黑曲霉两步法与化学氧化联合浸出花岗岩铀矿石

为了高效浸出花岗岩型铀矿石中的铀,采用黑曲霉两步法和化学氧化联合浸出,研究预培养时间、浸出时间和不同氧化剂及其用量对浸铀效果的影响。结果表明：黑曲霉两步法浸出时,采用预培养36 h的黑曲霉浸铀,浸出时间为72 h时,铀浸出率最高,为59.34%,随着预培养时间和浸出时间的延长,铀浸出率显著下降。加入MnO₂、NaClO₃和H₂O₂三种氧化剂对铀浸出率均有不同程度的提高,其中加入2.5%（与矿石质量比）的MnO₂时,浸铀效果最佳,铀浸出率最高可达74.09%,与未加氧化剂相比,铀浸出率提高了14.8%。     

~(60)Co γ射线对糖多孢红霉菌的重复诱变研究

糖多孢红霉菌963是60Co γ射线对糖多孢红霉菌M诱变筛选获得的具有抑菌活性的突变株。本实验采用60Co γ射线对糖多孢红霉菌963进行诱变,研究了重复诱变效应。结果表明,各个辐照剂量下,突变株963的致死率均低于出发菌株M。重复诱变后,菌株的形态变异率达24.1‰,比以M菌株作为出发菌株的单次诱变提高了4.8倍。实验获得了1株产物抑菌活性增强的突变株,其抑菌活性比菌株963提高了40%,正突变率为2.01‰,比单次诱变提高了20.36%。采用重复诱变的方法,总体变异丰富,菌株的形态变异率和正突变率显著提高,有利于提高诱变育种工作的筛选效率。     

氮离子注入生物絮凝剂产生菌的诱变效应研究

采用30 keV氮离子注入对生物絮凝剂产生菌进行诱变选育,研究低能氮离子对微生物的诱变效应.结果表明:FJ-7 菌株的存活率曲线为典型的"马鞍型"剂量.效应曲线.经5x1015 ions·cm-2 N 注入诱变处理,最终获得一株絮凝活性高、遗传稳定性良好的突变株NIM-192.其发酵产絮凝剂曲线表明,突变株NIM-192的菌体生长速度稍慢于原始菌株,但其絮凝活性一直高于原始菌株,絮凝率比原始菌株提高了34.26%.这很可能是离子注入菌体后所产生的生物学效应使得菌体合成更多的絮凝剂,导致絮凝活性的增强.     

N+和Ti+离子注入井冈霉素生产菌诱变筛选高产菌株的研究

利用N 和Ti 离子注入对井冈霉素生产菌株进行诱变选育,比较了出发菌株经过两种离子源注入后的诱变效应.初步探索使用金属离子和气体离子交替注入诱变方法,得到了较高的正突变率和突变增幅.用该方法诱变得到一株高产菌株B1-3,其产井冈霉素A组分的效价为21514,比出发菌株提高54.4%.经多次传代实验表明该菌株的遗传稳定性较好.     

离子束诱变选育高效降解有机磷农药菌株

采用~(12)C~(6+)离子束辐照诱变有机磷降解菌,结合选择性培养基初筛突变菌株,摇瓶复筛获得1株高效降解有机磷菌株LA-1,并对有机磷农药降解进行研究。结果表明:吸收剂量为150 Gy时诱变效果最佳,通过筛选和连续8代培养,获得稳定的突变菌株LA-1,其降解有机磷量为161.71 mg/L,较原始菌株解磷能力提高了2.89倍,当有机磷农药辛硫磷和氧乐果浓度分别为800μg/mL和400μg/mL时,菌株的降解率分别为93.5%和83.6%。突变菌株LA-1对有机磷农药具有良好的降解效果。     

用X射线荧光探矿法在文裕金矿找金的研究

X射线荧光探矿技术是金矿资源勘查工作中的一种新的手段。选定砷、镍、铁作指示元素对文裕金矿岩样进行X射线荧光测定,测定结果表明:可以通过对金的最优指示元素受激后所产生的特征X射线荧光强度的测定来实现间接找金的目的;同时还可为地质填图、矿床成因与构造活动的研究提供资料。     

X射线及电子束照射对非洲紫罗兰叶片外植体不定芽再生的影响

采用X射线（电子束能量8MeV）及9MeV电子束对两个品系（Mauve and Indikon）的非洲紫罗兰（Saintpaulia ionahta）组培苗叶片外植体进行辐照处理，研究其组织增殖、芽分化及叶片形态学变化。结果表明，40Gy的X射线照射能使Mauve及Indikon的外植体新鲜组织增殖倍数为27.3和26.3，相同剂量的电子束照射抑制组织增殖能力不如X射线照射，增殖倍数为49．7和27．4。低于20Gy的X射线和电子束照射诱发非洲紫罗兰叶片外植体增殖变化的规律不同于剂量高于20Gy的照射，呈先降低后升高趋势。100Gy的电子束辐照处理使Mauve及Indikon的芽形成率降为3．7％和11.3％，而100Gy的X射线辐照处理其芽形成率分别为7．5％和64．1％。就Mauve而言，60Gy的电子束辐照处理后畸形小苗百分比高达22．2％，相同剂量的X射线辐照处理后为14．8％；而对于Indikon，40Gy的电子束辐照可使畸形小苗百分比升至35．2％，该剂量条件下x射线的百分比仅为5．8％。因此，本研究发现非洲紫罗兰叶片的电子束辐照的诱变效果要优于X射线辐照。电子束辐照非洲紫罗兰Mauve及Indikon叶片组织的推荐最佳诱变剂量为40—60Gy。     

伽马射线辐射结合亚硝基胍诱变选育他克莫司高产菌株

为了选育稳定高产的他克莫司菌株,提高发酵水平,对他克莫司出发菌株采用450 Gy剂量的~(60)Coγ辐射诱变及3 mg/mL亚硝基胍(NTG)处理30 min诱变,并分别结合链霉素和庆大霉素进行抗性筛选。经选育获得一株高产、遗传稳定的他克莫司突变株FIM-17-17,该菌株的摇瓶发酵水平较出发菌株提高了65%。考察该突变株的稳定性,及树脂AB-8、D101、HT60、XAD16、HP20和XDA-8对发酵水平的影响,并在容量1 t的发酵罐进行中试发酵验证。结果表明,突变株FIM-17-17遗传稳定,且在发酵培养基中添加2%的D101树脂后,发酵水平又提高了29.8%,发酵罐中试发酵水平平均达1 319μg/mL。结果提示,利用~(60)Coγ射线辐射和NTG复合诱变能有效获得他克莫司高产菌株。     

碱性铀矿石电化学浸出技术初步研究

针对碱性铀矿石碱法常规浸出过程低价铀氧化速度慢的共性难题，设计了电化学氧化试验装置，并利用该装置进行了碱性铀矿石的电化学氧化浸出试验，考察了电解质、电极面积等因素对浸出效果的影响。确定了反应机理：矿石颗粒与阳极碰撞的过程中，快速失去电子，完成其氧化，从而实现了碱性铀矿石中铀的高效浸出。采用该技术处理碱性铀矿石，浸出率可达90%以上。     

重离子辐照诱变增强枯草芽孢杆菌纤维素降解能力

为了提高枯草芽孢杆菌纤维素降解能力,本实验从5株枯草芽孢杆菌中筛选出一株纤维素降解率较高的菌株作为出发菌株,利用12C6+离子束辐照诱变处理后,采用刚果红染色法进行初筛,通过测定纤维素降解率及内切葡聚糖苷酶活力进行复筛,对选出的高纤维素降解率菌株进行发酵条件优化。最终得到一株Bacillus subtilis CG-40-1突变株,其纤维素降解率为(53.07±0.75)%,较出发菌株提高了17.75%,并具有良好的纤维素降解稳定性。经过发酵条件优化,最终得到该菌株的最适发酵时间、温度和pH分别为120 h、45℃、6.5,纤维素降解率为(67.79±0.49)%,较未优化时提高27.74%。     

探伤加速器可调准直器的设计

本文基于6 MeV探伤加速器设计了照射野可调准直器，其主要由4个具有2自由度的准直块首尾交错布置而成，准直块采用厚43 mm的钨镍铁对无用X射线进行屏蔽。通过控制准直块纵向和横向驱动电机实现准直器开口自动调节，从而实现X射线照射野的自动调节，以满足工业探伤和工业CT对X射线源不同照射野的需求。准直块采用交错式设计实现了准直块排布在同一平面，使准直器结构紧凑，并有效减小了X射线的漏射。     

强γ辐照下Q235碳钢在甘肃北山地区地下水模拟液中的腐蚀行为

利用1.11×10¹⁶ Bq（30万Ci）高强度⁶⁰Co源γ辐照装置，对甘肃北山地区地下水模拟液中高放废物处置罐候选材料Q235碳钢进行了辐照腐蚀试验。采用水化学参数分析、称重、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱（EDS）和红外光谱（FT-IR）等技术手段，分析了辐照剂量（时间）对辐照腐蚀演化的影响规律，并与未辐照试验进行了对比。结果表明，在长时间强γ辐照下，模拟液辐照分解导致氧化性增强、pH值由弱碱性变为酸性、电导率下降明显，而未辐照的模拟液pH值和电导率未见明显变化；利用质量变化率计算得到的辐照腐蚀速率约为未辐照腐蚀速率的5.5倍，辐照明显加速了Q235碳钢的腐蚀。SEM-EDS和FT-IR分析表明，随着辐照剂量的增加，腐蚀层中出现泡状或针状产物，表面由致密变为稀疏；腐蚀层化学组成以Fe、O为主，含有不同相的羟基氧化铁（α-FeOOH和γ-FeOOH）和氧化铁（α-Fe₂O₃）。     

The selection and characterization of the mutants in bioflocculant bacteria C8 induced by 3 MeV helium ion irradiation

A 3 MeV He²⁺ beam was used to irradiate C8 (a flocculant-producing bacteria) with a fluence ranging from 10¹¹ to 10¹³ ions/cm². The effects on the survival ratio, TTC-dehydrogenase activity, flocculating activity and RAPD analysis are reported. The survival ratio curve caused by irradiation is proved to be “saddle-shaped”. Eleven mutants were obtained, all of which had a significant change in dehydrogenase activity and most showed a positive change in flocculating activity. RAPD measurements were used to analyse the DNA of mutants with a flocculating activity over 80%, which indicated that all their DNA had been changed by irradiation.     

Annealing Study on Neutron Irradiation Effects in Resonance Frequencies of Zircaloy Plates by EMAR Method

To develop the nondestructive hydrogen concentration measurement method for the irradiated zirconium alloy, the effect of neutron irradiation damage on acoustic properties obtained by the electromagnetic acoustic resonance (EMAR) method was investigated through annealing tests. It is confirmed that the recovery of irradiation damage begins at a lower annealing temperature than that in unirradiated coldworked materials. Unirradiated recrystallization-annealed materials did not show any change in acoustic properties or hardness during the additional RX annealing at 580°C, whereas the acoustic anisotropy (Δf) of the as-cold-worked unirradiated specimen was significantly increased. Four-cycle irradiation clearly decreased the shear wave velocity of the specimen by 1% compared to the RX-annealed specimen. In comparison with the wave velocity change, the acoustic parameters defined in this study are found to be less sensitive to irradiation damage. From the annealing study of the as-irradiated specimens to the RX condition, it is concluded that the absolute value of (Δf) increases by 0.1% and the frequency ratio (fl/fr) by about 0.006 as a result of the damage induced by the four-cycle irradiation in BWRs. These values are applicable to the relationships between the acoustic parameters and hydrogen concentrations of unirradiated materials as the correction factors to compensate the effects of irradiation damage.     

A measurement of the irradiation-induced creep of mixed carbide nuclear fuel

In the BR 2 reacior at Mol, Belgium, a measurement of the irradiation induced creep of mixed carbide nuclear fuel up to high burnup was carried out The dependence upon applied stress and burnup of 95% dense (U, Pu) C was measured within a temperature range between 500 and 720°C and at fission rates between 1.0−1.5 × 10¹⁴ f/cm³ s. The used irradiation device was a Confluent-type capsule that allowed a variation of stress as well as temperature during irradiation. The length changes of the fuel specimen were determined by means of the microwave cavity resonance method. The obtained creep rates are proportional to stress and burnup-independent. The irradiation creep rates are about one order of magnitude below those of mixed oxide fuel. The fission product swelling rate increased with burnup form initially 1.2 to 3.0 vol% per % burnup. At stress changes the fuel showed a transient swelling up to 0.2 vol%. The theoretical background of carbide irradiation creep is briefly discussed.     

Ion beam radiation effects in monazite

Monazite is a potential matrix for conditioning minor actinides arising from spent fuel reprocessing. The matrix behavior under irradiation must be investigated to ensure long-term containment performance. Monazite compounds were irradiated by gold and helium ions to simulate the consequences of alpha decay. This article describes the effects of such irradiation on the structural and macroscopic properties (density and hardness) of monazites LaPO₄ and La_0.73Ce_0.27PO₄. Irradiation by gold ions results in major changes in the material properties. At a damage level of 6.7 dpa, monazite exhibits volume expansion of about 8.1%, a 59% drop in hardness, and structure amorphization, although Raman spectroscopy analysis shows that the phosphate-oxygen bond is unaffected. Conversely, no change in the properties of these compounds was observed after He ion implantation. These results indicate that ballistic effects predominate in the studied dose range.     

Synchrotron micro-XRF study of metal inclusions distribution and variation in fused silica induced by ultraviolet laser pulses

Metal inclusions play critical roles in laser-induced damage for large fused silica optics. Here, the spatial distribution of sodium, aluminum, iron and copper in as-prepared samples is analyzed by synchrotron based X-ray fluorescence spectrometry microprobe system at the BL15U1 beam line at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The as-prepared fused silica samples are induced by 355 nm laser pulses with no, or low, or high fluences. The spatial resolution of the obtained elemental maps is up to 50 μm. Analysis of the elemental maps indicates that the distribution of metals has a close association with the laser fluence and pulses. The normalized fluorescence signal attenuation for metal inclusions corresponds to the laser fluence. The decrement of metals depends chiefly upon the fluence other than pulses of the incidence laser, which is most pronounced for iron and least for copper. The decrement is evident for high fluence laser irradiation, while the amount is negligible for low fluence laser irradiation. Among the four metals, iron concentration is suggested as the most destructive factor for optics lifetime, especially under high fluence irradiation. The quasi-periodic feature of elemental distribution is partly ascribed to laser intensity modulation induced by Fresnel diffraction.     

硝普钠对人A172胶质瘤细胞X射线诱导细胞周期改变的影响

Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated both in regression and progression of tumors due to its production by both tumor cells and infiltrating leukocytes. Ionizing radiation causes the regression of tumors, and can augment the production of NO by macrophages in vitro. The authors investigated the effect of X-ray irradiation on cell cycle of A172 human glioma cells pretreated with nitroprusside sodium (NPS), the NO donor.Human glioma A172 cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactive fetal calf serum in a 5 % CO2 incubator at 37 ℃. The experiment was performed in exponentially growing cultures.The cells in cell culture flasks treated with or without 1 mM NPS for 4 h. were irradiated to a dose of 4 Gy X-rays using 8MeV CL 2100C electron linear accelerator (Varian, USA) in General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area.After the irradiation, the cells were collected by trypsinization, washed with phosphate buffer solution, f1xed in 70 % ethanol, treated with RNase and the nuclei were stained with propidium iodide. The DNA content was evaluated using Becton Dickinson FACSCalibur and analyzed with UMCM cylchred cell cycle analyzer software.The cell culture medium was replaced after irradiation and cells were harvested 24h later, labeled with propidium iodide and analyzed by flow cytometry. After the 4 Gy X-ray irradiation, the cell cycle distribution of A172 glioma cells changed markedly, with increased percentage of G2/M cells and decreased of G0/G1 and S cells compared to control cells(Fig. 1 a, lb). The cells pretreated with 1 mM NPS 4 h displayed similar cell cycle distributions to those of the control (Fig. lc). But X-ray irradiated cells preincubated with 1 mM NPS showed different cell cycle distributions from those of unpretreated cells (Fig. 1 d).It was reported that NO or NO release agents were as effective as oxygen to radiosensitize hypoxic cells in vitro. It was also revealed that NO involved in the resistance to ionizing radiation by by-stander effects. The results in the present research demonstrated that NO donor inhibit A 172 glioma cell undergo cell cycle arrest following X-ray irradiation. Several studies have shown that p53 protein accumulates in the nuclei of cells exposed to ionizing radiation. Whether impairing p53 function involved in prevention of NO to cell cycle arrest induced by X-ray remained further investigation.     

Flower color mutants induced by carbon ion beam irradiation of geranium(Pelargonium × hortorum,Bailey)

In an attempt to elucidate the biological effects and underlying mutations involving flower color in ornamental plants following carbon ion beam radiation,shoots of geranium were exposed at dosages of 0,10,15,30,and40 Gy,and one flower color mutant was obtained.The morphological characteristics,physiological aspects,and DNA polymorphisms between wild-type and flower color mutants were analyzed.The colors of petal,peduncle,pistil,and stamen of the mutant displayed significant differences compared to those of the wild-type.Compared to the original plants,the total anthocyanin content in the petals of the mutant significantly decreased,resulting in a light pink petal phenotype.DNA polymorphisms detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis showed that the ratio of different bands between the wild-type and mutant reached up to 13.2%.The present study demonstrates that carbon ion beam irradiation is effective in inducing genomic variations,resulting in flower color geranium mutants within a relatively short period of time.Meanwhile,the developed flower-color mutants may be potentially used in future mutational research studies involving ornamental plants.