富镍镨掺杂镍钛形状记忆合金的微结构、相变特性与硬度（英文）

采用真空熔炼法向NiTi二元合金中掺杂Pr稀土元素,制备了多组分原子分数的Ni_(50)Ti_(50-x)Pr_x(x=0,0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9)合金。研究了Pr元素的添加对NiTi合金金相组织、相变温度和硬度的影响。结果表明,Ni_(50)Ti_(50-x)Pr_x合金由NiTi基体与NiPr夹杂相组成,其中Ni_(50)Ti_(49.5)Pr_(0.5)合金的马氏体相变温度达73℃,合金的热滞窄至37℃,维氏硬度约为2850 MPa。Pr元素的添加显著降低了NiTi合金的马氏体相变温度,同时,与其他NiTi基合金相比,NiTiPr合金保持了较窄的热滞和较高的硬度。     

Fe的添加对NiTi形状记忆合金相变行为的影响（英文）

制备了三种名义成分分别为Ni_(50)Ti_(50)、Ni_(49)Ti_(49)Fe2和Ni45Ti51.8Fe3.2(摩尔分数,%)的不同NiTi基合金来揭示Fe的添加对NiTi形状记忆合金相变行为的影响。采用光学显微分析法、透射电子显微分析法、X射线衍射和差示扫描量热法对这些合金的组织和相变行为进行分析。结果表明,Ni_(50)Ti_(50)合金的基体由B19′马氏体相和B2奥氏体相组成。而且,在B19′相中可以观察到孪晶亚结构。然而,三元NiTi Fe合金的组织则为B2奥氏体相。这两种合金的基体中弥散分布着大量的Ti2Ni沉淀相。NiTi形状记忆合金中添加Fe后导致三元合金的相变温度下降。由机理分析可以得到如下结论:这一现象主要是由原子的弛豫引起的,弛豫会导致相变过程中B2相的稳定化。     

TiNi和TiNiCu记忆合金可逆应变能与温度的经验关系

在实验基础上研究了Ti_(50)Ni_(50),Ti_(50)Ni_(45)Cu_2)和Ti_(50)Ni_(45)Cu_5的可逆形状记忆效应,得到可逆应变能U_r与温度的经验关系: U_r=U_0[1-exp(-mT_R~N)] 式中,n是形状一温度敏感指数,m是与材料特性有关的常数.移植Johnson-Mehl-Avrami描述相变-时间关系的唯象方法,得到与可逆形状记忆效应相伴随的热弹性马氏体相变与温度的半定量关系,且与上述经验关系对应.     

退火温度对等径角挤压处理Ti_(49.2)Ni_(50.8)合金马氏体相变的影响（英文）

利用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、透射电子显微观察(TEM)与差示扫描量热分析(DSC)研究退火处理对等径角挤压Ti_(49.2)Ni_(50.8)合金马氏体相变行为的影响。经等径角挤压及后续退火处理的Ti_(49.2)Ni_(50.8)合金在室温下由B2母相、Ti_4Ni_2O相与B19′马氏体相组成。冷却过程中试样均表现出B2→R→B19′两步相变。加热过程中,退火温度不超过400°C的试样呈现B19′→R→B2两步相变;退火温度高于500°C的试样呈现B19′→B2一步相变。等径角挤压过程中引入的位错导致R相变的相变区间变宽。     

冷轧加工纳米结构Ti_(50)Ni_(48)Co_2形状记忆合金的超弹性行为（英文）

研究冷轧后退火对Ti_(50)Ni_(48)Co_2形状记忆合金显微组织演化和超弹性性能的影响。结果表明,在冷轧制过程中,合金的显微组织经历了应力诱导马氏体相变和马氏体塑性变形、变形孪晶、马氏体中沿孪晶和不同晶界的位错堆积、纳米晶化、非晶化以及马氏体向奥氏体的可逆相变6个基本阶段。在400℃退火1 h后,冷轧样品中形成的非晶相完全晶化,生成了一个完全纳米晶体的结构。这种纳米晶体合金的峰应力高达730 MPa,明显高于粗晶Ni_(50)Ti_(50)和Ti_(50)Ni_(48)Co_2合金。而且,纳米晶Ti_(50)Ni_(48)Co_2合金具有较高的阻尼容量和较好的储能效率。     

自由锻Ti-Ni形状记忆合金的显微组织和超弹性（英文）

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)法将元素钛粉和镍粉制备成Ti-51%Ni形状记忆合金(SMAs)。研究目的是采用自由锻二次加工以提高SPS合金的性能。对自由锻前后合金的显微组织、相变温度和超弹性进行比较。结果表明,自由锻可以显著提高Ti-Ni形状记忆合金的拉伸强度和形状记忆性能,自由锻后合金的韧性从6.8%提高到了9.2%,超弹性的应变范围从5%增加到7.5%,应变恢复速率从72%提高到92%。Ti-51%Ni合金显微组织中含有立方奥氏体相(B2)基体、单斜马氏体相(B19′)、第二相(Ti_3Ni_4,Ti_2Ni和TiNi_3)和氧化物相(Ti_4Ni_2O,Ti_3O_5)。自由锻后再经500°C时效处理的最终样品的马氏体相变温度向高温方向偏移,这是由于Ti_3Ni_4相(透射电镜下可以观察到)的析出而导致基体中Ni含量的减少。总之,自由锻可以提高Ti-51%Ni形状记忆合金的超弹性和力学性能。     

Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9合金的相变滞后和应变马氏体的稳定性SCIEI

用不同温度下的拉伸试验、电阻法测量和透射电镜分析系统地研究了Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9合金的相变滞后及其影响因素,探讨了应变马氏体的稳定性。结果表明,存在一个特征形变温度和形变量范围,在这个范围内形变时,可以得到宽的相变滞后和高的应变恢复率。不规则的孪晶马氏体和含有位错亚结构的马氏体,以及与β-Nb质点相交截的马氏体都具有较高的稳定性。     

合金成分对NiTi-Al基合金显微组织的影响

研究了不同Al含量和Ni/(Ti+Al)原子比对NiTi-Al基合金显微组织的影响。结果表明:在Ni_(50)Ti_(50-x)Al_x(x=0,5,7和9)合金体系中,当Al≤7 at%时,合金的微观组织并未发生明显的变化,均由NiTi基体相和分布于晶界处的Ti_2Ni+NiTi非规则共晶组织构成,而在Al含量升高至9 at%时,Ni_2TiAl相则会作为初生相析出。在Ni_(50-y)Ti_(43+y)Al_7(y=-2,-1,0和2)合金体系中,随着Ni元素含量的增加,Ti_2Ni相的体积分数逐渐降低,但当Ni≥51 at%时,Ti_2Ni相的体积分数基本保持一致,同时Ti_2Ni+NiTi非规则共晶组织消失,Ti_2Ni相以短条状或点状形态分布在晶界处。此外,NiTi-Al基合金在经过1200℃×12 h固溶和850℃×10 h时效的热处理之后,会在基体上均析出了大量的Ni_2TiAl相,但随着Ni元素含量的增加,Ni_2TiAl相的组织稳定性显著降低,并且晶界处的Ni_2TiAl相先于晶内的Ni_2TiAl相失去与基体之间的共格关系。综合考虑,Ni_(50)Ti_(43)Al_7合金有着较低的Ti_2Ni相体积分数以及优异的Ni_2TiAl相高温稳定性,是进一步研究NiTi-Al基合金组织与性能的适宜对象。     

NiTi合金中一个新的时效析出相

用自蔓延燃烧合成法(SHS)制备了比较致密的NiTi合金,并对经固溶和时效处理后的合金进行了X射线衍射和透射电子显微术分析,在样品中除了有热处理前就存在的Ti_2Ni外,又出现了两种相,一种是已报道过的Ti_(11)Ni_(14)(又称Ti_3Ni_4),为菱形结构(a=0.67nm,α=113.85°),它与基体(B2结构,a=0.302nm)的关系为:(111)_(Ti)_(11)Ni_(14)∥(111)_B_2,{110}_(Ti)_(11)_(Ni)_(14)∥{123}_(B2)另一种为新的时效析出相,可用基体中部分Ti原子被Ni原子占据形成的长程有序结构描述,晶格常数为0.873nm,分子式为Ti_(13)Ni_(14)它是一种时效析出亚稳相。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys by In Situ Laser Directed Energy DepositionEI北大核心CSCD

以Ni粉与Ti粉为原料,采用激光定向能量沉积(LDED)技术制备NiTi形状记忆合金。利用XRD、物相拟合、SEM、EDS和DSC等测试方法,对NiTi合金的显微组织、物相含量和物相转变进行分析,随后采用压缩圆柱样品进行形状记忆效应测试,并评估其形状记忆效应。激光能量密度较低时,NiTi合金中产生大量Ni_(4)Ti_(3)相沉淀,随着激光能量密度增加,Ni_(4)Ti_(3)相消失。激光能量密度为20.0 J/mm^(2)时,NiTi合金具有2878 MPa的压缩断裂强度与34.9%的压缩失效应变,且样品在循环20 cyc后具有88.2%形状记忆恢复率。     

HYSTERESIS OF PHASE TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURE IN NiTi SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY

The relationship between structure and hysteresis of phase transformation temperature inNiTi shape memory alloy has been investigated by means of TEM observation,positron an-nihilation and electrical resistivity measurement.The sequence of hysteresis for the alloy agedunder different regimes was found to be:plate martensite>R-phase>tie-like martensite.The reversible displaeement of phase boundaries of these transformations is blocked by the co-herent stress field around Ti_(11)Ni_(14)phase particles.A linear relationship between S paramet-er of positron annihilation and maximum values of temperature hysteresis showed that themismatch dislocation and elastic stress field established by Ti_(11)Ni_(14)phase precipitation arethe main factor to determine the temperature hysteresis of phase transformation in NiTi shapememory alloy.     

TRANSFORMATION HYSTERESIS AND STABILITY OF STRAIN MARTENSITE IN A Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9 ALLOY

The transformation hysteresis and stability of strain martensite in Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_ alloy have been studied by means of tensile tests at various temperatures and electrical resistance measurements as well as TEM observations.It was shown that there is a characteristic deformation temperature and a strain range,in which the critical yield stress for stress-in- duced transformation acquires optimum matching with the yield strength of the β-Nb parti- cles.In this case,deformatian can effectively increase the transformation hysteresis,while the strain recovery ratio remains usefully high.The martensite with irreguldar fine.twin substructure and martensite containing some dislocations as well as martensite intersected by the β-Nb particles possess high stability.     

Strain glass in defect-containing ferroelastic Ti_(44)Ni_(51)Nb_5 alloy

An abnormal phenomenon was investigated in Ti_(44)Ni_(51)Nb_5 alloy which exhibits an absence of martensite transformation and a negative temperature dependence of electrical resistivity with the temperature decreasing.X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis shows the matrix phase keeps a B2 structure during cooling without a martensite transformation,and dynamic mechanical analysis displays a frequency-dependent AC modulus/loss anomaly at T_g according to Vogel-Fulcher relation.Simultaneously,transmission electronic microscope(TEM) analysis manifests the superlattice spots at near 1/3 commensurate position,implying an existence of strain nanodomains with an R-like structure.And above experiment results provide evidence for the "strain glass" transition in defect-containing ferroelastic Ti_(44)Ni_(51)Nb_5 alloy.     

NiTi形状记忆合金的氢致表面损伤

研究了近等原子比NiTi形状记忆合金在阴极充氢后时效过程中表面的相变与破坏,认为时效裂纹的产生与奥氏体不锈钢类似,为氢释放和氢致马氏体分解导致表面收缩产生较大张应力所致,时效过程中裂纹扩展持续时间超过5天。氢致马氏体微观形貌与应力诱发马氏体相似,二者形貌上不可区分。氢化物与基体的界面和氢致马氏体与奥氏体相界面在时效过程中可能成为裂纹源。     

Ti-13at.-％Ni-37at.-％Pd记忆合金预形变与高温形状记忆效应SCIEI

本文着重地研究了Ti-13at.-％Ni-37at.-％Pd合金的高温形状记忆效应与预形变温度的关系.该合金A_s温度是620K,具有单程形状记忆效应和双程形状记忆效应。在620—640K温度预形变,可以得到最大的形状记忆应变,这与在此温区产生的最小可逆应变能有关。     

HIGH TEMPERATURE SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT AND PRE-DEFORMATION FOR Ti_(50) Ni_(13) Pd_(37) ALLOY

The dependence of high temperature shape memory effect on the pre-deformation tempera-ture of the Ti_(50)Ni_3Pd_(37) alloy has been studied.This alloy,of which the reverse transformationstart temperature on heating is 620 K,has both one-way and two-way shape memory effects.The maximum shape memory strain of the ahoy may be obtained under pre-deformation inthe range of 620 to 640 K.This seems to be related to the minimum recoverable strain energyemerged from the above mentioned temperature range.     

BSTUDY ON Ni_(25)Ti_(50)Cu_(25) SHAPE MEMORY PARTICLE/Al MATRIX COMPOSITE

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真空感应重熔NiTi形状记忆合金室温拉伸力学性能

采用真空感应熔炼炉制备NiTi合金,并对重熔后的合金进行不同制度热处理。研究NiTi形状记忆合金边角料重熔合金不同温度时效后的室温拉伸力学性能。结果表明,NiTi形状记忆合金边角料重熔后,其室温屈服强度和抗拉强度均有不同程度的提高,断后延伸率略有增加,应力诱发马氏体相变对应的形状回复率降低;合金塑性变形能力随时效温度的升高而变差;合金中R相重新取向所提供的延伸率从总体上看比由单质原材料一次熔炼而成的合金要高。     

Ti-50.8Ni合金的相变、形状记忆和超弹性特性

用热重分析仪、X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、示差扫描热分析仪和拉伸试验研究了Ti-50.8Ni形状记忆合金的组织、相变、形状记忆效应(SME)和超弹性(SE)特性。结果表明,Ti-50.8Ni合金在600℃以下退火后组织呈纤维状,在该温度以上退火后组织呈等轴状。加热温度超过600℃后合金氧化加剧。随退火温度Ta升高,合金冷却/加热过程中的相变类型由A→R→M/M→R→A型向A→R→M/M→A型再向A→R/R→A型转变(A—奥氏体,R—R相,M—马氏体),合金的M相变温度升高,R相变温度降低,M相变热滞降低,合金室温特性由SME+SE向SE转变。形变温度Td<20℃时,合金弹簧呈SME+SE,Td>30℃时,合金弹簧呈SE。随Td升高,合金弹簧的应力诱发M应力升高。