河南嵩县祁雨沟金矿Ⅳ号爆破角砾岩体金矿化富集规律

通过对嵩县祁雨沟金矿区Ⅳ号爆破角砾岩体金矿化地质特征的研究,依据金矿化与胶结物的种类和含量、角砾大小、金属硫化物矿脉的产状和规模的关系,将金矿化划分为黄铁矿-石英阶段（Ⅰ）、石英-多金属硫化物阶段（Ⅱ）、石英-方解石阶段（Ⅲ）,并提出金矿化与多金属硫化物脉,NE向、NW向断裂,节理关系密切的新观点,为在爆破角砾岩发育地区寻找金矿提供了思路.     

一个与碱性杂岩体有关的金矿床——冀北东坪金矿

东坪金矿是我国首次发现的赋存于碱性杂岩体中的新类型金矿.金矿化与肉红色钾微斜长石化和硅化有关.矿物组合以自然金—多金属硫化物—金碲化物—氧化物为主.矿床成因为碱性杂岩体重熔、交代,钾长石化蚀变岩型.     

试论与布什维尔德杂岩体有关的铂族元素-铬铁矿矿床成矿系列及其对中国西南部的意义

布什维尔德杂岩体中铂族元素成矿作用具有多样性的特点,既有主岩体岩浆结晶分异形成的UG2和Merensky层,有晚期小岩体结晶分异产生的块状铜镍硫化物矿石中伴生的铂族元素矿床（如Nkomati）,也有岩体侵入过程中产于接触带的热液成因硫化物-铂族元素矿床（如Potgietersrust）,以及岩筒型矿床（如Mooihoek和Driekop）、剪切带热液型硫化物矿床（如TweefonteinHill）和石英脉型铂族元素矿床.这些矿床虽然产出部位不同（矿体可以分布在岩体内部也可以出现在接触带甚至远离岩体）,矿石类型也不同（有的是铬铁矿型,有的是硫化物型,有的是硅酸盐型,甚至还有石英脉型）,但铂族元素的富集都与布什维尔德基性超基性岩杂岩体密切有关,实际上构成一个完整的由布什维尔德地幔柱形成的矿床成矿系列。类似的矿床成矿系列在深受峨眉地幔柱影响的我国西南部地区也存在,这对于在我国寻找多种类型的铂族元素矿床无疑具有重要的启示意义.除了金宝山和杨柳坪等地的岩浆型铂矿外,近年来在杨柳坪、大岩子等地也先后发现了热液型铂族元素矿床.     

东坪金矿主要地质特征及控矿条件

东坪金矿产于水泉沟偏碱性杂岩体与太古宇桑干群变质岩之内接触带,矿石工业类型为石英脉和蚀变岩型,以前者为主.矿脉带走向为NNE,主要载金矿物为石英、黄铁矿、镜铁矿、黄铜矿和碲金矿,金成色937~990,矿化蚀变主要是钾长石化和硅化;肉红色钾长石化是东坪金矿乃至赋存于水泉沟杂岩体中所有金矿的典型特征.矿化共分5个阶段,其中第2、3两个阶段,即镜铁矿-自然金-石英阶段和多金属硫化物-自然金-石英阶段为主要成矿阶段.水泉沟杂岩体在东坪金矿成矿过程中,不仅提供了热动力,而且提供了成矿物质和矿化剂;太古宙桑干群涧沟河组提供了部分成矿物质,近E-W向尚义-崇礼-赤诚深大断裂控制了水泉沟金矿田的产出,而NNE和NW向两组裂隙则控制了东坪金矿矿体的产出.     

石英脉型金矿床的成矿流体研究及思考

石英脉型金矿是常见的金矿床类型.金主要以粒间金、裂隙金和包裹金3种形式赋存于石英、黄铁矿等金属硫化物中.目前了解此类金矿的成矿流体组成主要是通过石英中的流体包裹体成分的定量和定性分析结果,揭示矿床成因.但是野外和室内镜下的综合研究已证实,金矿的形成经历了若干个成矿阶段.每个阶段都有石英和金属硫化物形成,而石英要明显早于金属硫化物的结晶,同时金在硫化物中的存在形式多为包裹金和裂隙金,这至少说明金和硫化物同时结晶沉淀或金比硫化物更晚沉淀.因此,金运移沉淀结晶时的流体和石英结晶时的流体存在着明显的时间差,金矿化与黄铁矿等金属硫化物有着密切的联系.研究金属硫化物中的流体包裹体来反映主成矿阶段的成矿流体物质来源,比研究石英中的流体包裹体更具有实际的意义.     

小秦岭西峪–桐峪金矿矿床物质组分及金赋存状态研究

在野外工作的基础上，笔者通过对小秦岭金矿田中西峪–桐峪金矿光薄片鉴定、化学成分分析、电子探针分析等，查明了该矿（带）共有11条含金构造带，主要赋存于太华群大月坪组和于洞沟组，矿床赋矿岩性为黄铁矿–多金属硫化物石英脉、多金属硫化物铁白云石石英脉和蚀变岩，矿石构造主要为团块状、浸染状、脉状、网脉状、星散（星点状）状、条带状构造。载金矿物主要为黄铁矿，次为黄铜矿、方铅矿和磁黄铁矿，脉石矿物主要为石英，其次为绢云母。金矿物以独立矿物形式存在，以粒间–裂隙金为主，粒度大多为0.16～0.32 mm，矿石的结构构造有利于矿物的解离。本区金矿成矿作用主要为热液成矿期，可分为金–黄铁矿–石英阶段、金–黄铁矿–多金属硫化物–石英阶段和黄铁矿–磁黄铁矿–碳酸盐阶段。     

张八岭构造带两种类型金矿次显微金赋存状态的质子探针分析

金属硫化物中次显微金的赋存状态已引起人们的重视。张八岭构造带蚀变构造岩型和石英脉型两类金矿金属硫化物中次显微金质子探针分析显示，Au与As、Fe、S、Cu、Pb呈正相关关系，Au以显微包裹体形式存在于金属硫化物中。与蚀变构造岩型金矿相比，晚期的石英脉型金矿可见自然金含量较高，硫化物中显微包裹体金含量较低，可能预示中低温热液金矿中，不仅普遍存在时空分异的金属硫化物中的类质同象金和自然金，还可能存在一定程度的时空分异的自然金和次显微包裹体金。     

西准噶尔宝贝金矿地质与容矿火山岩的锆石SHRIMP年龄

位于西准噶尔的宝贝金矿主要由石英脉型矿石组成,主要含金矿物为银金矿,以裂隙金和包裹金的形式赋存在毒砂、黄铁矿和石英中。宝贝金矿的黄铁矿普遍含As（最高达3.88%,平均1.49%）。根据脉穿切和矿物共生组合可将宝贝金矿的成矿作用划分出四个成矿阶段：钠长石–石英阶段（I）、银金矿–黄铁矿–毒砂–石英阶段（II）、多金属硫化物浸染状矿化阶段（III）和碳酸盐化阶段（IV）,其中第II和III阶段为主要成矿期。利用锆石SHRIMP方法测定了赋矿围岩（酸性凝灰岩）的形成时代,其U–Pb谐和年龄为328.1±1.8 Ma（MSWD＝1.6, n＝13）。该年龄代表宝贝金矿赋矿围岩的形成时间,即西准噶尔地区大规模中酸性火山岩的喷发时间。     

甘肃北山拾金坡金矿床地质特征及成因分析

拾金坡金矿是甘肃北山南带较为典型的含金硫化物石英脉型金矿床,矿化富集与加里东晚期—海西早期拾金坡复式岩体密切相关。矿体产于岩体的内接触带,产出部位明显受近EW向断裂破碎带的控制。矿体主要为大脉状、脉状、透镜状。矿床中发育一套典型的中温热液成因的矿物组合,矿石以强烈的绢云母化、碳酸盐化、硅化和黄铁矿化为特征,矿石的金属矿物组合为自然金_银金矿_黄铁矿_方铅矿_闪锌矿_黄铜矿,矿化属中温热液成因。硫和铅同位素显示成矿金属物质主要来自围岩,即斑状花岗岩;氢和氧同位素组成表明成矿流体来自花岗岩浆水。成矿时代属早—中海西期。因此可推断,拾金坡金矿床属于与构造_岩浆活动有关的中温岩浆热液成因矿床。     

塔里木南缘达拉库岸Ⅱ号镁铁-超镁铁质岩体金属硫化物特征及成矿过程

<正>达拉库岸Ⅱ号镁铁-超镁铁质岩体紧邻阿尔金深大断裂南侧,大地构造位置处于塔里木板块南缘活动带之中。岩体呈岩墙状产出,主体岩性为辉石岩和辉长岩,地表露头孔雀石、铜蓝非常发育,辉石岩相中赋存有斑杂状、团块状原生硫化物。从岩体特征、深部硫化物熔离、质量平衡等综合分析,岩体形成铜镍硫化物矿床条件良好(王垚等,2012)。文章通过分析金属硫化物特征来探讨其成因并讨论     

Geochemistry of the Ore-Forming Fluids in Gold Deposits from the Taihang Mountains,Northern China

Gold deposits in the Taihang Mountains, northern China, mainly consist of quartz sulfide veins in granitoid plutons. This paper describes the geological setting of the gold deposits, and presents the results of microthermometric, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and stable isotope analyses of ore—forming fluids for the purpose of examining the characteristics of these fluids. The ore—forming fluid was of high temperature (up to 380°C) and high salinity (33–41 wt% NaCl equiv.), represented by type I inclusions (with daughter minerals). This fluid evolved to low salinity at low temperatures recorded in type II (liquid-rich) and III inclusions (vapor—rich). Primary type II inclusions coexist with type III inclusions in quartz. Type III inclusions have almost the same homogenization temperatures as type II inclusions. This probably reflects boiling. The secondary fluid inclusions homogenized at lower temperatures, and have lower salinities than primary inclusions. Based on microthermometric data, we propose that the high—temperature fluid that separated from residual magma corresponded to the ore—forming fluid represented by type I inclusions. This fluid mixed with meteoric water in the upper part of the granitic pluton and was diluted. The diluted fluid boiled, probably due to abrupt pressure decrease, and formed liquid—rich type II inclusions and vapor—rich type III inclusions. The deposition of sulfide minerals and gold probably occurred during boiling.     

西秦岭中川地区金矿床流体包裹体特征及地质意义

对西秦岭中川地区李坝、金山和马泉等大中型金矿床主要成矿阶段石英中流体包裹体的系统研究表明，这些金矿床原生流体包裹体主要有CO2—H2O、富CO2和水溶液包裹体3种类型，成矿流体以CO2—NaCl-H2O型为主，富CO2、低盐度、高温和不混溶为其主要特点。结合区内已有同位素资料、区域地质背景和成岩成矿特点，推断流体成矿作用与区内大量中生代同熔或重熔岩浆作用及其上侵定位有密切关系，成矿流体主要来源于岩浆，混入有不同程度的变质水和大气降水，并且有深部来源物质参与成矿。     

江西茅排金矿流体包裹体研究

流体包裹体的系统研究表明茅排金矿形成于中高温、中低压环境。从成矿早期至成矿晚期,成矿温度和压力、成矿流体的盐度、密度、Eh、pH、fo_2以及成分和氢氧同位素组成等具一定的演化规律。成矿流体主要来自岩浆热液,属H_2O-NaCl-CO_2(+CH_4)体系,富含CO_2、CH_4等挥发分。成矿晚期成矿流体出现不混溶性,有利于金的富集沉淀。流体包裹体中某些特征参数K~+/Na~+、CO_2/H_2O和含CO_2包裹体的丰度可作为金矿化贫富的判别标志。     

铜陵狮子山铜金矿田成矿流体成分及稳定同位素地球化学

Shizishan ore-field is a nonferrous and noble metal ore-field which is most rich in copper and gold.There are many types of fluid inclusions in minerals of the deposits.The homogeneous temperatures and the salinities of the fluid inclusions in main mineralization stages have wide ranges,while the different types of the fluid inclusions existed together and their homogeneous temperatures are almost identical in the same mineralization stage,which indicates that the ore-forming process has great relation with the fluid boiling.The gas and liquid chemical compositions and the carbon,hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the fluid inclusions show that the ore-forming fluids of copper-gold deposits have the same characteristics and evolution tendency,which reflects that the ore-forming material mainly came from the magmatism.The stratigraphic component and the meteoric water may mix in ore- forming fluids in the later mineralization stages.Furthermore,with the fall of the ore-forming temperature the ratios of water and rock decreased.The characteristics of chemical composition and carbon isotopic composition of fluid inclusions indicate that CH4 may play an important role for separating copper and gold in the ore-forming process.     

Characteristic Features of Tin–iron–copper Mineralization in the Anle-Huanggangliang Mining Area, Inner Mongolia, China

Abstract: The Anle Sn‐Cu and Huanggangliang Fe‐Sn deposits have been exploited in the Linxi district, which is located 165 km northwest of Chifeng City in northern China. In this study the formation mechanisms of the tin deposits in the Anle and Huanggangliang mining area were investigated to understand the mechanisms of tin mineralization in northern China. The veins of the Anle deposit are divided into cassiterite–quartz–chlorite veins, chalcopyrite‐bearing quartz veins, cassi–terite–chalcopyrite–bearing quartz veins and sphalerite‐quartz veins. The sequence of mineralization is tin mineralization (stage I), copper mineralization (stage II), and lead‐zinc mineralization (stage III). The Huanggangliang tin deposit consists of magnetite skarn orebodies and many cassiterite‐bearing feldspar–fluorite veins and veinlets cutting the magnetite orebodies. The fluid inclusions in quartz and fluorite in ores from the Anle and Huanggangliang tin deposits are divided into two‐phase fluid inclusions, vapor‐rich fluid inclusions and poly‐phase fluid inclusions. The final homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions of quartz in the ores of the Anle deposit and fluorite of tin‐bearing feldspar veins in the Huanggangliang tin deposit range from 195 to 425C and from 215 to 450C, respectively. The fluids responsible for the Anle and Huanggangliang tin deposits were of very high temperature and NaCl‐rich ones containing K, Ca, Al, Si, Ti, Fe and Cl in addition to ore metals such as Sn and Cu. The temperature and chemical composition of fluid in fluid inclusions of igneous rocks in the mining area are very similar to those of fluid in fluid inclusions in the ores of these deposits. The fluid for these ore deposits had a close relation with the fluid coexisting with melt of Late Jurassic granitic rocks in this mining area. Salinities of fluid inclusions from these ore deposits and granitic rocks in the mining area were estimated to range from 35 to 50 wt % NaCl equivalent. Based on arsenopy‐rite geothermometry and fluid inclusion studies, a fluid containing 40 wt% NaCl (eq.) could be formed by phase separation of fluid having 6 wt% NaCl (eq.) at a temperature of 420 to 500C and a pressure of 0.3 to 0.4 kb. The temperatures and pressures presented above indicate an NaCl‐rich magmatic fluid derived from granitic melt that had intruded into a shallow level of crust caused the Sn–Fe–Cu mineralization of the mining area. The geological relationship between these ore deposits and granitic bodies around the ore deposits, and the similarity of fluids forming these ore deposits and coexisting with granitic melt, suggest that these ore deposits were formed by the activity of fluid derived from granitic melt in Late Jurassic age.     

山西耿庄金矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因

耿庄金矿床产于燕山期隐爆角砾岩体内,是晋东北具有代表意义的金多金属矿床之一。对矿床流体包裹体系统研究表明,不同成矿阶段石英中流体包裹体主要有5种类型：富气相包裹体、富液相包裹体、含CO₂三相包裹体、含子矿物三相包裹体及少量纯液相包裹体,流体属H₂O-CO₂-NaCl体系类型。成矿前阶段包裹体类型多样,且以相似的均一温度共存,显示流体具明显沸腾及不混溶特性;成矿温度集中于170～180 ℃。结合同位素和金矿物特征,认为耿庄金矿床应为与燕山期次火山热液有关的中-低温热液型金矿床。     

黔西南水银洞金矿床流体包裹体研究

水银洞金矿床是黔西南典型的特大型卡林型金矿床之一。但其成矿流体来源尚有争议。通过对水银洞金矿床脉石英和方解石中流体包裹体的温度与压力、盐度与密度、包裹体成分和包裹体H和O同位素等方面的研究,指出水银洞卡林型金矿床成矿流体属中低温(96.7~220℃)、低盐度(NaCl)0.635%~9.861%,平均值为4.282%±2.260%、中等密度(0.725~0.977 g/cm3,平均值为0.910±0.061 g/cm3);脉石英阶段流体水化学类型属Cl--Na+型或SO42--Cl-Na+型,方解石阶段属SO42--Cl--Ca2+型。成矿流体压力可能为高-超高压(160±40 MPa);成矿流体主要是大气降水形成的地下热水,可能有部分岩浆热液的掺入。     

西藏邦布石英脉型金矿床的成因: 流体包裹体及氢-氧同位素证据

西藏邦布石英脉型金矿床是产于印度-亚洲板块陆-陆造山主碰撞汇聚环境下、与大洋俯冲无关的新型造山型金矿床。该矿床位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带南侧朗杰学增生楔的东段南缘,矿体受区域内EW向金地-鲁农复向斜和错古-折木朗壳型脆-韧性剪切带及其次级构造的控制。金矿化主要与石英脉密切相关,并包裹于脉内细粒/粗粒硫化物中。矿区内主要分布有3期石英脉:成矿前钩状石英脉、成矿期石英大脉和成矿后陡立状石英脉。文章对3期石英脉流体包裹体形态、形成温度、密度及H-O同位素等方面进行了详细的对比研究,试图查明成矿流体来源以及金的沉淀机制等问题。研究表明,钩状石英脉内包裹体主要为液相(L)包裹体,成分主要为H₂O溶液,其流体可能为早期区域变质的产物;石英大脉内包裹体主要为含CO₂气液(VL)两相包裹体,体积较大,成分主要为H₂O+CO₂+CH₄±N₂,成矿流体为深源变质流体,并与变质地层中的有机质发生强烈反应;陡立状石英脉内包裹体主要为气液两相包裹体,体积较小,其主要成分为H₂O+CO₂,流体主要与后期区域变质事件有关,为成矿后变质作用的产物。邦布金矿的主要成矿流体源自深部变质流体,流体不混溶作用可能是导致金矿沉淀的主要原因。     

藏南拉木由塔锑(金)矿床成矿流体特征及成矿机制初探

西藏拉木由塔锑(金)矿床位于藏南Sb-Au成矿带东段,矿(化)体主要赋存于中侏罗统遮拉组地层与辉绿(玢)岩脉接触带上。研究表明：石英中的流体包裹体普遍较小,主要为富液相的气液两相包裹体,形态复杂多样,主要呈长条状、浑圆状、椭圆状及不规则状。方解石中的包裹体普遍较大,也都为富液相的气液两相包裹体,形态简单,以负晶形及不规则状为主。包裹体显微测温结果显示,均一温度范围为150～344 ℃,盐度(NaCl)介于0.53%～9.61%,密度介于0.55～0.93 g/cm³,成矿压力变化于39～83 MPa,表明成矿过程主要在中低温条件下进行,成矿流体为低盐度、低密度流体。从成矿早期到晚期,流体包裹体的均一温度、盐度、压力不断降低。氢-氧同位素地球化学研究表明,含矿石英脉δDV-SMOW变化范围为-137‰～-163‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O变化于9.42‰～14.58‰,含矿方解石δDV-SMOW变化范围为-148‰～-151‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O变化于-9.83‰～-17.02‰,成矿流体中的水主要来自大气降水。该矿床成矿物质的沉淀主要是由水岩反应和混合作用引起的。     

吉林荒沟山金矿床成矿流体特征

荒沟山金矿床为吉南老岭金-多金属成矿带内较具代表性矿床之一,产于元古宇老岭群珍珠门组地层之中,受韧性剪切带构造控制.按地质特征、矿物组合及矿脉之间的穿切关系,将荒沟山金矿床热液成矿作用划分为Ⅰ黄铁矿-毒砂-石英阶段和Ⅱ晚期辉锑矿-乳白色石英两个阶段.系统的流体包裹体岩相学及显微测温研究表明:Ⅰ阶段石英中发育含CO₂三相、碳质及气液两相3种类型的原生流体包裹体,成矿流体属不混溶的中低温、低盐度NaCl-H₂O-CO₂体系热液,在成矿过程中发生过不混溶作用而导致金等有用元素沉淀富集;Ⅱ阶段石英颗粒中主要发育气液两相包裹体,成矿流体属均匀的NaCl-H₂O体系热液.碳、氢、氧同位素研究表明,Ⅰ阶段成矿流体主要来源于岩浆热液,Ⅱ阶段流体除继承早阶段的热液外,还有大气降水的混入;δD和δ13C_V-PDB值分析结果证明两个成矿阶段流体均与地层发生过较强的水岩反应.矿床成因属于中温岩浆热液矿床.