罗布麻播种期试验（摘要）

试验共进行3年（1964－1966）,供试品种为山东红麻鲁1。1964年3月10日至6月26日分14期播:1965上2月28日至9月30日分9期播种;1966年2月28日至4月30日8期播种。试验结果看出,罗布麻在陕西关中平原,春,夏,秋三季播种皆可同苗。但播种过早,不但出苗率低,而且幼苗阶段（4对真叶前）经历日数长达50－70d风险较大,幼苗易于死亡;若播种迟,土温较高,播后出苗快,幼苗生长也快,但生长期较短,生长势不如适时播种者;播期延至8－9月份,虽能出苗,但生长明显较差,且保苗不易,9月播种甚至不能越冬。根据出苗率,出苗速度,保苗率与植株生长情况等方面综合分析,在陕西关中平原地区以平均气温12℃-16℃左右,时间经为3月下旬到4月上旬,即清明节前后是罗布麻最适宜的播种时期。     

适应气候变化的吉林省半干旱区玉米播种期

全球气候变化背景下,吉林省西部半干旱区气候发生明显变化,对该区域的玉米生产产生了深刻影响.本文于2008年进行了3个早播和传统播种试验,早播的玉米种子分别进行3种处理(10℃催芽、25℃催芽和干种子),考察早播不同种子处理对玉米出苗、生长和产量的影响,比较早播与传统播期对玉米生长和产量的影响.结果表明:1961-2010年,研究区玉米生长季初日提前,气温显著升高,降水呈减少趋势;目前,吉林省半干旱区玉米播种可提前至4月11日;采用10℃水温浸种催芽播种、直接播种干种子、坐水种等方式,均有利于早播的出苗和抗寒;早播玉米株高和叶面积显著高于传统播期,产量比传统播期高35％ ～48％.     

不同种源麻栎苗期生长性状差异及聚类分析

对31个麻栎（Quercus acutissima Carr．）种源及20个麻栎单株（广西融水）1年生播种苗的生长状况及其与种源地地理位置和气候因子的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,不同种源播种苗的株高为53．40～121．16cm,从5月份至9月份呈匀速增长;地径为7．62—14．65mm,生长高峰期在7月中旬至9月中旬;叶面积指数为9．6～29．4,平均达16．1。20个单株播种苗的株高为78．49—101．23cm,地径为8．87—10．48mm,叶面积指数为7．6—17．9。不同种源麻栎和同一种源不同单株间的株高、地径和叶面积指数均存在极显著差异（P〈0．01）。播种苗的生长状况与种源地的纬度呈极显著负相关;与种源地的年均降水量和年均温度有一定的相关性。通过聚类分析可将31个麻栎种源分为3类,江西上饶、浙江龙泉、浙江富阳、浙江开化、贵州三穗和贵州黄平等6个种源为优良种源。     

马铃薯遗传转化体系的优化及玉米淀粉分支酶基因SBEⅡb的导入

以马铃薯脱毒试管苗茎段为转化受体材料,建立并优化了农杆菌介导的马铃薯遗传转化体系。通过农杆菌介导法将玉米淀粉分支酶基因(Starch branching enzyme b,SBEⅡb)的过表达载体转化马铃薯,接种762个茎段,共获得35株抗性植株。经PCR检测获得了4株转基因阳性植株;对转基因植株进一步进行GUS活性组织化学染色,发现转基因植株的茎段与试管薯均被染上蓝色,表明外源SBEⅡb基因已整合到马铃薯基因组,且正常表达。     

Optimization of genetic transformation system of potato and introduction of maize starch branching enzyme gene SBEⅡb into potatoFAN

以马铃薯脱毒试管苗茎段为转化受体材料,建立并优化了农杆菌介导的马铃薯遗传转化体系.通过农杆菌介导法将玉米淀粉分支酶基因(Starch branching enzyme b,SBEⅡb)的过表达载体转化马铃薯,接种762个茎段,共获得35株抗性植株.经PCR检测获得了4株转基因阳性植株;对转基因植株进一步进行GUS活性组织化学染色,发现转基因植株的茎段与试管薯均被染上蓝色,表明外源SBEⅡb基因已整合到马铃薯基因组,且正常表达.     

品种、种子大小和施肥对冬小麦生物学特性的影响

试验设不同年代冬小麦品种、粒重、播种方式和施肥等4个因子,品种选用白芒麦（20世纪60年代）、咸农39（20世纪70-80年代）、小偃6号（20世纪90年代后期）、远丰998（近期）等不同年代的4个冬小麦品种,粒重分为2种截然不同重量的大粒和小粒,播种方式设小粒单播、大粒单播以及大小粒等比例混播等3种播种方式,施肥设不施肥（CK）、施氮（N）、施磷（P）和同时施氮磷（NP）等4种方式,共48个处理。以土垫旱耕人为土为供试土样,进行盆栽试验,研究不同品种、种子大小和施肥对冬小麦生物学特性的影响。结果表明,不同品种间、大小粒播种间、不同施肥间植株株高均存在极显著差异（p〈0.01）,且这些因子间存在显著的交互作用（p〈0.05）。品种间,苗期和越冬前以近期品种远丰998植株最高,灌浆期以早期品种白芒麦植株最高。株高稳定后以早期品种高,反映了育种的演变趋势。大小粒播种间,苗期和越冬前大粒株高均显著高于小粒株高,但灌浆期大小粒播种间株高差异基本消失,说明大粒种子植株在苗期生长具有一定优势。不同施肥处理间株高差异在苗期与越冬前表现一致,单施P和NP配施植株较高;灌浆期以NP配施植株株高明显高于其它施肥处理。不同品种、大小粒播种方式和施肥显著影响冬小麦分蘖和单株叶面积。白芒麦、咸农39和小偃6号的分蘖数基本一致,变化在4.37个/株-4.74个/株之间,远丰998最少,仅为2.95个/株;NP配施和施P能够显著增加分蘖数,其分蘖数几乎是不施肥（CK）和单施N的2倍;各品种大粒种子植株分蘖数均多于小粒种子植株。远丰998绿叶面积最大（45.72cm^2/单茎）,白芒麦最低（仅为26.97cm^2/单茎）;NP配施单株绿叶面积明显大于其它施肥处理。除远丰998大粒种子植株绿叶面积（50.42cm^2/单茎）显著大于小粒种子（41.01cm^2/单茎）外,其余品种大、小粒种子植株绿叶面积相当。就施肥处理而言,施肥对近期品种小粒种子株高、分蘖数和叶面积的促进作用相对较大,而对远期品种小粒种子植株的影响相对较小。     

提高玉米花粉植株诱导频率的研究

当前,在玉米花药培养中普遍存在着花粉 植株诱导频率低的问题,因而限制了花粉植株 在育种实践中的广泛应用。为了提高玉米花粉 植株的诱导频率,1978-1979年我们进行了一 些初步研究。1978年共接种花药51,290枚,诱 导出胚状体和愈伤组织1,683块,平均诱导率 （每100个花药产生的愈伤组织和胚状体数,下 同）为3.28%,分化出绿苗345株,绿苗诱导率 （每100个花药产生的绿苗数,下同）为0.67%。 1979年愈伤组织的平均诱导率达8.81%,分化 出975株绿苗,绿苗诱导率为1.61%。现将试 验结果简要报道如下。     

广东松幼苗存活率和生长特征的初步研究

2006年5月至2008年7月,在南岭国家级自然保护区测定了不同年龄、不同种植方式的广东松(Pinus kwangtungensis)幼苗的存活率、株高和基径等指标,以期为国家保护植物广东松的保育提供资料。结果表明,实验期间袋栽苗存活率下降明显,从开始时的100%下降到结束时的50%;裸植苗与移植苗的存活率从100%下降到80%左右。总月均株高、基径的增量,袋栽苗、裸植苗、移植苗依次为1.01、1.39、2.76cm;0.17、0.20、0.64mm。年均株高、基径增值,移植苗、裸植苗、移植苗依次为32.91、17.22、12.77cm;7.64、2.31、2.0mm。随着年龄的增长,各组幼苗的株高和基径增长均加快,株高与基径之间存在着极显著的线性相关关系,广东松幼苗至10a生仍属快速生长期。     

大豆种子形成过程中脂肪的积累

这个试验是在吉林省农业科学院进行的。供试品种是小金黄一号。1960年4月底播种。密度和各种管理措施与一般栽培相同。7月8日开花。从8月8日到9月2日,每隔一定天数摘取主茎中部的豆荚。取样部位尽求一致,因为大豆植株不同部位的种子含     

农杆菌介导的橡胶草遗传转化体系的建立

以橡胶草为试验材料,利用农杆菌介导法进行遗传转化研究。结果表明：50 mg/L的卡那霉素(Kan)对橡胶草的抗性芽具有很好地筛选效果,生根筛选时,Kan的适宜质量浓度为35 mg/L;最佳抑菌抗生素为羧苄青霉素（cb）,适宜质量浓度为500 mg/L,获得35株抗性试管苗,通过GUS染色及分子生物学检测,最终获得6株转基因植株,转化率为17.1%。可见,获得的橡胶草转基因植株,为橡胶草后续的遗传转化研究奠定了基础。     

美国加州Modesto莲园及其莲花品种介绍

介绍了美国加利福尼亚州Modesto莲园的基本情况和现有的莲花栽培品种名录。     

THE BIOLOGY OF THYSANOPTERA WITH REFERENCE TO THE COTTON PLANT

Investigations were made of the degree of infestation of plants grown in light soil and in clay soil sown at different dates. The plants sown late in the season in light soil were more affected by the thrips, the infestation being relatively high almost from the germination of the plant and causing death before the flowering stage was reached. On the blocks of plants in light soil sown earlier in the year the infestation was relatively low for a considerable period, and although, at the end of the season, the thrips became very numerous on these plants it was not until after the bolls had been formed, and in this case the practical damage was small.
The plants sown in clay soil at different dates did not show such a marked difference in the degree of infestation, and all were less infested by the insects than the corresponding blocks of plants in light soil. This corroborates the findings of previous experiments, namely, that plants grown in light soil are found to be more heavily infested by T. tabaci than plants grown under similar conditions in clay soil.
I should like to take this opportunity of thanking Prof. Dunkerly for his helpful criticism, Miss R. M. Smith and Mr I. Thomas for their assistance in making the counts, and Mr R. Stewart for his analysis of the soils used.     

莲花(Nelumbo nucifera)雌性器官变态的初步观察

莲花雄蕊的瓣化致使产生了很多重瓣或半重瓣的品种,而雌蕊的变态则使花朵呈“台阁”状花态。这些性器官的变态,不仅在育种上有实用的价值,可以选育各种特异花型的品种;而且在遗传性变异的基础研究方面也有意义。本文根据在美国加州Modesto市中国文化中心莲园夏播莲花实生苗当年开花植株的观察,初次报道莲花雌性器官的变态现象。雌性器官变态,系指心皮的变态和花托的不同程度退化或消失。作者根据心皮与花托的形态发育状况将其分为六个等级。有关这些性状变异的细胞学基础,尚待进一步研究。     

洪湖子莲开花结实习性及调控技术的研究

阐明了子莲开花结实习性与花期气候的关系,并以洪湖气候与子莲开花结实的关系,莲蓬大小和莲蓬心皮数目与荷花发育时所处季节地关系以及死蕾,死花,死果与开花时天气的关系等三方面,论证了在该区调控子莲开花结实的必要性。最后还提出了调控子莲开花结实的几项农业技术。     

THE BIOLOGY OF THE WAVED ALBATROSS DIOMEDEA IRRORATA OF HOOD ISLAND, GALAPAGOS

As a nesting species, the Waved Albatross Diomedea irrorata is restricted to Hood Island in the Galapagos archipelago where 12,000 pairs bred in 1971. Outside the islands the species occurs over the northern parts of the Humboldt Current. Two colonies were studied in detail (1970–1971). At the start of a season, males returned first to the colonies and defended a small territory. Copulation occurred without any elaborate ceremony and the female spent little time on land before laying. There was no fixed nest-site, even within a season, and birds moved their eggs considerable distances. This resulted in heavy egg losses. Younger birds bred later than older birds and laid longer but narrower eggs. The average incubation spell varied from four to five days at the extremes of the incubation period to 19 days in the middle. The average incubation and fledging periods were 60 and 167 days respectively. Pairs which lost an egg sometimes adopted the abandoned egg of another bird and successfully reared the chick. Most pairs nested in both seasons. Nesting success was extremely variable, both between years and between colonies. Between 1961 and 1971 at Punta Suarez, virtually no young were reared in four seasons. Even in 1970–71, where nesting success was good, some groups of birds deserted their eggs en masse whereas in neighbouring areas up to 80% of the pairs reared young. The main foods of the young were squid and fish. Birds did not moult wing and tail feathers at the breeding colonies, and about 50% retained some primaries for more than one season, suggesting that successful pairs had difficulty in fitting in a complete moult between breeding attempts. Old feathers were normally found among the inner primaries and at the next moult were preferentially replaced, though adjacent newer feathers were sometimes retained for another season. Some birds bred in their fourth years, but most not until a year or two older. Immatures were present at the colonies late in the breeding cycle, the youngest returning latest and remaining until the last young fledged. Survival of adults and young averaged at least 95% and 93% per annum over many years. Adults and young ringed in 1961 survived equally well. The significance of the timing of the return of immatures and of the large-scale desertion of eggs, apparently not due to food shortage or disturbance, is discussed.     

OBSERVATIONS OF GROUP BEHAVIOUR AND BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE YELLOW-BILLED SHRIKE CORVINELLA CORVINA

Yellow-billed Shrikes were found to live in groups throughout the year. Within the group, each member helped to defend the group's territory, warn against predators and feed the breeding female, nestlings and fledglings.
During the study there was little change in the location of the boundaries and in the areas of the territories occupied by the majority of the groups. The densities of the larger groups were in general two to three times that of smaller groups. Numbers within one group varied by ±24% of the average (12) during a period of three years.
Progeny remained in a group for some years before dispersing, sometimes in parties of the same sex. Both sexes exchanged groups, the females moving on average further than males. During successive periods in the history of a group the representation of the sexes varied from a surplus of females to a surplus of males. In the population as a whole the sex ratio was probably parity.
Only one female bred in a group at a particular time and she alone incubated. Eggs were laid on consecutive days. Breeding started at the height of the dry season; the first peak in egg laying occurred at the beginning of the rains; laying continued through the wet season and ceased usually in August. The most frequent clutch size was four, and varied little within a breeding season or between seasons. The incubation period ranged from 15 to 18 days, the most frequently recorded being 17 days. The nestling period was 19 days. The percentage of total eggs laid that produced fledglings was 25% and yearlings 11%.
Young shrikes were independent in the seventh week, participated in group displays in their tenth week and fed fledglings in their fourteenth week.
The age of first breeding was not discovered. Two females in their sixth year were still helpers in a group at the end of the study.     

水生观赏植物的调查和研究

水生绿化观赏植物是美化园林水景的重要植物材料,作者通过几年的调查研究和引种栽培,提出了28种(其中荷花含18个品种,睡莲含20个品种)水生绿化观赏植物,同时介绍了20种(其中荷花含6个品种)观赏价值较高的水生绿化观赏植物。     

青海海北地区矮嵩草草甸生物量和能量的分配

 此项研究工作于1980年在海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站进行。本文研究了青藏高原地区分布面积广、草质优良,在畜牧业生产中有重要意义的矮嵩草草甸的生物量和它的能量分配关系,测定了地上,地下生物量和不同物候期主要植物类群的热值含量。研究结果表明：矮嵩草草甸生物量的季节动态较为明显,地上生物量随生长季节的水热条件和植物的生长发育阶段而变化,9月初地上生物量达到峰值(296.66g／m2),此后生物量逐渐减少,到枯黄前而停止;地下根系生物量在返青期较高,生长旺盛期最低,枯黄期最高,这同植物生长发育阶段的物质运转有关。矮嵩草草甸主要植物类群的热值以生长旺盛期最高,枯黄期次之,返青期较低;各类草的热值,以莎草类最高,禾草类次之,杂类草最低。矮嵩草草甸总初级生产量为909.49g／m2·年,其中地上为296.66g／m2·年,地下为596.67g／m2·年,枯枝落叶为16.16g／m2·年。群落在不同生长期所固定的太阳能数值不一,以枯黄前所固定的太阳能为最多,生长期整个群落的光能利用率为0.295%。     

白唇鹿交配季节的群体活动

成年白唇鹿平时雌雄分开话动,只有在交配季节即将来临时,才混合群集由暖季栖息地向越冬栖息地迁移,并最后组成交配群。但各交配群之间界线分明,由主雄支配全群其他成员。交配期约81天,交配盛期为9月底至l0月下旬,共24天。当天气突变时,如下大雪,则会扰乱其正常生活,表现出更换卧息地、中止采食或交配等。     

SEASONAL CHANGES IN THE FOLIAR ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEMS IN CYCLOBALANOPSIS HELFERIANA AND TERMINTHIA PANICULATA IN THE HOT-DRY VALLEY OF THE YUANJIANG RIVER, CHINA

 为探讨我国西南干热河谷这一严酷生境中植物抗氧化系统对多种胁迫因子的响应机制, 以该地区最干热的元江河谷萨王纳植被中光合能力有明显差异的两个优势种——常绿的毛枝青冈(Cyclobalanopsis helferiana)和干热季落叶的三叶漆(Terminthia paniculata)为材料, 研究了其抗氧化系统活性在高温雨季、干凉季和干热季的变化规律。结果表明: 从总体上看两树种抗氧化系统在干凉季活性最高, 然而, 两树种谷胱甘肽转移酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶都在随后的干热季特异表达。两树种主要非酶抗氧化物质——抗坏血酸(ASC)和谷胱甘肽库容量与水-水循环起端酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性差异不大, 但光合速率低的三叶漆水-水循环和抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环其它酶活性显著高于光合强的毛枝青冈。三叶漆抗氧化系统比毛枝青冈启动积极, 但后者有更持久的抗氧化能力。与其它逆境中植物相比, 两树种有更发达的抗氧化系统, 故能始终保持相对低的丙二醛含量。