CrVS贝氏体型非调质钢组织和性能的影响

研究了N含量(0.016wt%、0.029wt%和0.049wt%)对贝氏体型非调质钢25Mn2CrVS组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:3组试验钢均为板条贝氏体、粒状贝氏体和铁素体组织,当氮含量从0.016%增加到0.029%时,试验钢强度和韧性增加,组织发生细化,且板条束状贝氏体含量减少,M/A相由长条状变成块状且分布弥散,针状铁素体增加;而氮含量增加至0.049%时,试验钢强度基本不变,韧性急剧下降,组织明显粗化,晶界铁素体形成。固溶钒可以促进板条束状贝氏体在晶界上的形成,奥氏体中析出的VN能够促进针状铁素体的形成。     

Role of microstructure, composition and hardness in resisting hydrogen embrittlement of fastener grade steels

The degree of hydrogen embrittlement for several fastener grade steels has been determined. While microstructural alteration resulted in some improvement in resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, the overriding factor contributing to susceptibility of the steel was strength. The degree of susceptibility of the microstructures to hydrogen embrittlement, ranked in increasing order, is as follows: fine pearlite, bainite, tempered martensite. The effects of alloying were also assessed by comparing results from different fastener grade steels with similar microstructures. In most cases, the alloy chemistry had little effect, presumably due to trap saturation associated with this testing technique.     

含铜时效钢气体保护焊热影响区的组织与性能

研究了含铜时效钢气体保护焊热影响区的组织与性能。结果表明，在试验所用热输入范围内（1．2～2．3kJ／mm），含铜时效钢具有良好的焊接性能。焊接接头的拉伸强度同母材相比没有明显差异，且HAZ拉伸强度对热输入变化不敏感；焊接热影响区具有较高的冲击韧性，熔合线是HAZ中韧性最差的部位；和传统调质型船体用钢相比，含铜时效钢HAZ硬化和软化现象不明显；热输入对含铜时效钢粗晶区组织影响显著，随着热输入的增大，粗晶区组织由细板条贝氏体向粗大的粒状贝氏体转变。     

高速钢中贝氏体的二次硬化特征

研究了6-5-4-2高速钢中贝氏体和马氏体回火后的力学性能和组织结构。结果表明,贝氏体比马氏体具有更高的二次硬化效应以及抗回火稳定性和冲击韧性。透射电镜观察发现,马氏体在二次硬化峰温度范围回火时,有Fe_3C析出,而贝氏体铁素体和奥氏体中只析出弥散的MC和M_2C合金碳化物。这表明在贝氏体长大过程中存在合金元素的扩散。     

几种结构钢的回火贝氏体脆性

本文研究了15CrMnMoV,18Mn2CrMoB,18Cr2Ni4W,30CrMnSi,30CrMnSiNi2及40CrMnSiMoV等结构钢获得贝氏体组织后,于一系列温度回火时的组织与性能变化,重点探讨了回火贝氏体脆性的表现行为和形成机理。     

Influence of different heat treatments on corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels

The changes in microstructure, caused by different heat treatments, have considerable influence on the corrosion resistance of stainless steels. The heat treatment causes an alteration of carbide contained in steels. Changes in the constant B for these steels, (B = Rp · i_COR) have been observed in quenched, tempered and annealed conditions. Pitting corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels in quenched and tempered conditions in 0.1M H₂SO₄ by adding Cl^? ions has been investigated.     

38CrMoAl钢料筒淬火中发生开裂的分析

本文应用ＯＭ和ＳＥＭ对３８ＣｒＭｏＡｌ钢料筒在淬清水过程中发生纵向开裂进行了分析，并研究了它的显微组织。指出，集中分布的非金属夹杂物和微细孔洞以及较严重的成分偏析是导致料筒开裂的致命性原因。料筒心部的组织为回火粒状贝氏体＋回火马氏体＋少量铁素体，其表层区组织为回火粒状贝氏体＋回火马氏体。表层区由于冷却较快，组织相当细密。特别要指出的是，粒状贝氏体存在三种形状。     

钢的显微组织对Cd脆敏感性的影响

本文采用30CrMnSiNi2A钢在等屈服强度条件下对比不同显微组织与Cd脆的敏感性。结果表明,回火马氏体(M_T)的Cd脆敏感性最大,(M_T+B_L)混合组织次之,下贝氏体(B_L)最小。     

回火温度对热轧态高强度贝氏体钢管组织性能的影响

热轧态高强度新型贝氏体钢管具有较高强度,但冲击值较低,回火可以改善其冲击韧性。研究回火温度对热轧态高强度新型贝氏体钢管组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明:550℃以下温度回火,随回火温度提高,该新型贝氏体钢管的抗拉强度有降低趋势,但下降幅度不大;350℃以下温度回火,其冲击值随回火温度的提高而增加;400℃回火时冲击值降低,出现回火脆性;450℃以上温度回火时冲击值增加;250~350℃回火时钢管强度较高,550~650℃回火时韧性较高。400℃以下温度回火,该新型贝氏体钢管的组织均为板条贝氏体、粒状贝氏体、铁素体及残余奥氏体组织;回火温度超过500℃,残余奥氏体完全分解,组织为铁素体和粒状贝氏体。     

30CrNi4Mo钢的组织和冲击疲劳性能的研究

研究了30CrNi4Mo钢不同热处理的组织和冲击疲劳性能。结果表明,30CrNi4Mo钢正火低温回火的组织由贝氏体、马氏体和残余奥氏体组成,淬火低温回火组织为回火马氏体和残余奥氏体。正火低温回火的冲击疲劳裂纹形成寿命高于淬火低温回火和淬火高温回火的冲击疲劳裂纹形成寿命,淬火高温回火的冲击疲劳总寿命高于正火及淬火低温回火热处理的冲击疲劳寿命。分析了多冲击疲劳裂纹扩展的行为,讨论了正火低温回火冲击疲劳裂纹形成寿命较长及淬火高温回火提高冲击疲劳总寿命的原因。     

Effect of Ni Addition on Bainite Transformation and Properties in a 2000 MPa Grade Ultrahigh Strength Bainitic Steel

The effects of Nickle (Ni) addition on bainitic transformation and property of ultrahigh strength bainitic steels are investigated by three austempering processes. The results indicate that Ni addition hinders the isothermal bainite transformation kinetics, and decreases the volume fraction of bainite due to the decrease of chemical driving force for nucleation and growth of bainite transformation. Moreover, the product of tensile strength and total elongation (PSE) of high carbon bainitic steels decreases with Ni addition at higher austempering temperatures (220 and 250 °C), while it shows no significant difference at lower austempering temperature (200 °C). For the same steel (Ni-free or Ni-added steel), the amounts of bainite and RA firstly increase and then decrease with the increase of the austempering temperature, resulting in the highest PSE in the sample austempered at temperature of 220 °C. In addition, the effects of austempering time on bainite amount and property of high carbon bainitic steels are also analyzed. It indicates that in a given transformation time range of 30 h, more volume of bainite and better mechanical property in high carbon bainitic steels can be obtained by increasing the isothermal transformation time.     

低碳锰钢强韧化机制的研究

在实验室对低碳锰钢进行了控轧控冷试验.利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜等测试手段,对试验结果进行了研究.结果表明,具有铁素体和贝氏体复相组织的低碳锰钢具有较高的强度和良好的韧性.贝氏体相变强化对低碳锰钢屈服强度的贡献可达30%,贝氏体铁素体板条的细化和铁素体亚晶的存在可以降低碳锰钢的脆性转变温度.具有铁素体和贝氏体复相组织的低碳锰钢除了固溶强化之外,主要强化机制为细晶强化和贝氏体相变强化.     

Effect of copper additions on the isothermal bainitic transformation in hypereutectoid copper and copper-nickel steels

During the isothermal bainitic transformation in hypereutectoid steels alloyed with copper or copper and nickel, it was found that at all the transformation temperatures studied, the formation of equally copper supersaturated bainitic ferrite and cementite always occurred. This observation implies the formation of bainitic ferrite and cementite from the parent austenite phase without redistribution of the alloying elements, since the solubility of copper in cementite is negligible and very low in bainitic ferrite. By carefully designing suitable tempering treatments, it is possible to produce copper precipitation not only within tempered bainitic ferrite in both types of steel using low tempering temperatures, but also within the tempered bainitic cementite of the copper steel at higher tempering temperatures. The interpretation of these experimental data strongly supports the theory that bainite formation is promoted through a shear controlled type of mechanism.     

Microstructure Control of Non-quenched and Tempered CT80 Grade Coiled Tubing Steel

Complex working condition of coiled tube(CT) steel demands high strength and low ratio of yield strength(YS) to tensile strength(TS). Reasonable microstructure control is a key problem of CT steel. Controlled rolling and controlled cooling experiments were carried out by two kinds of tested steels with different chemical compositions to develop the non-quenched and tempered CT80 steel. Mechanical properties of the tested steels at different processes are all in good agreement with the properties requirement of CT80. Increasing of Mo and Nb contents improves transformation of acicular ferrite and martensite–austenite(M–A) islands. 4 vol% of fine M/A islands increase TS and decreases ratio of YS/TS. Cooling rate increasing also improves acicular ferrite transformation and enhances TS, but has little effect on ratio of YS/TS. To meet the requirement of high strength and low ratio of YS/TS, optimized complex microstructure of the CT80 steel is composed of acicular ferrite, about 30 vol% of bainite and 4 vol% of M–A islands.