TC4钛合金低压真空渗氮处理

为了改善表面性能,对TC4钛合金在不同温度下进行低压真空渗氮处理。采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析了渗氮层的组织结构,测试了渗氮层的显微硬度和耐磨性。结果表明,TC4钛合金经低压真空渗氮处理后,可获得由表层Ti N和次表层Ti2Al N组成的改性层。温度较低时,表面形成氮化物数量较少,渗层较薄,硬度较低。随温度升高,氮化物数量增多,渗层厚度增加,硬度及耐磨性也随之增加,温度达820℃时,表面硬度可达1000~1100 HV,硬化层深度为50~60μm。温度继续增加,氮化物聚集长大,渗氮层开始变得疏松,硬度及耐磨性下降。     

基于正交试验法的热冲压SDCM钢渗氮工艺优化

通过设置不同的渗氮时间(8h、12h、16h)、温度(500℃、530℃)、气压(380Pa、480Pa)以及气体比(8∶1,6∶1/NH3∶Ar)等工艺参数来对热冲压SDCM钢进行离子渗氮实验。并通过对表面硬度、化合物层厚度、渗氮层深度、表面脆性、脉状组织评级以及表层物相组成等实验结果采用正交分析的方法确定出SDCM钢的最佳渗氮工艺。在实验结果优化分析过程中,表面硬度及脆性、脉状组织评级以及表层物相组成等实验结果的重要程度高于化合物层厚度和渗氮层深度。首先对每组试验结果进行单独的评级优化,然后综合不同实验结果的重要程度,通过正交分析中的直观分析方法来确定出SDCM钢最优的离子渗氮工艺。优化结果表明,在渗氮时间为12h,温度为530℃,压力为480Pa以及气体比为6∶1的工艺下SDCM钢渗氮层深度为300μm左右,白亮层厚度在7μm左右,表面硬度为1090HV,韧性相含量为51.2%,表面脆性较好没有出现渗层剥落的现象,此外,扩散层中只有少量细小的脉状组织出现。     

离子渗氮温度对W9Mo3Cr4V钢渗层组织及性能的影响

目前,国内外对搅拌头材料W9Mo3Cr4V钢离子渗氮表面改性研究不多。采用金相分析、显微硬度测量、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了离子渗氮温度对W9Mo3Cr4V钢搅拌头显微组织和性能的影响,从而得出制备高硬度耐磨氮化层搅拌头的合适的离子渗氮温度。结果表明:经离子渗氮的W9Mo3Cr4V钢搅拌头表层获得了主要由ε相(Fe3N)和γ’相(Fe4N)组成的均匀渗氮层,且随着从表面到基体距离的增加,渗氮层的硬度呈现平缓的硬度梯度分布;480~560℃范围内,随离子渗氮温度升高,渗氮层厚度不断增加,渗氮层硬度也不断提高;ε相(Fe3N)衍射峰随离子渗氮温度升高而逐渐降低,γ’相(Fe_4N)衍射峰则呈逐渐升高的趋势。渗氮层厚度ζ与渗氮温度T的关系满足ζ=3.85×108e-9 141/T·τ。     

弹簧用51CrV4钢渗氮层微观组织与摩擦性能分析北大核心CSCD

为提高弹簧用51CrV4钢表面的耐磨性能,对其进行不同时间和温度下的渗氮处理,实验测试其微观组织,硬度以及摩擦性能。研究结果表明:渗氮层形成了未被腐蚀的明亮化合物层,扩散层由于受到浸蚀作用而转变为黑色。基底只有一种α-Fe组织。渗氮处理后形成了γ-Fe4N相、CrN相等多个物相组织。随着渗氮时间的增加和渗氮温度的增加,渗氮层厚度表现出单调增加的变化规律。渗氮后试样硬度达到950 HV以上,相对于原始试样硬度发生了明显上升。经过450℃与20 h处理后获得最小磨损率和摩擦系数,此时试样形成了较为光滑的磨痕形貌,磨损程度很小,当硬度提高后可以获得更高的耐磨能力。当温度继续上升以及时间延长后,渗氮物发生了粗化的现象,引起表面硬度减小,最终降低了耐磨性。     

车轴钢表面渗氮/渗硫复合层的扭动微动磨损研究

通过对LZ50车轴钢表面进行渗氮/渗硫复合处理,在其表面形成渗氮/渗硫复合层。在对复合层进行表征的基础上,研究了复合层和基体在干态不同角位移幅值下的扭动微动磨损行为。结果表明:渗氮/渗硫复合层由ε-Fe2-3N,γ′-Fe4N,FeS和FeS2相组成;复合层改变了LZ50钢的扭动微动运行区域,使得混合区减小,滑移区向小角位移方向移动;由于高硬度的渗氮层支撑和渗硫层润滑作用,复合层的摩擦扭矩在部分滑移区和滑移区低于LZ50钢;与LZ50钢相比,复合层的磨损程度明显降低,在部分滑移区损伤轻微,在混合区和滑移区,复合层的损伤主要表现为剥层,磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。     

表面纳米化预处理对316L不锈钢渗氮层摩擦学性能的影响

为改善奥氏体不锈钢的表面硬度和耐磨性,采用超声滚压与离子渗氮复合工艺对316L不锈钢表面进行了表面强化处理。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、硬度计、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和能谱仪以及摩擦磨损试验机等测定了渗氮层的硬度、深度、含氮量和物相组成,研究了表面晶层组织结构对离子渗氮行为和渗氮层在润滑油条件下摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:直接渗氮和超声滚压/渗氮试样表层组织均由S、γ'、ε和Cr N相组成,渗氮层厚度均为20μm,直接渗氮层以S相为主,超声滚压后渗氮层以ε和γ'相为主,组织结构较为致密;超声滚压/渗氮层的平均渗氮含量是直接渗氮层的2.88倍,摩擦系数降低了0.04,显微硬度和耐磨性是直接渗氮层的1.15倍和2.76倍;超声滚压处理诱使316L不锈钢表面形成的纳米晶层组织结构增强了渗氮试样表面的催渗效能和对渗氮层的支撑强度,超声滚压后渗氮试样的表面耐磨性能最好。     

35CrMoA钢激光淬火-渗氮复合改性层微观组织及脆性

研究了气体渗氮层和激光淬火-渗氮层的相组成、微观结构、显微硬度及脆性。结果表明, 激光淬火-渗氮白亮层中ε-Fe₃N含量由14.74%增至69.45%, 而脆硬的ξ-Fe₂N含量由79.95%降至25.03%。表层的N含量降低, 渗氮层N浓度曲线降低趋势平缓, N的总扩散通量增加, 渗氮层厚度增加。激光淬火-渗氮层组织晶粒细小致密, 渗碳体分布在条状下贝氏体组织中, 硬度高的Cr₂N颗粒数目增加, 白亮层显微硬度值显著提高, 渗氮层脆断的临界压力由气体渗氮层的3 N提高到激光淬火-渗氮层的6 N。      

脉冲爆炸-等离子体技术处理对T8钢表层组织和性能的影响

采用脉冲爆炸-等离子体(PDP)技术对T8钢进行表面改性处理,电容分别为600,800,1000μF。采用SEM,XRD分析了PDP处理前后T8钢的表层组织和相结构的变化,利用显微维氏硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机研究了PDP处理前后T8钢的显微硬度和耐磨损性能的变化。结果表明:随着电容的增加,T8钢表面先发生光滑化,然后出现大量火山状熔坑,熔坑的出现是由PDP的能量和材料本身的不均匀性造成的。PDP处理使T8钢表面发生由马氏体α′-Fe向奥氏体γ-Fe的转变,并发生渗氮现象形成Fe_3N。T8钢改性层厚度随着电容的增加而增加,当电容为1000μF时,改性层平均厚度为68.27μm,其组织由柱状组织和细化组织组成。随着电容的减小,柱状组织厚度也减小。PDP处理后T8钢改性层显微硬度提高约2倍,耐磨损性能也明显改善,最高为基体的2.6倍。     

热处理工艺参数对13Cr11Ni2W2MoV渗氮组织及性能的影响

该文对13Cr11Ni2W2MoV不锈钢材料进行气体渗氮,用金相显微镜观察渗层氮化物组织形态,用显微硬度计检测渗层表面硬度,研究渗氮温度、渗氮时间、Kn值对渗层组织形态和表面硬度的影响。结果表明,渗氮工艺参数中,Kn值对渗层组织形态和表面硬度影响较大,当渗氮温度为600℃,Kn值降低到0.18,渗氮时间为8 h时,可获得完整、致密的渗层氮化物组织和890 HV的表面硬度,并且随着渗氮时间的延长,渗氮层厚度逐渐增加。     

表面机械研磨对H13钢表面性能的影响

使用表面机械研磨（SMA）方法处理H13钢表面使其表面获得一层变形层。采用SEM,TEM及硬度试验等检测方法对变形层的厚度、晶粒大小、截面硬度梯度和热稳定性等进行了分析;同时对H13钢在SMA处理前后的渗氮行为进行了比较。结果表明,经SMA处理后,H13钢表面形成了约10μm厚的变形层,变形层内的晶粒明显细化,并且这些晶粒具有较好的热稳定性;此外,可以大大提高H13钢渗氮的效率。     

37CrMoMn钢渗氮处理微观组织与性能研究

对37CrMoMn钢钻杆接头进行气体渗氮处理,采用光学显微镜（OM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、显微硬度计及磨擦磨损试验研究了渗氮层的显微组织、硬度及耐磨性能。结果表明：渗氮层厚达150μm,氮化形成的ζ-FezN相、ε-F-e3N相和Cr2N相等氮化物增强相,使表面硬度显著增加。渗氮层与基体材料相比摩擦系数显著降低,钻杆接头经过渗氮后,耐磨性提高了8倍。     

Significant acceleration of nitriding kinetics in pure iron by pressurized gas treatment

The effect of nitriding pressure on the formation of nitrides and the nitriding kinetics in pure iron were investigated by applying pressurized gas nitriding at 500 °C for 5 h. Increasing the nitriding pressure from 1 atm (conventional nitriding condition) to 5 atm significantly increased the nitrided layer thickness from about 210 μm to 1100 μm. Furthermore, it was found that the constituents of the compound layer can be controlled by changing the nitriding pressure. These improvements are related to the fast reaction rates and high inward diffusive flux of nitrogen during the pressurized gas nitriding.     

Influence of Processing Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of a Plasma Radical Nitrided SCM440 Steel

Plasma radical nitriding was performed to harden the surface of SCM440 steel for 1-10 h at temperature range of 450-550℃. This process involved the use of NH3 gas instead of N2 gas employed for the well-established plasma nitriding method. No compound layer was formed during this process except the experiment carried out at 500℃ for 10 h. The main phase produced in the diffusion zone was identified to be γ＇-Fe4（N, C）. A diffusion depth increased with increasing treatment temperature and time （up to about 250 μm）. The surface hardness of radical nitrided layer was about two times higher than that of the untreated surface. The tensile test was carried out to estimate the mechanical properties of surface-hardened SCM440 steel prepared at various plasma radical nitriding treatment time and temperature. The influence of radical nitriding treatment on the tensile strength of the specimen was found to be insignificant. The highest value of the ultimate tensile strength was obtained in the experiment carried out at 500℃ for 1 h. However, the elongation was greatly affected by the radical nitriding processing parameters. The maximum value of elongation, which is equal to about 18.1%, was also obtained under the condition of 500℃ for 1 h.     

Kinetics and wear behaviour of M50NiL steel plasma nitrided at low temperature

The quenched M50NiL steel was plasma nitrided at 460°C for different time to investigate the effects of the duration time on the microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance of the nitrided layers. The results show that the plasma nitrided layer depth increases with increasing nitriding time. The plasma nitrided layer includes only the diffusion layer without compound layer. The main phases in the nitrided surface layer are nitrogen expended α′-Fe and γ′-Fe₄N. The microstructure of the nitrided layer is refined. The wear resistance of the nitrided samples can be improved significantly by plasma nitriding. The sample nitrided for 4?h possesses the highest wear resistance, due to its relatively smooth surface and ultra-fine grains in the nitrided layer.     

Analysis of Gas Nitriding Characteristics Under Different Cold Hardening and Nitriding Pressure Conditions for Low-Carbon Low-Alloy Steel

Strength of Materials - A new approach to quick preparation of a nitrided case for low-carbon low-alloy steels was proposed. It is based on cold hardening and pressurized gas nitriding. The...     

Duplex surface treatment of AISI 1045 steel via plasma nitriding of chromized layer

In this work AISI 1045 steel were duplex treated via plasma nitriding of chromized layer. Samples were pack chromized by using a powder mixture consisting of ferrochromium, ammonium chloride and alumina at 1273 K for 5 h. The samples were then plasma-nitrided for 5 h at 803 K and 823 K, in a gas mixture of 75%N₂ + 25%H₂. The treated specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Vickers micro-hardness test. The thickness of chromized layer before nitriding was about 8 μm and it was increased after plasma nitriding. According to XRD analysis, the chromized layer was composed of chromium and iron carbides. Plasma nitriding of chromized layer resulted in the formation of chromium and iron nitrides and carbides. The hardness of the duplex layers was significantly higher than the hardness of the base material or chromized layer. The main cause of the large improvement in surface hardness was due to the formation of Cr_xN and Fe_xN phases in the duplex treated layers. Increasing of nitriding temperature from 803 to 823 K enhanced the formation of CrN in the duplex treated layer and increased the thickness of the nitrided layer.     

液体渗氮工艺对CrNiMo钢渗层厚度和硬度的影响

为了探讨无毒液体渗氮工艺对CrNiMo钢渗层的效果,采用正交试验方法研究了氮化温度、氮化时间和尿素添加量对CrNiMo钢液体渗氮层的脆性、渗层厚度和硬度的影响.结果表明,尿素添加量是影响渗层脆性和硬度的主要因素,氮化时间是影响渗层厚度的主要因素,氮化温度对渗层厚度和硬度的影响较小.最优渗氮工艺为570℃,氮化时间5 h,尿素添加量为50 g/h,此时渗层厚度为0.235mm,最高硬度为920HV,脆性级别为1级.     

Duplex treatment of 304 AISI stainless steel using rf plasma nitriding and carbonitriding

Surface of 304 AISI austenitic stainless steel has been modified using duplex treatment technique of nitriding and carbonitriding. A thick modified nitrided layer, of approximately 20 µm, has been achieved when rf inductively coupled plasma was adjusted at 450 W for processing time of only 10 min. After performing the nitrided layer, the nitrided samples were carbonitrided using the same technique at different acetylene partial pressure ratios ranges from 10% to 70%, the balance was pure nitrogen. Different amount of nitrogen and carbon species are diffused underneath the surface through the nitrided layer during carbonitriding process and are found to be gas composition dependent. The treated samples were characterized by glow discharge optical spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and Vickers microhardness tester. The microstructure of the duplex treated layer indicates the formation of γ?-Fe₄N, Fe₃C, CrN and nitrogen-expanded austenite (γ_N). The thickness of the duplex treated layer increases with increasing the acetylene partial pressure ratio. The surface microhardness of duplex treated samples has been found to be gas composition dependent and increased by 1.29 fold in comparison to the nitrided sample.     

氮势对奥氏体不锈钢离子渗氮性能的影响

对AIS1304奥氏体不锈钢进行了不同氮势的离子渗氮,利用金相显微镜、轮廓仪、摩擦磨损试验机、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计测试了经渗氮处理后试样改性层的截面形貌、微观结构、相组成和力学性能,并与未渗氮的试样进行了比较。结果表明：随着氮势的增加,试样表面的渗层深度、磨损程度、显微硬度呈规律性变化;X射线衍射分析表明：低氮势容易形成S相,高氮势有利于氮化物的形成。