T3声门型喉癌手术疗效分析

目的评价喉部分切除术与全喉切除术治疗T3声门型喉癌的疗效.方法回顾性分析我院1990年1月～1999年12月对43例T3声门型喉癌行喉部分切除术与全喉切除术的临床资料,比较两种术式的疗效.结果喉部分切除术17例,5年生存率76.47%;全喉切除术26例,5年生存率69.23%,两组间疗效差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).结论部分T3声门型喉癌患者行喉部分切除术是可行的.     

喉癌部分喉切除术

目的探讨喉癌部分喉切除术的方法.方法总结59例喉癌部分喉切除经验.其中喉裂开声带切除2例;垂直喉部分切除38例;水平喉部分切除10例;次全喉切除加同侧颈廓清术2例;水平喉部分切除加同侧颈廓清7例.结果本组病例的3年生存率为83.8%,5年生存率为68.2%;59例中56例顺利拔管;全部病人术后发音清晰,吞咽正常.结论声门癌与声门上癌(T1～T2)病人行部分喉切除是更佳选择.     

应用颈前带蒂颈阔肌皮瓣在喉部分切除中重建喉功能

目的:探讨颈前带蒂肌皮瓣(任意和巨形)在喉部分切除中重建喉功能的效果.方法:对54例声门型喉癌,行喉部分切除和扩大部分切除后应用颈前带蒂肌皮瓣行喉功能重建.结果:54例恢复吞咽、发声和呼吸功能,拔管率100%,5年以上生存率92.59%.结论:喉部分切除中应用颈前带蒂肌皮瓣修复喉腔是喉功能重建的有效方法之一.     

喉环上部分切除术与传统部分喉手术疗效的对比研究

目的:比较喉环上软骨上部分切除术(简称喉环上部分切除)与传统部分喉术式在喉鳞癌治疗中的效果.方法:回顾性分析1992-2007年本院收治的声门及声门上型喉鳞癌初治患者,采用病例对照研究方法分析,按部位相同、TNM分期相同、年龄相差≤10岁1∶1配对.研究组为喉环上部分切除术患者,共57例,其中T2N0 22例,T2N1 2例,T3N0 16例,T3N1 4例,T3N2 8例,T4N0 1例,T4N1 1例,T4N2 3例;对照组为传统部分喉术式组,共57例.比较两组生存率、局部复发率和拔管率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结果:喉环上部分切除术组3年及5年累积生存率为90%、87%,对照组为97%、92%(P>0.05),喉环上部分切除术组原发灶局部控制率为94.2%(49/52),对照组为91%(50/55)(P>0.05);喉环上部分切除术组拔管率为98%(51/52),对照组为89.5%(51/57)(P>0.05),其中对照组水平垂直喉拔管率只有为75%(15/20),明显低于喉环上部分切除术组(P<0.01).结论:与传统部分喉术式相比,喉环上部分切除术式的气管套管拔管率较高,是喉癌手术治疗的重要术式.     

112例T3期喉癌扩大喉部分切除和喉全切除术的疗效分析

目的:探讨T3期扩大喉部分切除和喉全切除术的疗效.方法:于1984年1月至1996年5月对112例T3期喉癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中行扩大喉部分切除术48例(单纯手术29例,手术加放疗19例);喉全切除术64例(单纯手术39例,手术加放疗法25例).结果:喉部分切除术组和喉全切除术组3年和5年生存率分别为77.1%、66.7%和97.7%、71.1%;各组单纯手术和手术加放疗的3年和5年生存率比较,喉部分切除组分别为75.7%、65.0%和78.9%、69.2%;喉全切除组分别为81.2%、71.4%和76.0%、70.6%,各组3年和5年生存率均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:T3期喉癌只要掌握好喉部分切除术的适应证,其疗效与喉全切除术接近;术后放疗不能减少局部和颈部癌复发的危险.     

喉部分切除术后不同声源振动模式转换与代偿研究

目的研究喉部分切除术后喉的振动源变化及声带振动模式的代偿、转归,以探讨嗓音功能保留情况. 方法研究93例喉部分切除术患者(28例水平喉部分切除、35例垂直喉部分切除、30例3/4喉部分切除)及50例健康对照者不同嗓音声学、气流动力学及频闪喉镜下喉功能特点. 结果水平喉部分切除术后声带对称、表层肥厚,粘膜波活跃,嗓音声学参数与正常差异有显著性(P<0.05).垂直喉部分切除患者为非声门源振动发音,新振动体为健侧室带与对侧修复肌瓣或修复肌瓣与喉前庭粘膜(杓区、会厌根粘膜)振动发音,健侧声带未参与,嗓音声学参数与正常差异有极显著性(P<0.01).3/4喉部分切除后为部分非声门源振动发音,代偿振动模式为修复肌瓣与健侧声带振动发音和修复肌瓣与健侧杓区肥厚粘膜形成振动体颤动发音2种,嗓音声学参数与正常差异有显著性(P<0.01).3/4喉部分切除与垂直喉部分切除比较后者嗓音声学参数略差,但无统计学意义. 结论在喉部分切除术中,水平喉部分切除术后嗓音功能最佳,而垂直喉部分切除术后最差;修复体形态、功能特性直接影响术后效果.手术修复过程应充分利用机体的代偿功能,使术后声音质量有所提高.     

晚期喉癌患者术后生存回顾性分析

目的:比较临床Ⅲ、Ⅳ期喉癌患者部分喉及全喉切除术后的生存情况。方法:回顾性分析我科行手术治疗的126例临床Ⅲ、Ⅳ期喉癌患者,用乘积限法进行生存分析,比较各因素与晚期喉癌术后患者生存率的关系。结果:126例患者中临床Ⅲ期80例,临床Ⅳ期46例。行部分喉切除术65例,行全喉切除者61例。126例患者中5年内共死亡24例,其中部分喉切除者15例,全喉切除者9例。部分喉切除术、全喉切除术5年生存率分别为62.58%、68.74%。2组患者生存曲线差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对于晚期喉癌患者,在手术适应证掌握良好的前提下,可行部分喉切除术,其5年生存率与行全喉切除术者差异无统计学意义。     

喉部分切除喉功能重建87例的临床评价

目的评价喉部分切除喉功能重建术的疗效和喉功能的恢复状况.方法回顾分析喉癌87例的临床资料.结果实施喉部分切除喉功能重建的87例3年生存率为81%,5年生存率为78%,呼吸功能全部或部分恢复,拔管率81.4%;发声功能和吞咽功能恢复率均为100%.结论对喉癌患者施行喉部分切除术,既能彻底清除肿瘤,达到根治目的,又能重建恢复喉功能.     

喉部分切除术后患者的嗓音功能观察

目的 研究喉癌患者喉部分切除术后嗓音功能情况及变化趋势,以探讨不同术式与患者术后嗓音质量的关系.方法 应用计算机嗓音声学测试系统(Dr.Speech Science for Windows软件,美国泰亿格公司产品)对30例正常对照者及55例喉部分切除术患者(其中喉声门上水平部分切除术组20例,喉垂直部分切除术组18例,喉扩大垂直切除术组17例),于术后5年内不同时间进行嗓音声学测试,并对所测得的平均基频(F0)、基频微扰(jitter)、振幅微扰(shimmer)、标准化噪声能量(NNE)、第一共振峰频率(F1)、第二共振峰频率(F2)进行比较分析.结果 三种术式F0均较正常对照组低,jitter、shimmer、NNE均较正常对照组高.jitter、shimmer、NNE数值由低到高排列依次为喉声门上水平部分切除术组、喉扩大垂直切除术组、喉垂直部分切除术组.喉声门上水平部分切除组/a:/、/i:/、/u:/的第一共振峰频率明显高于正常对照组.结论 喉水平部分切除术后嗓音功能恢复最佳,而喉垂直部分切除术后最差.嗓音声学分析可作为评价喉癌术后发声质量的定量指标,有助于针对性地指导患者术后嗓音康复训练.     

梨状窝粘膜修复喉部分切除术后的粘膜缺损

目的 :探讨应用梨状窝粘膜修复喉部分切除术后粘膜缺损及恢复喉功能的效果。方法 :对 198例患者施行此术式 ,其中喉水平部分切除术 87例、喉垂直部分或扩大喉垂直部分切除术 6 5例、喉水平加垂直部分切除术 4 6例。同时进行随访观察。结果 :喉水平部分切除术者拔管率为 10 0 % ;术后发音、呼吸、吞咽功能恢复好 ;5年生存率为 84 .7%。喉垂直部分或扩大喉垂直部分切除术拔管率为 87.7% ;5年生存率 86 .2 % ;术后吞咽、呼吸功能恢复好 ,但有声音嘶哑。喉水平加垂直部分切除术后初期进食呛咳较重 ,训练适应时间较长 ,拔管率为82 .6 % ;5年生存率为 78.3% ;术后声音嘶哑 ,部分患者喉狭窄导致拔管困难。结论 :本方法操作简单 ,取材方便 ,手术时间较短 ,成活率高 ,术后喉功能保留好 ,患者的 5年生存率高。     

352例下咽癌综合治疗分析

,高、中、低分化分别为84例、163例、105例;淋巴转移为239侧.结论 下咽癌以综合治疗为主,在安全彻底切除肿瘤的前提下,保留喉的正常部分,重建恢复喉全部或部分功能,可提高患者生活质量和术后生存率.     

Laryngeal aerodynamics associated with selected voice disorders

Measures of estimated subglottal air pressure and laryngeal air flow during speech production are compared for adults with normal laryngeal function and those with laryngeal abnormalities. The most traditional measure, air flow during sustained vowel production, is not a strong predictor of laryngeal function during speech production. Subglottal air pressure and laryngeal air flow offer insight into voice disorders and provide directions for therapy as well as a method for the quantitative assessment of treatment outcomes.     

Management of neurologic disorders of the larynx

OBJECTIVES: I review the literature on management of neurologic disorders of the larynx. METHODS: I reviewed the literature on laryngeal physiology, clinical evaluation of laryngeal function, and the clinical presentation and treatment of neurologic disorders that frequently affect the larynx. RESULTS: Laryngeal function is complex, as this organ is important in breathing, speech, and swallowing. Coordination of these roles is very susceptible to disruption by neurologic disorders. Diagnosis of neurologic disease is primarily based on history and physical examination; however, the diagnosis of laryngeal dysfunction is frequently overlooked, because the larynx is not easily accessible to examination by non-otolaryngologists. Evaluation of laryngeal function includes listening to the voice, systematic observation of the larynx during speech and nonspeech tasks, and, sometimes, ancillary tests. Neurologic disorders that affect laryngeal function include Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and dystonia. The otolaryngologist can sometimes provide treatment to specifically improve symptoms of laryngeal involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Otolaryngology consultation is important in the diagnosis and treatment of neurologic disorders that affect laryngeal function. The otolaryngologist should be able to perform a systematic evaluation of laryngeal and pharyngeal function, and should be aware of the clinical presentation of neurologic disorders that affect the larynx.     

环状软骨上喉部分切除术后喉功能状态评估

喉癌是头颈部常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在头颈肿瘤中位居第二位.近年来,喉癌的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,晚期喉癌在其中所占比率较高.喉功能保全术是目前喉癌外科手术治疗的方向,在临床上受到越来越多关注.国内外大量临床研究已经证实,环状软骨上喉部分切除术是一种喉功能保全术,可在完整切除恶性肿瘤的同时保留喉功能.本文就该手术对于喉癌患者术后的喉功能状态的评估做一综述.     

Chronic stenosis of the larynx in children.

Severe laryngeal stenosis in children can be corrected successfully with surgery. Re-canalization of the larynx allows for nasal respiration, reduces the danger of respiratory infections, contributes to improved tissue oxygenation, and stimulates the child's psychosomatic development. Contrary to prior otolarngeal approaches to laryngeal stenosis in children, it has been shown that surgery does not hinder the growth of the larynx, but rather stimulates the normalization of laryngeal function; and this function itself stimulates laryngeal skeleton. It is important that surgery be performed as soon as possible in order to avoid an erroneous functional mechanism which is difficult to correct later. This can also lead to chronic irreversible atrophic and fibrotic processes in the laryngeal mucosa.     

Laryngeal function-preserving operation for T4a laryngeal cancer with vocal cord paralysis — A case report

For locally advanced laryngeal cancers, the standard treatment of choice is chemoradiotherapy if organ function needs to be conserved. Surgical treatment with larynx preservation is conducted only for limited cases. For locally advanced laryngeal cancers such as those with vocal cord fixation and/or cricoid cartilage destruction, there is no apparent standardized organ-preserving surgery keeping the essential laryngeal functions, viz. the airway, deglutition and articulation, uncompromized.Recently, our surgical team saw a patient with T4a advanced laryngeal cancer with vocal cord fixation who aspired to maintain his laryngeal function. Driven by his eagerness, we contrived novel techniques for laryngeal function preservation and performed a two-staged operation.In the first stage, extended vertical partial laryngectomy was conducted including resection of the affected thyroid, arytenoid, and cricoid cartilages, followed by local closure of the hypopharynx. Additionally, laryngeal suspension surgery and cricopharyngeal myotomy were performed in addition to suturing the epiglottis with the intact arytenoid cartilage to enhance swallowing function. In the second stage, airway reconstruction was performed using a local skin flap.As of 10 months after operation, there has been no tumor recurrence, and the reconstructed larynx has been working satisfactorily.In this report we describe an innovative operation that was especially contrived for laryngeal function preservation.     

颈段食管癌手术喉功能保留问题的探讨

目的:探讨颈段食管癌手术喉功能保留的适应证和咽食管重建方法, 以及胃咽吻合术误吸并发症的原因和防治措施.方法:9例保留喉功能的颈段食管癌手术患者,其中单纯颈段食管癌2例,颈段食管癌侵犯下咽部6例,颈胸段食管重复癌1例.喉功能保留:全部喉功能保留8例,部分喉功能保留1例.下咽-食管重建:胃咽吻合7例,游离前臂皮瓣1例, 胸大肌皮瓣1例.结果:喉功能恢复良好4例,中等2例,差3例.胃咽吻合术7例均发生不同程度的胃液反流、咳嗽反射暂时性消失和误吸,5例发生声带麻痹;吻合口越高,误吸程度越重.游离前臂皮瓣移植术1例死于大出血.胸大肌皮瓣转移术1例虽能恢复良好的喉功能,但6个月后发生吻合口狭窄.结论:单纯颈段食管癌和颈段食管癌向上侵犯下咽部1 cm以内的患者适宜行全部喉功能保留手术;而颈段食管癌向上侵犯下咽部部1 cm以上的高龄患者不宜行全部喉功能保留手术,可行部分喉功能保留手术或不保留喉功能手术.胃咽吻合术误吸并发症的发生与咽-食管吞咽功能障碍和喉防误吸功能障碍密切相关.     

会厌在喉部分切除喉功能重建术中的应用

目的　探讨会厌在喉部分切除喉功能重建术中的应用价值。方法　 1 992年 1 2月～1 996年 1月 32例不同分期的声门型、声门上型喉癌行喉部分切除术 ,将残存会厌下移保留喉功能。结果　 2 1例声门型喉癌术后 1 9例拔除气管套管恢复喉的全部功能 ;1 1例声门上型喉癌 5例恢复喉全部功能 ,并于术后 1 4～ 1 8d恢复吞咽功能 ,无 1例出现误吸引起严重并发症。 3年生存率 87 5 %(2 8/ 32 ) ,5年生存率 5 8 3%(7/ 1 2 )。结论　喉部分切除喉功能重建术中会厌取材方便 ,无需重新进行皮肤切口 ;其喉面有完整粘膜 ,创面愈合时间短 ;喉结构重建扩大了喉的左右径 ,提高了术后拔管率同时防止误咽发生 ,对提高喉部分切除术患者术后生存质量有一定作用。     

Reinnervation aspects of laryngeal transplantation

Although restoration of laryngeal function after laryngeal transplantation depends on appropriate reinnervation, non-selective reinnervation procedures result in synkinesis and poor function restoration. This study was performed to test the feasibility of selective reinnervation procedures to restore laryngeal function. Three surgical reinnervation procedures were studied each in a group of ten cats: in group 1 a non-selective procedure in which the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) was cut and reanastomosed; in group 2 selective abductor reinnervation was performed with the phrenic nerve; in group 3 selective abductor reinnervation with the phrenic nerve (PN) was combined with selective adductor reinnervation with the ansa cervicalis. Ten weeks after surgical reinnervation abductor and reflex adductor functions were evaluated with videolaryngoscopy and electromyography. Findings demonstrated that non-selective reinnervation not only gave poor abduction during inspiration but even resulted in paradoxical movement during reflex adduction. Selective abductor reinnervation resulted in good abductor function. Selective adductor reinnervation with the ansa cervicalis brought about muscle tonus in the animals studied but no restoration of reflex adduction. Enhanced activity during respiratory distress gave only slight compromise to the abductor function. In all, selective laryngeal reinnervation with the PN and ansa cervicalis produced good restoration of respiratory laryngeal function. However, deglutition following laryngeal motor and sensory reinnervation with protection of the respiratory tract is probably not sufficient, as in the present group of animals no reflex glottic closure was achieved. More research is required. Received: 2 March 1998 / Accepted: 21 April 1998     

Impairment of function of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles after regeneration of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Complete return of laryngeal function, as evidenced by normal excursion of the vocal folds during respiration and phonation, seldom follows division and repair of the laryngeal nerves. In order to investigate this phenomenon further the recurrent laryngeal nerve was sectioned and repaired in five dogs. Some functions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles in these dogs were observed at intervals following repair of the nerve and compared to other dogs in which the nerve had been crushed or subjected to sustained pressure. Results obtained utilizing a high speed movie camera, electromyographic, and evoked electromyographic techniques, suggest that the reinnervated intrinsic laryngeal muscles showed impaired function when compared with normal muscles. The mechanisms possibly active in causing this reduction of function are discussed.