六氟磷酸锂的核磁共振波谱研究

六氟磷酸锂溶解在有机碳酸酯溶剂中形成的溶液是在锂离子电池中应用最广的电解液。然而,含有六氟磷酸锂电解质的锂离子电池在温度升高至60℃以上时具有较差的稳定性。本文利用核磁共振波谱1H、13C、19F谱及1H、13C、19F的偶合裂分,对六氟磷酸锂的分解进行分析和研究。研究表明六氟磷酸锂的分解产物主要是HF、PF5、O=PF3、O=PF2(OH)和O=PF(OH)2。     

六氟磷酸锂基锂离子电池电解液的掺杂改性研究

本研究通过在六氟磷酸锂(Li PF6)基电解液中,掺杂不同比例的四氟硼酸锂(Li BF4),得到了一种性能优化的混合锂盐电解液配方。利用Li BF4较好的化学稳定性和热稳定性,新配方保持六氟磷酸锂基电解液物理性状和电池的倍率性能的同时,有效改善了电池的放电性能及循环性能。     

离子液体催化2-氯噻吩氯甲基化反应研究

以2-氯噻吩、多聚甲醛为原料,以离子液体[C2mim]Br、[C3mim]Br、[C4mim]Br、[C5mim]Br、[C6mim]Br、[C7mim]Br、[C8mim]Br、[C12mim]Br、[Bmim]PF6、[Bmim]BF4、[Bmim]C4F9SO3和[Bmim]Cl为催化剂进行氯甲基化反应,得到产物2-氯-3-氯甲基噻吩。研究表明,离子液体可以促进2-氯噻吩的氯甲基化反应,具有相转移催化剂的效果,并且以[C4mim]Br和[C8mim]Br的催化效果为佳。反应最佳条件为:离子液体[C8mim]Br摩尔分数为5%(相对于2-氯噻吩),温度40℃,反应时间8h,产物产率可达92.1%。     

锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2[(PO4)1-xFx]3/C的合成及性能表征

以LiH2PO4、LiF和V2O5为原料,蔗糖为还原剂,用碳热还原法合成了Li3V2[(PO4)1-xFx]3/C(x=0、0.02、0.05、0.08、0.10和0.15),并用X射线衍射、Fourier变换红外光谱、循环伏安、交流阻抗谱和恒流充放电技术研究了F-掺杂对材料结构和电化学性能的影响.结果表明:F-掺杂Li3V2(PO4)3/C与纯Li3V2(PO4)3/C均为单斜结构,但少量的F-掺杂可提高电极反应可逆程度和电导率,降低电荷传递阻抗;在所得的F-掺杂材料中,Li3V2[(PO4)0.95F0.05]3/C具有较好的电化学性能.在3.0～4.2V (vs.Li/Li+)循环时,电极的0.5C放电容量为124.4 mA·h/g,50次循环后容量保持率为98.5％,15C下的放电容量为84.7mA·h/g,50次循环后容量保持率为97.4％,而Li3V2(PO4)3/C的仅为59.2 mA·h/g和89.0％.     

磷酸铁锂电池高温循环性能影响研究

将Li Fe PO4/C锂离子电池分别在25℃(常温)、45℃、55℃下进行0%~100%DOD、1.0 C充/1.0 C放循环测试。结果显示,随温度的升高,电池的循环性能越差。本试验分别比较了电解液、负极材料对不同温度循环性能的影响。电解液中添加高沸点溶剂和抑制Li PF6分解的添加剂、负极使用小粒径中间相碳微球能够提高电池的高温循环性能。     

功能化杂多酸盐在燃料油催化氧化脱硫中的应用研究

采用一步合成法制备了以甘氨酸为阳离子、磷钨酸为阴离子的功能化杂多酸盐[Gly]_3PW_(12)O_(40)。以[Gly]_3PW_(12)O_(40)为催化剂,以离子液体[Hmim]PF6、[Hmim]BF4、[Bmim]PF6、[Bmim]BF4分别为萃取剂,以过氧化氢为氧化剂,构建了杂多酸盐耦合离子液体的催化氧化脱硫体系。研究表明,以[Hmim]PF6为萃取剂可以获得最佳的脱硫效果。采用单因素实验研究了脱硫工艺条件对[Gly]_3PW_(12)O_(40)/[Hmim]PF6/H2O2体系脱硫效果的影响。结果表明,在n(过氧化氢)/n(硫)=4、反应时间为90 min、反应温度为60℃、n[Gly]_3PW_(12)O_(40)/n(硫)=0.025、[Hmim]PF6用量为1 m L条件下,燃料油的脱硫率可达99.2%,并且脱硫体系[Gly]_3PW_(12)O_(40)/[Hmim]PF6具有很好的重复使用性能。     

二茂铁磷钼钒杂多酸电荷转移配合物的合成、表征及催化性能

以Keggin结构的钒取代的磷钼酸为电子受体,二茂铁为电子给体合成了3种二茂铁磷钼钒杂多酸电荷转移配合物[Fe(C5H5)2]3H[PMo11 VO40]·6H2O、[Fe(C5H5)2]3 H[PMo10V2O40]·3H2O和[Fe(C5H5)2]3H[PMo9V3O40]·8H2O,用元素分析、IR光谱、UV光谱...     

FeF_3表面包覆Li[Li_(0.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)]O_2正极材料的制备和电化学性能

采用典型的湿化学法制备了2%(wt)FeF_3包覆的Li[Li_(0.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)]O_2材料,并且通过XRD,SEM及TEM等技术来分析材料的微观结构和形貌。结果显示,在Li[Li_(0.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)]O_2材料表面包覆着一层5~20 nm厚的FeF_3薄膜。通过电化学性能测试发现,2%(wt)FeF_3@Li[Li_(0.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)]O_2样品的首次库伦效率更高,高倍率性能更佳,循环性能更加稳定。在0.5C倍率下循环100次后,其容量保持率仍有94.2%,放电比容量为190.6 m Ah×g~(-1)。同时电化学阻抗结果表明,FeF_3包覆层能够抑制Li[Li_(0.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)]O_2和电解液之间的副反应,稳定材料的层状结构。     

高压正极材料LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4锂离子电池阻燃电解液的研究

研究了甲基磷酸二甲酯(DMMP)含量对1 mol/L Li PF6/EC∶DEC∶EMC(1∶1∶1)电解液的电化学稳定性、热稳定性及电导率的影响,并首次将含DMMP的阻燃电解液应用于高压材料LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4中。结果表明,加入DMMP添加剂后电解液的热稳定性得到提高,但是该添加剂电解液的电导率有所降低。研究了DMMP对LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4扣式电池的电化学性能的影响,循环伏安测试表明,几乎不影响电解液在高压条件下的使用,充放电测试结果表明,DMMP的使用会降低电池的循环性能,当DMMP含量为5%时,对电池的循环性能影响较小。此外,交流阻抗(EIS)分析表明,DMMP对循环性能影响的主要原因是内阻随着循环的增加而增大。     

高压正极材料LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4锂离子电池阻燃电解液的研究

研究了甲基磷酸二甲酯(DMMP)含量对1 mol/L Li PF6/EC∶DEC∶EMC(1∶1∶1)电解液的电化学稳定性、热稳定性及电导率的影响,并首次将含DMMP的阻燃电解液应用于高压材料LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4中。结果表明,加入DMMP添加剂后电解液的热稳定性得到提高,但是该添加剂电解液的电导率有所降低。研究了DMMP对LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4扣式电池的电化学性能的影响,循环伏安测试表明,几乎不影响电解液在高压条件下的使用,充放电测试结果表明,DMMP的使用会降低电池的循环性能,当DMMP含量为5%时,对电池的循环性能影响较小。此外,交流阻抗(EIS)分析表明,DMMP对循环性能影响的主要原因是内阻随着循环的增加而增大。     

Synthesis, In vitro Antifungal and Antitumour Activity of Some Triorganotin(IV) N,C,N-Chelates

The in vitro antifungal activity of compounds 1-3 ({[(CH3)2NCH2]2C6H3}R2SnX; (where X=Cl, R=n-Bu for 1, X=Br, R=n-Bu for 2 and x=PF6, R=n=Bu for 3)) was estimated with the help of a modified microdilution format of the M27-A guidelines and was compared with in vitro activity of their diphenyltin(IV) analogues 4 and 5 (where X=Br, R=Ph for 4 and X=PF6, R=Ph for 5), and of drugs currently in clinical use (ketoconazole, fluconazole and amphotericin B). It was found that in coordinating solvents the more soluble derivative 2 is less active than the phenyl one (4), and compounds 1 and 3 are even inactive.In this paper, the in vitro antitumour activity of ionic diphenyltin(IV) complexes 4 and 5 against seven tumoural cell lines of human origin is also reported. The preparation and characterization (H1, C13 and Sn119 NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) of the novel compound 3 is mentioned too.     

Palladium-Catalyzed Heck Reaction in the Multi-Functionalized Ionic Liquid Compositions

In the multi-functionalized ionic liquid compositions (MFILC), composed of 1-n-butyl-2-diphenylphosphino-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [BDPPMIM]PF6), 1-(2-piperid-1-yl-ethyl)-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [PEMIM]PF6), and 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6), PdCl2 served as an efficient catalyst for Heck reactions of aryl iodides and bromides. The built-up PdCl2-MFILC, including stoichiometrically consumed base of [PEMIM]PF6, could be reused at least for seven cycles without activity loss. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Electroluminescent fluorene‐based alternating polymers bearing triarylamine or carbazole moieties in the main chain: Synthesis and properties

Two soluble conjugated polyfluorenes, poly{9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐2,7‐diyl‐co‐4,4′‐bis[2‐(4‐phenyl)‐2‐cyanovinyl]triphenylamine}(PF‐BCT) and poly{9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐2,7‐diyl‐co‐3,6‐bis[2‐(4‐phenyl)‐2‐cyanovinyl]‐9‐octyl carbazole}(PF‐BCC), have been synthesized from 2,7‐dibromo‐9,9‐dioctylfluorene and 4,4′‐bis[2‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐ 2‐cyanovinyl]triphenylamine or 3,6‐bis[2‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐2‐cyanovinyl]‐9‐octyl carbazole comonomers through a Suzuki polymerization reaction. The copolymers are characterized by gel permeation chromatography, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis. The polymers have good thermal stability with 5 wt % loss temperatures of more than 380°C. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show that the polymers present good electron and hole‐injection abilities. PF‐BCC possesses higher oxidization potential than that of PF‐BCT, which indicates that PF‐BCT has better hole injection ability. The photophysical properties of the polymers are investigated in both solutions and spinning‐coated films. Compared to that of PF‐BCC, the absorption and emission peaks of PF‐BCT bathochromic shift in the solid film or solution states. Single layer light‐emitting devices have been fabricated in the ITO/PEDOT: PSS/polymer/Ca/Al configuration. The electroluminescence (EL) device based on PF‐BCT shows yellow emission with the current efficiency of 0.21 cd/A, while PF‐BCC shows greenish yellow emission with the current efficiency of 0.08 cd/A. In addition, to improve the electroluminescence of PF‐BCC, a PVK layer is introduced, the brightness and efficiency get improved to 700 cd/m² and 0.12 cd/A, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Wood Pulp Fiber Wrapped by Fish-Scale Graphene as Flexible and Free-Standing Supercapacitor Electrode

Poplar wood pulp was adopted as both frame and precursor for the synthesis of pulp fiber (PF)/reduced graphene oxide composite via a simple and low-cost method. In this method, the PF based on graphene (PFG) composite film electrode was prepared by a simple vacuum filtration process with various ratios (PF: reduced graphene oxide (RGO)?=?5:1, PF:RGO?=?5:2, PF:RGO?=?5:3, PF:RGO?=?5:4, PF:RGO?=?5:5). In terms of special structures, the PFG can be used as electrodes without metal-collector, adhesives, and additives. The optimal ratio (PF:RGO?=?5:4) film electrode displayed a high areal-specific capacitance of 683 mF/cm² at 1?mA/cm² with a mass of 5.3?mg/cm² (specific capacitance of 129?F/g) and good cycling stability (87.5% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 5?mA/cm²) as well as excellent rate capability and high flexibility (suitable for any angle, even 180°). Moreover, the device could possess a maximum energy density of 47.71?μWh/cm² and a maximum power density of 1251?μW/cm². These results suggest that the composite PGF film is a promising electrode material.     

共沉淀法制多孔类球型钛酸锂及电性能研究

用NH4HCO3为起泡剂共沉淀法成功的合成出一种多孔类球形钛酸锂,并对它的结构及电化学性能进行了研究。经测试表明合成出的Li4Ti5O12振实密度达到1.68 g/cm3,采用XRD粉末衍射测试表明产物为纯相尖晶石型Li4Ti5O12,扫描电镜表明产物为平均尺寸为2~5μmd的多孔的类球体结构。在1.0~3.0 V下充放电0.1 C、1 C、1.5 C、2 C、3 C倍率下首次放电容量分别为176.4、151.6、143.8、138.5 mAh/g。     

聚乙二醇单全氟壬烯基醚的合成与表面性能

以硼酸、聚乙二醇(PEG)和全氟壬烯为主要原料制备了聚乙二醇单全氟壬烯基醚,以红外光谱表征,并研究了其水溶液的表面性能。硼酸与聚乙二醇酯化反应以四氢呋喃作溶剂,n(PEG)∶n(硼酸)=3∶1,80℃反应3h,生成硼酸三聚乙二醇酯。聚乙二醇另一未反应的羟基再与全氟壬烯进行醚化反应,N,N-二甲基苯胺作缚酸剂,n(C9F18)∶n(硼酸三聚乙二醇酯)=3∶1,80℃反应1h,得硼酸聚乙二醇单全氟壬烯醚三酯,然后在70℃水解反应8h,得聚乙二醇单全氟壬烯基醚,收率90%左右(以全氟壬烯计)。测定了聚乙二醇单全氟壬烯基醚[C9F17O(CH2CH2O)nH]的表面张力和临界胶束浓度(CMC)。C9F17O(CH2CH2O)nH能大大降低水的表面张力,n越小,其表面张力越低。C9F17O(CH2CH2O)8H的CMC、γCMC和浊点分别为1.26×10-4mol/L,24.4mN/m,54.3℃。     

离子液体萃取电镀废水中铅的研究

制备了三种不同阳离子侧链长度的离子液体[C_nMIM]PF_6(其中n=4、6、8),以它们为萃取剂,以双硫腙为螯合剂,构建了离子液体[C_nMIM]PF_6-双硫腙萃取体系。研究了该萃取体系对含铅废水中Pb~(2+)的萃取性能。研究发现,阳离子侧链增加有利于提高Pb~(2+)的萃取效果。另外,考察了萃取时间、萃取温度、pH值、含铅废水与离子液体的体积比对Pb~(2+)萃取率的影响。结果表明:[C_8MIM]PF_6-双硫腙萃取体系对含铅废水中Pb~(2+)的萃取率可达93.5%,并且Pb~(2+)萃取率受pH值影响很大。     

11C‐ and 18F‐Labeled Radioligands for P‐Glycoprotein Imaging by Positron Emission Tomography

P‐Glycoprotein (P‐gp) is an efflux transporter widely expressed at the human blood–brain barrier. It is involved in xenobiotics efflux and in onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. For these reasons, there is great interest in the assessment of P‐gp expression and function by noninvasive techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET). Three radiolabeled aryloxazole derivatives: 2‐[2‐(2‐methyl‐(¹¹C)‐5‐methoxyphenyl)oxazol‐4‐ylmethyl]‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline ([¹¹C]‐ 5 ); 2‐[2‐(2‐fluoromethyl‐(¹⁸F)‐5‐methoxyphenyl)oxazol‐4‐ylmethyl]‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetra‐hydroisoquinoline ([¹⁸F]‐ 6 ); and 2‐[2‐(2‐fluoroethyl‐(¹⁸F)‐5‐methoxyphenyl)oxazol‐4‐ylmethyl]‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline ([¹⁸F]‐ 7 ), were tested in several in vitro biological assays to assess the effect of the aryl substituent in terms of potency and mechanism of action toward P‐gp. Methyl derivative [¹¹C]‐ 5 is a potent P‐gp substrate, whereas the corresponding fluoroethyl derivative [¹⁸F]‐ 7 is a P‐gp inhibitor. Fluoromethyl compound [¹⁸F]‐ 6 is classified as a non‐transported P‐gp substrate, because its efflux increases after cyclosporine A modulation. These studies revealed a promising substrate and inhibitor, [¹¹C]‐ 5 and [¹⁸F]‐ 7 , respectively, for in vivo imaging of P‐gp by using PET.