天麻的药理作用及应用研究进展

天麻最早记载于《神农本草经》,临床价值显著,具有镇静、镇痛、抗惊厥、改善记忆等神经系统药理作用,对心血管系统和免疫系统等也有较为广泛的药理活性,在众多的中药方剂和制剂中都有其显著而确切的疗效.文章对其有效成分的药理作用和应用情况进行概述,以期为天麻的开发利用提供依据.     

天麻中酚类成分对心脑血管疾病的药理作用研究进展

天麻Gastrodia elata具有息风止痉、平抑肝阳、祛风通络的功效,含有天麻素、天麻苷元、天麻多糖等主要成分。总结了天麻中的主要酚类成分,阐明了天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、巴利森苷、香草醛等酚类成分对心脑血管疾病如缺血性脑损伤、血管性痴呆、缺血性心肌损伤、高血压、动脉粥样硬化、血凝血栓、炎症等的药理作用,探讨了天麻酚类成分通过抗氧化、调节功能性蛋白表达、抗凋亡、抗炎等机制治疗心脑血管疾病的作用机制,为天麻酚类成分的深入研究提供参考和依据。     

天麻的化学成分与药理作用研究进展

本文就化学成分,药理作用,药代动力学三个方面概述了天麻近些年来的研究进展.     

天麻药理作用研究进展

系统总结了近年来天麻药理研究的主要结果及最新进展，重点介绍了天麻镇静抗惊作用机理的分析和探讨及其药代动力学方面的研究结果，并指出了天麻药理研究中的某些疑点。     

大孔树脂富集天麻酚类成分的工艺研究

目的:通过大孔树脂富集纯化天麻酚类成分,为天麻酚类成分的开发、利用提供基础.方法:以大孔树脂对天麻总酚、天麻素和4-羟基苯甲醇的吸附、解吸能力为考察指标,选出较优的大孔树脂型号,对上样条件、洗脱条件进行优化.结果:5种型号的树脂中HPD100型大孔树脂最适合天麻酚类成分的纯化富集.通过静态和动态吸附、解吸实验,确定最佳...     

天麻注射液药理作用研究

目的：探讨天麻注射液的药理作用,为临床应用提供依据。方法：分析天麻注射液的药理作用,并采用对照研究的方法,验证其药理作用。结果：观察组临床治愈6例,显效10例,有效15例,总有效率为91．17％,明显高于对照组70．59％的总有效率,组间对比差异具有统计学意义（χ^2=7．192,P〈0．05）。结论：天麻注射液具有镇静催眠、抗惊厥、镇痛、拮抗兴奋性脑神经递质对中枢神经的兴奋作用,应加强其药理研究,为临床推广提供依据。     

中药天麻药理作用特征及其真伪鉴别

目的探讨中药天麻药理作用特征及其真伪鉴别方法,并分析天麻在临床治疗的应用效果。方法回顾分析2017年开始应用中药天麻的鉴定过程,从中药来源、性状鉴定、显微鉴定与理化鉴别方面探讨中药天麻鉴定标准,分析总结中药天麻药理作用。同时通过纳入100例颅脑损伤患者,随机分成对照组与研究组,研究组予以天麻注射液,对照组予以香丹注射液,对比2组疗效。结果中药天麻发挥药理作用包括抗惊厥、抗眩晕、镇静、抗血小板聚集、抗心肌缺血、抗血栓形成、降低血压、延缓衰老以及增强免疫力;研究组治疗总有效率92. 0%,对照组治疗总有效率80. 0%,研究组治疗总有效率显著优于对照组(P 0. 05)。结论当前对于中药天麻的临床鉴定主要通过来源鉴定、药材性状鉴定、饮片性状鉴定、显微鉴定以及理化鉴定,且因中药天麻属于一类名贵的中药材,在临床应用中应掌握对中药天麻的鉴定标准、药理作用特征,对症下药。     

天麻有效成分分析及其抗心血管疾病药理作用研究进展

<正>天麻是一种兰科多年生草本植物,又名赤箭、神草、离母、定风草等,在我国属于一种较名贵的中药材。2020版《中国药典：一部》^[1]对天麻的描述为：性味甘、平,归肝经,具有息风止痉、平抑肝阳、祛风通络的功效,用于小儿惊风、癫痫抽搐、破伤风、头痛眩晕、手足不遂、肢体麻木、风湿痹痛等症。随着对天麻药理作用和应用价值的深入研究发现,天麻不仅对帕金森病、抑郁症等神经系统疾病具有很好的治疗作用,其主要活性成分对心血管也具有一定的保护作用,     

天麻的化学成分和药理作用

文章综述了近年来天麻的化学成分、药理作用及产品开发情况,便于对其进一步的开发与利用。     

近10年来天麻的药理作用及化学成分研究进展

天麻(Gastrodia elata Blume)是兰科天麻属多年生寄生草本植物,以干燥块茎入药,是我国常用的名贵中药材,具有息风止痉,平抑肝阳,祛风通络的功效。文献报道其具有益智、脑保护、镇痛、镇静催眠、抗癫痫、抗晕眩、降压、降血脂、抗氧化、保肝、抗肿瘤、增强免疫力等多种药理作用,含有酚类、有机酸、多肽等多种化学成分。综述其近10年来在药理作用及化学成分方面的研究进展,以期为天麻的深入研究提供参考依据。     

天麻及其成分对神经系统的作用

介绍了天麻及其成分的神经药理学作用及其临床应用的情况。     

勉县天麻发展前景之管见

本文回顾了勉县天麻的种植历史,阐述了天麻种植现状、优势与潜力,指出了存在问题与障碍,展望了发展前景,提出了对策与措施。     

勉县天麻发展前景之管见

本文回顾了勉县天麻的种植历史，阐述了天麻种植现状、优势与潜力，指出了存在问题与障碍，展望了发展前景，提出了对策与措施。     

贵州野生与栽培天麻种质资源的SSR分析

目的 对贵州省野生和栽培共24个天麻基因组DNA的遗传多态性进行分析,构建其SSR指纹图谱.方法 采用改良的CTAB法提取天麻基因组DNA,采用NTSYSpc软件进行UPGMA聚类分析和遗传相似度分析.结果 改良的CTAB法能够获得纯度和浓度较高的天麻基因组DNA,PCR扩增获得较清晰的SSR指纹图谱,UPGMA聚类可...     

The pharmacological effects of Salvia species on the central nervous system

Salvia is an important genus consisting of about 900 species in the family Lamiaceae. Some species of Salvia have been cultivated world wide for use in folk medicine and for culinary purposes. The dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, for example, has been used extensively for the treatment of coronary and cerebrovascular disease, sleep disorders, hepatitis, hepatocirrhosis, chronic renal failure, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, carbuncles and ulcers. S. officinalis, S. leriifolia, S. haematodes, S. triloba and S. divinorum are other species with important pharmacological effects. In this review, the pharmacological effects of Salvia species on the central nervous system will be reviewed. These include sedative and hypnotic, hallucinogenic, skeletal muscle relaxant, analgesic, memory enhancing, anticonvulsant, neuroprotective and antiparkinsonian activity, as well as the inhibition of ethanol and morphine withdrawal syndrome.     

Protective effects of several components of Gastrodia elata on lipid peroxidation in gerbil brain homogenates

Gastrodia elata (GE) Blume, a traditional herbal agent, has been used mainly in anticonvulsive treatment in Asia. Recently, extracts of GE were evaluated for their potential as neuroprotectives and antioxidants. This study was designed to examine the antioxidant effect of the ether fraction of the methanol extract (EFME) of GE along with its major constituents vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, hydroxybenzaldehyde and hydroxybenzyl alcohol. In experiment 1, gerbils were treated with EFME of GE at a dosage of 500 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. Oxidative stress was induced with H(2)O(2) or ferrous ion, and lipid peroxidation was measured. In experiment 2, oxidative stress was induced with various concentrations of H(2)O(2) or ferrous ammonium sulfate, and lipid peroxidation was measured. To compare the antioxidant potency, the inhibitory concentration 50% (IC(50)) was determined. EFME of GE reduced auto-peroxidation and H(2)O(2)-induced lipid peroxidation. However, it did not significantly reduce ferrous ammonium sulfate-induced lipid peroxidation. The order of antioxidation potency was as follows: hydroxybenzyl alcohol > vanillyl alcohol > vanillin > hydroxybenzaldehyde. In the case of hydroxybenzaldehyde, its antioxidant effect was more potent than that of melatonin. The excellent antioxidant effects of GE and its main constituents may have potential in the treatment of lipid peroxidation-associated neurological disease.     

六味地黄方对中枢神经系统疾病药理作用的研究进展

中枢神经系统疾病给患者和社会都造成了巨大痛苦，但是依旧缺乏令人满意的治疗方法。中枢神经系统处于神经内分泌免疫网络（NIM）之中，受到免疫系统以及内分泌系统的影响。中医“肾虚”的概念与NIM紊乱相关。六味地黄方常被用来治疗“肾阴虚”，其作用机制与NIM密切相关。六味地黄方在临床上也可以被用来治疗中枢神经系统疾病，不仅用于治疗阿尔兹海默症、帕金森症、脑卒中、围绝经期伴随的焦虑抑郁，更被应用于精神分裂症的治疗。总结了六味地黄方如何从神经系统、内分泌系统、免疫系统3个层次发挥了对中枢神经系统疾病的治疗作用，以期挖掘出六味地黄方在神经发育障碍疾病及其他中枢神经系统疾病的潜在治疗可能性。     

Some pharmacological effects of an ethanolic extract of Palisota ambigua on the central nervous system in mice

The present study investigates some neuropharmacological effects of an ethanol extract of the leaves of Palisota ambigua (Commelineae), a medicinal plant in Central Africa. Intraperitoneal administration of the extract induced hyperthermia and reduced the writhing response induced by acetic acid. In addition, the extract augmented the duration of sleeping time induced by sodium pentobarbital and delayed the onset of clonic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole. By contrast, the extract did not affect convulsions induced by maximal electroschock and picrotoxin.     

Some pharmacological effects of the ethanol extract of leaves of Annona diversifolia on the central nervous system in mice

In the present study we investigated some neuropharmacological effects of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Annona diversifolia (Annonaceae). Intraperitoneal administration of the extract delayed the onset of clonic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole and delayed the time in the ‘rota-rod’ and ‘swimming’ test. In addition, the extract augmented the duration of sleeping time induced by sodium pentobarbital. These results indicate that the ethanol extract of the leaves of A. diversifolia has depressant activity on the central nervous system. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.