纵向焊接铝合金压杆承载力研究

大多数结构用铝合金通常要经过热处理或加工硬化以改善其力学性能。当这种合金焊接后除了产生残余应力外,在焊缝附近还将产生强度明显降低的热影响区(HAZ)。而对于钢结构,由于其热导率比铝材小得多,因此只有高强钢才可能产生强度降低的热影响区,而且其强度的降低没有铝合金显著,热影响区的宽度也比铝合金小得多。这将使得铝合金受压杆件的屈曲性能变得更为复杂。对贴角焊和剖口焊这两种焊接方式的工字型铝合金中心受压杆件进行试验研究,并将试验结果同即将颁布的国标《铝合金结构设计规范》(送审稿)及欧洲规范9(EC9)进行比较。结果表明,通常情况下,对于贴角焊构件,规范结果与试验结果吻合较好;而对于剖口焊构件,规范结果偏保守。     

Compression tests of welded section columns undergoing buckling interaction

This paper describes a series of compression tests performed on welded H-section and channel section columns fabricated from a mild steel plate of thickness 6.0 mm with nominal yield stress of 240 MPa. The ultimate strength and performance of the compression members undergoing nonlinear interaction between local and overall buckling were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The compression tests indicated that the interaction between local and overall buckling had a significant negative effect on the ultimate strength of the thin-walled welded steel section columns. The Direct Strength Method (DSM), which was newly developed and adopted as an alternative to the effective width method for the design of cold-formed steel sections recently by NAS (AISI, 2004), was calibrated by using the test results for application to welded steel sections. This paper confirms that the Direct Strength Method can properly predict the ultimate strength of welded section columns when local buckling and flexural buckling occur simultaneously or nearly simultaneously.     

高强度钢材箱形截面轴心受压短柱局部稳定试验研究

针对高强度钢材焊接箱形截面柱的局部稳定受力性能,对4个Q460钢材等边箱形短柱进行轴心受压试验。根据试验结果分析试件的局部屈曲应力、极限应力随板件宽厚比的变化规律,并将试件的局部屈曲应力、极限应力与我国、美国、欧洲钢结构设计规范以及陈绍蕃建议的相应设计方法和计算公式进行对比分析。结果表明,钢板的宽厚比越大,试件截面的利用率越低,局部屈曲后强度越富余;我国钢结构设计规范中对于试件的局部屈曲应力的计算公式不适用于等边箱形短柱;对于等边箱形短柱的极限应力,美国、欧洲钢结构设计规范和陈绍蕃建议的设计方法的计算结果较为接近,且均略高于试验结果,这3种设计方法都是可行的。进一步修改已有的计算公式,以适用于计算Q460高强度钢材等边箱形短柱的局部屈曲应力;建议采用陈绍蕃建议的设计方法,并进一步修改欧洲钢结构设计规范的计算公式,以适用于计算Q460高强度钢材等边箱形短柱的极限应力。     

Resistance of stainless steel CHS columns based on cross-section deformation capacity

A conceptually new structural design approach has recently been proposed by the authors to predict the resistance of stainless steel members subjected to various types of loading with cross-sections formed from thin flat plates including angles, channels, lipped channels, I-sections and rectangular hollow sections (RHS). The proposed method does not follow the traditional cross-section classification approach, which primarily relies on the assumption of a bilinear, elastic-perfectly-plastic material model. Instead, deformation capacity of a cross-section is determined directly from the local buckling characteristics of the constituent plate elements. This is then used to obtain the corresponding local buckling stress utilising an appropriate material model. This basic concept is extended herein to predict compression resistance of stainless steel columns with circular hollow sections (CHS). Available test and finite element (FE) results have been used to develop the basic design equation to predict the compression resistance of cross-sections and to propose column curves to determine flexural buckling resistances. The predicted resistances have been compared to those obtained using the current Eurocode; the predictions are significantly more accurate and more consistent than those given by the existing Eurocode.     

960 MPa高强度钢材轴压构件整体稳定性能试验研究

为研究960 MPa高强度钢材轴压构件的整体稳定性能,对6个焊接工字形和等边箱形截面试件进行了静力试验研究,测量了试件的几何初弯曲、荷载初偏心以及截面残余应力分布等初始缺陷,分析了试件的失稳破坏形态,得到了整体稳定承载力,并与规范设计曲线进行了对比分析。利用试验结果验证了有限元分析模型,并进行参数分析。研究结果表明：试件的破坏模态均为整体弯曲失稳,除两个几何初始缺陷过大的试件外,其他试件的整体稳定系数试验值均明显高于规范设计值;参数分析结果表明,960 MPa钢材焊接截面轴压构件的整体稳定系数较普通钢材显著提高,建议采用GB 50017-2003中的a类柱子曲线设计此类轴压构件,同时拟合了960 MPa高强度钢材的柱子曲线公式。     

高强度钢材工字形截面轴心受压短柱局部稳定试验研究

针对高强度钢材焊接工字形截面轴心受压短柱的局部稳定性能,对9个Q460C工字形截面短柱进行轴心受压试验,分析试件局部屈曲应力、极限应力随板件宽厚比的变化规律,研究翼缘、腹板嵌固系数的取值。此外,将屈曲应力、极限应力试验结果与我国、美国和欧洲钢结构设计规范的相应设计计算结果进行对比分析,研究相应规范对于高强度钢材的适用性。结果表明：翼缘的嵌固系数可取为定值1.0,腹板的嵌固系数不宜取为定值;GB 50017-2003《钢结构设计规范》中关于高强度钢材工字形截面短柱的局部屈曲应力的计算结果是不合理的;AISC 360-05规范的极限应力计算值误差较大,但偏于保守;Eurocode 3规范的极限应力计算值与试验值较为接近,但大部分计算结果较试验值偏大。为此,建议提出新的公式计算工字形截面短柱的局部屈曲应力,而对Eurocode 3规范关于工字形截面短柱的极限应力计算公式进行修正,使其能适用于Q460C高强度钢材。     

Q690高强钢焊接箱形轴压构件整体稳定研究及设计建议

为研究Q690高强钢焊接箱形轴心受压构件的整体稳定性能,给出适合该类构件的设计建议,通过对3根Q690焊接箱形截面试件的残余应力试验,得到了箱形截面的残余应力分布模型。设计并制作了5根Q690焊接箱形柱,并对其两端铰支条件下进行了轴压试验研究,试验前分别对试件的几何初始缺陷和初始偏心均进行了测量。轴压试验中,所有试件破坏形式均为整体失稳破坏。基于试验结果,分析了该试件的整体稳定性能,采用直接分析法建立了数值模型,并校验了数值模型的准确性。同时,采用该数值模型对箱形轴压构件进行了参数分析,基于试验和参数分析结果,给出了Q690焊接箱形轴压构件的一阶弹性设计建议。     

Q460高强钢焊接箱形截面轴压构件整体稳定性能研究

为研究高强度钢材轴心受压钢柱的整体稳定性能,对5个国产Q460钢材焊接箱形截面柱进行了轴心受压试验研究。试验对试件的几何初弯曲、荷载初偏心以及截面的纵向残余应力分布均进行了测量。基于试验结果,分析了该类钢柱的失稳破坏形态和整体稳定承载力,建立了有限元分析模型并对试验结果进行模拟计算。研究结果表明：试件破坏模态均为整体弯曲失稳形态,大部分试件稳定承载力高于规范设计值;有限元分析模型能够准确地考虑几何初始缺陷和残余应力的影响,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好;通过与国内外钢结构设计规范的对比,提出了国产Q460高强钢焊接箱形截面轴压构件整体稳定设计的建议方法,即可以统一采用我国或欧洲规范的b类曲线进行设计,而不需要按板件宽厚比大小进行分类。     

Aluminum alloy tubular columns—Part I: Finite element modeling and test verification

A numerical investigation on fixed-ended aluminum alloy tubular columns of square and rectangular hollow sections is described in this paper. The fixed-ended column tests were conducted that included columns with both ends transversely welded to aluminum end plates using the tungsten inert gas welding method, and columns without welding of end plates. The specimens were extruded from aluminum alloy of 6061-T6 and 6063-T5. The failure modes included local buckling, flexural buckling, interaction of local and flexural buckling, as well as failure in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). An accurate finite element model (FEM) was developed. The initial local and overall geometric imperfections were incorporated in the model. The non-welded and welded material nonlinearities were considered in the analysis. The welded columns were modeled having different HAZ extension at the ends of the column of 25 and 30 mm. The nonlinear FEM was verified against experimental results. It is shown that the calibrated model provides accurate predictions of the experimental loads and failure modes of the tested columns. The load-shortening curves predicted by the finite element analysis are also compared with the test results.     

多层夹层玻璃柱轴压设计方法研究

以夹层玻璃作为承重构件的玻璃结构在景观建筑结构中的应用日益广泛。夹层玻璃柱在轴压荷载作用下易发生绕弱轴弯曲屈曲。对于由3片及以上玻璃组成的多层夹层玻璃柱的弯曲屈曲行为,目前尚无成熟的设计方法。基于考虑玻璃板间滑移效应的组合梁模型,推导了多层夹层玻璃柱在轴压荷载作用下的屈曲临界荷载计算方法和强度校核准则,并提出了适用于工程设计的简化计算公式和柱稳定系数-长细比（φ-λ）曲线。通过与已有文献数据比对,对所提出的屈曲临界荷载、极限荷载计算式及φ-λ曲线进行了验证。结果表明,所提出的计算式对于多层夹层玻璃柱的屈曲临界荷载和极限荷载计算精度较高,φ-λ曲线能保证构件的安全性。     

Overall buckling behavior of 460 MPa high strength steel columns: Experimental investigation and design method

Overall buckling behavior of compression columns is one of the most important research subjects in steel structures, especially for high strength steel which has been increasingly applied in recent years. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the overall buckling behavior of 460 MPa high strength steel compression members. Totally twelve columns including welded box and I-sections were comprised. The initial imperfections such as the residual stress, initial bending and loading eccentricity were all measured. Based on experimental results the buckling deformation and capacity were investigated. A finite element model was established and further validated by comparing with the test data in both present study and other previous researches, in which initial imperfections were taken into account. A large number of columns with various section dimensions and lengths were calculated by using the validated model, and their buckling capacities were compared with design values according to different steel structures specifications. It was found that the nondimensional buckling strength of such 460 MPa high strength steel columns were significantly improved compared to normal strength steel columns, and corresponding column curves and design formulae were suggested.     

Ultimate compressive strength of plate elements in aluminium: Correlation of finite element analyses and tests

A study with the objective of assessing the reliability of non-linear finite element analyses in predictions of the ultimate strength of aluminium plates subjected to in-plane compression is presented. Outstand elements of alloy AA6082 in tempers T4 and T6 and internal elements of alloys 5083 M and 6082 TF were analysed for a range of b/t-ratios. For the latter class both non-welded and welded plates were studied, the non-welded plates having two levels of geometric imperfections. The accuracy of the predictions was evaluated by comparison with existing experimental results. It was found that the overall correlation between the experimental and predicted ultimate compressive strengths was good. The finite element analyses reproduced the main effects of slenderness, stress-strain curve (i.e. alloy and temper), geometric imperfections and welding (i.e. residual stresses and heat-affected zones) that were observed in the experiments     

460MPa高强钢柱整体屈曲性能:试验研究及设计方法

受压柱的整体屈曲性能是钢结构研究的重要课题之一,尤其是近几年来应用越来越多的高强钢。对460MPa高强受压构件的整体屈曲性能进行试验研究。对包括焊接箱形截面和I形截面的12根钢柱进行试验。测量构件的残余应力、初弯曲和加载偏心率等初始缺陷。结合试验结果研究其屈曲变形和屈曲承载力。建立有限元模型,并与当前及以往研究中考虑初始缺陷的试验数据进行对比。采用经过验证的模型对大量不同截面尺寸和不同长度的柱的屈曲承载力进行估算,并将计算结果与其他钢结构规范的设计值进行对比。结果表明:460MPa高强钢柱,其无量纲屈曲强度与普通强度钢柱相比明显提高,并给出了相应的柱曲线和设计公式。     

A study on flexural buckling strength F cr of inelastic buckling for compressive members

Since Euler’s classical theory, which he proposed in 1759, many column curve formulations have been proposed. This study investigates the flexural buckling strength (F _cr ) calculated using the allowable stress design specification and the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) specification of the American Institute of Steel Construction. It is noted that the exponential function of the column curve formulation using LRFD is difficult to use in practice. Therefore, a simple parabolic function is proposed for the inelastic buckling strength of a steel column loaded with uniaxial compression, and it is shown to be consistent with many design codes. The expressions for inelastic buckling strength formulation as defined previously for ASD are used here. To verify the proposed equation, 118 individual test results of steel columns are examined. The mean of the ratio of the column strength to the proposed flexural buckling strength is 1.089, indicating that the proposed strength curves are in good agreement with the test results.     

冷成型不锈钢管轴心受压柱试验研究

为研究冷成型不锈钢管轴心受压柱的稳定性能,进行了国产304牌号冷成型不锈钢方管、矩形管和圆管截面,共43根轴心受压柱试验。通过对不锈钢材料、轴压短柱试件和轴压长柱试件的试验研究,得到了试件的材料力学性能和极限荷载。分析了试件的长细比、宽厚比（径厚比）对其破坏模式及变形性能的影响。结果表明：试件的宽厚比（径厚比）对其破坏模式及变形性能有较大的影响。采用GB 50018-2002《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》、欧洲不锈钢结构设计规范、美国冷成型不锈钢结构设计规范中的计算方法以及Rasmussen提出的设计方法对试验试件进行了计算,并与试验数据对比结果表明,对于圆管试件,采用三本规范计算得到的承载力均高于试验值,偏于不安全,采用Rasmussen 提出方法的计算结果与试验值较为接近;对于方矩管试件,各种方法计算结果相近,除短柱试件试验结果高于计算结果外,其余试件试验值均与计算结果吻合较好;GB 50018-2002《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》中的计算方法不能直接用于计算不锈钢管轴心受压柱承载力。     

屈曲交互作用下焊接截面柱的抗压试验

对焊接H形和槽形截面的柱进行了一系列压力试验,这些柱采用厚度为6·0 mm,名义屈服应力为240 MPa的软钢板制成。从理论上和试验中对这些受压构件在非线性局部和整体屈曲交互作用下的极限强度和性能进行了研究。压力试验表明,局部和整体屈曲交互面对薄壁焊接钢柱截面有较大的负面影响。近期发展起来的DSM方法,对冷加工钢截面的设计,可作为有效宽度法的备选方法,最近已由NAS( AISI ,2004)提出,并由焊接钢截面的试验结果进行了校验。证明了当局部屈曲和弯曲同时或者近乎同时发生时,可采用直接强度法预测焊接截面的极限强度。     

冷弯型钢受压构件的LRFD抗力系数

目前,冷弯型钢抗压构件的LRFD抗力系数取值为0.85,该文旨在研究该系数能否增大。数据库中包含675组同中心荷载柱的试验数据,包含平口卷边C截面、平口卷边Z截面、帽形截面和角形截面以及开孔构件。采用美国钢铁协会标准和直接强度法计算每个试样的强度。直接强度法的计算结果更加精确,其在计算部分有效截面柱的强度时尤为精确。采用一阶二次矩法计算的LRFD抗力系数,与美国钢铁协会标准和直接强度法的规定相符。对于柱的两种破坏情况,达到畸变屈曲极限状态而破坏和由于整体失稳或局部-整体失稳相互作用而破坏,前者的计算结果更为精确。单角钢柱的试验强度与计算强度的比值有很大变化,随着整体长细比的增加,计算结果逐渐变得极为保守。     

复合型高性能钢材轴压构件整体稳定性能研究

为提升现代钢结构工程的综合抗灾能力,集高强度、高延性、耐蚀性和耐火性为一体的新一代复合型高性能钢材已经出现。该文针对该类钢材焊接工字形截面轴压构件的整体稳定性能,设计并完成6个长柱稳定试验,研究构件的稳定承载力和失稳破坏形式,并将试验结果与我国《钢结构设计标准》(GB 50017—2017)的柱子曲线进行对比,给出建议的曲线选型;同时,建立有限元模型并验证其准确性和可靠性;进一步通过大量算例分析初始缺陷、残余应力、材料强度和本构模型等对轴压构件整体稳定性能的影响;最后,基于参数分析算例结果,拟合复合型高性能钢材轴压构件新的柱子曲线公式,提出整体稳定设计方法。研究成果对促进该类钢材的工程应用具有重要意义。     

Tests and numerical study of ultra-high strength steel columns with end restraints

High strength steels with the nominal yield strength more than 460 MPa have begun to be applied in the construction of many steel structures, but there are short of sound researches on the major axis buckling behavior of such steel welded I-section columns, especially for the ultra-high strength steels having the nominal yield strength more than 690 MPa. In this paper, the experimental research is described on the overall buckling behavior about the major axis of ultra-high strength steel compression I-section columns with end restraints. In this research 8 columns made from 2 kinds of ultra-high strength structural steels S690 and S960, with nominal yield strengths of 690 MPa and 960 MPa, respectively, were tested. Based on the test results, the finite element analysis (FEA) model was validated to analyze this behavior of ultra-high strength steel columns, and the buckling strength of pin-ended columns fabricated from such steels were calculated by the verified FEA model, which were compared with the design buckling strengths according to the Eurocode 3, the American specification for structural steel buildings ANSI/AISC 360–05, and the Chinese codes for steel structures design GB50017-2003 respectively. It shows that the major axis nondimensional buckling strengths of the ultra-high strength steel compression columns, whose buckling curve is type b according to Eurocode 3 and GB50017-2003, are much higher than that calculated according to the column curve b, even higher than the curve a₀ in Eurocode 3 and the curve a in GB50017-2003 on average, and they are also higher than the design values according to ANSI/AISC 360–05. It is therefore indicated that the buckling strength about the major axis of the ultra-high strength steel I-section columns is improved a lot compared with the ordinary strength steel columns on a non-dimensional basis, and the column curve a₀ and curve a can be adopted to design this behavior in Eurocode 3 and GB50017-2003, respectively. Besides, there is no obvious difference between the major axis nondimensional buckling strengths of the pin-ended I-section columns fabricated from these two kinds of ultra-high strength steels: S690 and S960. These research works will provide the test basis to complete the buckling design method and theory of the ultra-high strength steel columns, and also be helpful for the application of ultra-high strength steel structures.