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1.
目的 探讨北京市气象因素与季节性流感活动水平的关联性及其滞后效应。 方法 收集北京市2014—2019年5个流感季监测数据及同期气象资料,对流感活动度及气象因素数据进行统计学描述分析,利用分布滞后非线性模型分析流感活动水平与气象因素的关联。 结果 2014—2019年北京市季节性流感活动度与日均气温、日均相对湿度和日均风速均呈非线性负相关关系。日均气温在-14.3 ℃时累积风险最大, RR值为25.42(95% CI:11.84~54.57)。日均相对温度在8.0%时累积风险最大, RR值为36.61(95% CI:24.72~54.22)。日均风速在0.5 m/s时累积风险最大, RR值为3.24(95% CI:1.75~6.00)。 结论 低温、低相对湿度和风速较小的气候条件与北京市季节性流感活动度水平增强有关,能够增加流感的传播风险。  相似文献   

2.
目的 探讨北京市西城区气象因素对流感样病例数的影响。 方法 采用广义相加模型(GAM),在控制长期趋势、季节波动及其他混杂因素基础上,分析西城区2012年7月至2017年6月气象因素对流感样病例数的影响。 结果 西城区的流感高峰季出现在冬春季,当最低气温处于-10℃以下、平均相对湿度在60%~80%、日照时数为7~10 h、平均风速达到4 m/s以上的天气条件下易出现流感高峰。各气象因素滞后2 d对流感样病例数影响最大,最低气温每增加1℃,流感样病例数减少0.87%(0.85%~0.89%);平均相对湿度每增加1%,流感样病例数减少0.11%(0.10%~0.13%);日照时数每增加1 h,流感样病例数减少0.03%(0.02%~0.04%);风速每增加1 m/s,流感样病例数增加0.51%(0.22%~0.80%)。 结论 最低气温、平均相对湿度、日照时数、平均风速是影响北京市西城区流感样病例数的主要气象因素,可将其作为流感防控和监测预警的指标。  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨流感样病例与气象因素、空气质量因素的相关关系,用时间序列分析法构建流感样病例预测模型,对流感预警预测技术进行有效探索。 方法 收集2014年至2017年呼和浩特市流感样病例监测资料及同期气象资料和空气质量因素资料,分析流感样病例与气象因素和空气质量因素的相关性,建立该地区流感样病例季节性自回归移动平均(seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average,SARIMA)模型,分析比较外部因素引入前后模型的拟合优度和预测精度。 结果 呼和浩特市流感样病例周病例数有明显的季节性及周期性,流感样病例周病例数与气温周均数滞后1周相关( r S =0.550, P<0.01)、与湿度周均数滞后1周相关( r S =-0.304, P<0.01)。气温周均数滞后1周纳入流感样病例周病例数SARIMA(1,0,1)(0,1,1) 52预测模型,拟合优度和预测精度均有所提高。 结论 流感样病例与空气质量因素偏相关分析未见有统计学意义;流感样病例的流行与气温周均数和湿度周均数有关,包含气温周均数的SARIMA模型可作为短期预测流感流行的技术方法。  相似文献   

4.
高磊  刘兵  李桥 《中国医学物理学杂志》2010,27(2):1806-1809,1820
目的:探讨各种急症发病与气象条件的关系,建立基于人工神经网络的医疗气象预报模型,为预防和控制各种急症的发病提供科学参考。方法:收集济南市急救中心2007~2008年的急诊病例和同期天气资料,利用SAS9.0统计软件进行气象因素与各种急症发病人数的相关分析,利用Matlab7.0软件构建急症发病的BP人工神经网络预测模型,并对网络进行评价。结果:气象因素及其变化与各种急症的发病有密切关系。根据建立的人工神经网络模型预测显示,除CO中毒预测准确率较低外(46%),其余各类急症的预测准确率为76%~89%。结论:基于BP人工神经网络的急症医疗气象模型有较好的预测效果,具有进一步研究的价值。  相似文献   

5.
目的 了解儿童流感流行特征及流感重症的感染特征。 方法 收集2016年1月—2022年9月严重急性呼吸道感染住院病例样本1 600份,门诊流感样病例监测样本7 660份。实时荧光PCR法检测流感病毒。并对流感住院重症病例样本及部分流感门诊病例样本进行其他呼吸道病毒的检测,分析其临床感染特征和合并感染特征。 结果 1 600份严重急性呼吸道感染住院病例样本中,流感病毒阳性率为6.63%(106例),甲型H1N1、H3N2、B Victoria(BV)、B Yanagata(BY)的占比分别为49.06%(52/106)、17.92%(19/106)、29.25%(31/106)和3.77%(4/106)。7 660份门诊病例中,流感阳性率为15.01%(1 150例),甲型H1N1、H3N2、BV、BY的占比分别为22.17%(255/1 150)、30.96%(356/1 150)、41.39%(476/1 150)和5.48%(63/1 150)。甲型H1N1流感病毒更容易引起儿童流感重症,差异具有统计学意义(χ 2=37.978, P<0.001),而季节性H3N2和BV流感病毒不容易引起幼儿流感重症(χ 2=7.871, P=0.005;χ 2=5.948, P=0.015)。BY流感病毒在两种病例中的占比差异无统计学意义。流感重症主要发生在流感流行高峰季节。4种流感病毒引起儿童的临床感染特征无明显差异。106例流感重症中,其他呼吸道病毒的合并感染率为17.92%(19例), 135例流感门诊病例中,其他呼吸道病毒合并感染率为34.81%(47/135),门诊病例合并感染率更高,且差异具有统计学意义(χ 2=10.734, P=0.001)。 结论 甲型H1N1流感病毒更容易引起儿童流感重症,季节性H3N2和BV型不易引起儿童流感重症。4种流感病毒引起的儿童临床感染特征无明显差异。其他呼吸道病毒的合并感染不是引发儿童流感重症的主要危险因素。  相似文献   

6.
目的 掌握深圳市流感流行规律,了解甲流大流行以后流感的流行趋势。 方法 对深圳市流感样病例监测数据、病原学检测结果和暴发疫情资料进行分析。 结果 深圳市的流感样病例百分比(ILI%)为4.67%,呈逐年下降趋势,ILI年龄构成以0-4岁为主(占54.2%)。流感病毒分离平均阳性率为10.6%,按月分析流感病毒分离阳性率与ILI%变化趋势呈正相关( r=0.447, P=0.001)。全市报告了482起ILI暴发疫情,以乙型流感为主(占63.9%)。2010年深圳市季节性流感出现了春季和夏季流行高峰,分别以乙型Victoria系和甲型H1N1亚型为优势株;2011年为冬春季和秋季高峰,以甲型H1N1和季节性H3亚型为优势株;2012年出现了冬春季和夏季高峰,以乙型(Victoria系和Yamagata系)和季节性H3亚型为优势株;2013年出现了春、秋、冬季三个流行高峰,分别以甲型H1N1、季节性H3和乙型Yamagata系为优势株。 结论 深圳市季节性流感每年均出现2-3个流行高峰,分别在冬春季和夏秋季,每年流行高峰出现的时间不同,每年流行的型别不同。  相似文献   

7.
淄博市张店区手足口病流行与气象因素的关系研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 探讨淄博市张店区手足口病发病与气象因素之间的关系,为预测淄博市张店区手足口病发病情况提供依据。方法 收集2007-2009年淄博市张店区月度手足口病发病资料和气象资料(气温、气压、湿度、降水天数、降水量),使用SPSS13.0对手足口病和气象因素资料进行相关和回归分析。结果 手足口病受气象因素影响较大,经逐步回归方法分析,发现气温、气压、平均降水量、相对湿度、降水天数5个参数均进入方程。结论 气象因素与手足口病发病关系密切。  相似文献   

8.
目的 探讨SEIR模型预测甲型H1N1流感流行趋势的功效.方法 利用国庆前北京市流感样病例数、流感样病例中甲型H1N1流感阳性率及二级以上医院流感样病例就诊率等参数估算甲型H1N1流感实际感染人数,基于传染病传播动力学,建立SEIR模型,对国庆后甲型H1N1流感的流行趋势及高峰达到时间进行预测,与甲型H1N1流感病原学...  相似文献   

9.
目的:分析河北省2017—2018年流感监测年度乙型Yamagata流感病毒对神经氨酸酶抑制剂(neuraminidase inhibitor,NAI)的耐药情况,为流感的临床治疗及预防控制提供依据。方法:选取28株乙型Yamagata流感病毒,检测病毒对奥司他韦和扎那米韦的药物敏感性。选取14株乙型Yamagata流...  相似文献   

10.
目的 分析河北省2017—2018年流感监测年度乙型Yamagata流感病毒对神经氨酸酶抑制剂(neuraminidase inhibitor,NAI)的耐药情况,为流感的临床治疗及预防控制提供依据。 方法 选取28株乙型Yamagata流感病毒,检测病毒对奥司他韦和扎那米韦的药物敏感性。选取14株乙型Yamagata流感病毒,提取核酸后对神经氨酸酶(neuraminidase,NA)基因进行PCR扩增,测序后对耐药位点进行分析。 结果 选取的28株乙型Yamagata流感病毒全部对奥司他韦和扎那米韦敏感,对奥司他韦的半数抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC 50)平均为13.93 nM(4.54~32.07 nM),对扎那米韦的IC 50平均数为1.38 nM(0.14~5.61 nM)。NA基因的全部耐药位点未发现耐药突变。 结论 河北省2017—2018年流行的乙型Yamagata流感病毒对NAI类药物敏感。  相似文献   

11.
    
BackgroundThe role of viral load in respiratory viral infection is unclear. It is proposed that the viral load of some, but not all respiratory viruses correlate with disease severity.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine if an association exists between viral loads among patients in ambulatory settings, compared to those requiring hospitalization/intensive care unit (ICU) admission with influenza A/H3N2, influenza B, or human rhinovirus (HRV); we also explored the impact of age, gender and co-detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae on patient setting. We hypothesized that hospitalized/ICU patients have higher respiratory virus viral loads compared to ambulatory (e.g. walk-in clinics, family practices)/ER patients.Study designWe quantified viral load by in-house real-time RT-PCR in 774 nasopharyngeal swabs with influenza A/H3N2, or B or HRV viruses from various patient settings in Ontario, Canada.ResultsMean viral load (log10 copies/ml) of influenza A/H3N2 (6.94) was higher than influenza B (4.96) and HRV (5.58) (p < 0.0001). Influenza A/H3N2 viral loads were highest in infants and the elderly; however, increased A/H3N2 viral loads were not associated with hospitalization/ICU admission compared to swabs collected in ambulatory/ER settings. Influenza B viral loads were higher in patients in hospital/ICU settings compared to those in ambulatory settings (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11–1.47). HRV viral loads did not differ by age (p = 0.67) or setting (p = 0.54); there was no association between S. pneumoniae colonization and setting for any virus.ConclusionWhen compared to ambulatory/ER patients, viral load was higher in hospitalized/ICU patients with influenza B, but not influenza A or HRV.  相似文献   

12.
目的 分析并比较儿童甲型H1N1流感和季节性流感患者咽拭子标本的病毒载量及相关临床症状.方法 应用荧光PCR方法对采集的咽拭子标本进行检测,并通过建立核酸标准品,绘制标准曲线,测定标本中的病毒载量,同时结合所收集的患者临床症状数据资料应用随机区组方差和卡方检验方法进行统计分析.结果 2009年9月至2010年9月期间收集的1,040份咽拭子标本中,共检出甲型H1N1流感病毒阳性标本120份,甲型H3N2流感病毒阳性标本61份,乙型流感病毒阳性标本99份;对收集的流感阳性标本病毒载量测定结果显示:不同型别,不同发病时间流感患者咽拭子标本的病毒载量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);甲型H1N1流感、季节性流感感染者的性别比例差异无统计学意义,甲型H1N1流感感染者出现咳嗽,流涕临床症状者明显高于与乙型流感感染者.结论 甲型H1N1流感患者咳嗽,流涕症状比季节性乙型流感患者多见,而甲型H1N1流感和季节性流感患者咽拭子标本的病毒载量无显著性差异.  相似文献   

13.
目的:将免疫学原理应用于流感病毒性肺炎小鼠模型的制备,并筛选出适宜浓度的免疫抑制剂浓度,从而建立一个稳定的流感病毒性肺炎小鼠模型。方法:(1)设免疫抑制剂环磷酰胺高[100 mg/(kg·d)]、中[75 mg/(kg·d)]、低[50 mg/(kg·d)]剂量组、对照组和正常组,各组腹腔注射相对应浓度的环磷酰胺或等量的生理盐水,1次/2 d,除正常组外其余各组于4 d后进行A型流感病毒滴鼻感染,于7 d后取材。检测小鼠体重、脾指数、肺病理变化、脾病理变化以及白介素4(IL-4)表达情况。(2)实验设环磷酰胺单用组、病毒单用组、环磷酰胺+病毒组、正常组。用筛选出的适宜浓度的免疫抑制剂及同上一部分造模方式进行造模,分别于滴鼻当天与第1、3、5、7天取材,检测小鼠体重、脾指数、肺病理变化、当天与第7天脾病理变化以及IL-4表达情况。结果:(1)免疫抑制剂适宜剂量的筛选结果显示:免疫抑制剂环磷酰胺高、中剂量均可使小鼠免疫功能显著抑制,而感染病毒,而高剂量组小鼠死亡率明显高于中剂量组,故本研究拟以中剂量组[75 mg/(kg·d)]作为适宜剂量。(2)流感病毒性肺炎小鼠模型建立结果显示:肺部损伤以抑制剂+病毒组最为严重,模型稳定。结论:环磷酰胺中剂量组的用药剂量75 mg/(kg·d)为造模的免疫抑制剂适宜剂量,并且免疫抑制剂有利于建立稳定的流感病毒性小鼠肺炎模型。  相似文献   

14.
目的:研究2001年中国新分离维多利亚(Victoria)系乙型流感病毒的抗原性及基因特性。方法:鸡胚传代流感病毒,从尿囊液中提取流感病毒的RNA,进行逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR),扩增产物用纯化试剂盒纯化后测序,然后用MegAlign软件进行基因种系发生树分析。结果:B/Sichuan/63/2001和B/Zhejiang/2/2001毒株的抗原性与B/Shandong/7/97毒株间存在有差异,编码血凝素重链区基因已发生了突变并导致了HA1蛋白抗原性表位两个位点(197和199)氨基酸不同于B/Shandong/7/97毒株,基因种系发生树分析同样也证明了它们的HA1基因不同于B/Shandong/7/97病毒。然而,B/Sichuan/63/2001与B/Zhejiang/2/2001毒株间无论抗原性还是HA1基因特性均很相似。结论:2001年我国人群中流行的乙型流感病毒维多利亚毒株系的抗原性已发生进一步的漂移。  相似文献   

15.
目的 建立A/FM/1/47/(H1N1)流感病毒感染诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤模型,并使用利巴韦林对其进行治疗,观察其保护机制.方法 将30只13-15g的昆明(KM)小鼠随机分为三组(正常组、模型组和利巴韦林组),每组10只,模型组与利巴韦林组采用H1N1流感病毒经鼻腔接种,利巴韦林组小鼠配以药物治疗,定时称量各组小鼠的体质量、观察记录小鼠存活状态,连续观察15d;另取36只13-15g的KM小鼠,如上随机分为三组,每组12只,模型组与利巴韦林组采用H1N1流感病毒经鼻腔接种,利巴韦林组小鼠配以药物治疗,感染后第6d测量肺系数、肺湿/干重比、观察肺病理组织学变化、动脉血气分析、血清细胞因子含量和肺部病毒载量.结果 实验结果显示,流感病毒滴鼻感染可诱发小鼠病毒性肺损伤.利巴韦林可延长感染小鼠生存时间,降低肺水肿,改善低氧血症,抑制炎性细胞的分泌,抑制病毒在体内的复制.结论 本研究利用流感病毒感染小鼠的病毒性肺损伤,分析了利巴韦林对流感病毒诱发的病毒性肺损伤的保护作用.该模型对进一步开发抑制流感病毒性肺损伤的新药有重要意义.  相似文献   

16.
Parainfluenza virus type 5 (PIV5), formerly known as simian virus 5 (SV5), is a non-segmented negative strand RNA virus that offers several advantages as a vaccine vector. PIV5 infects many cell types causing little cytopathic effect, it replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells, and does not have a DNA phase in its life cycle thus avoiding the possibility of introducing foreign genes into the host DNA genome. Importantly, PIV5 can infect humans but it is not associated with any known human illness. PIV5 grows well in tissue culture cells, including Vero cells, which have been approved for vaccine production, and the virus can be obtained easily from the media. To test the feasibility of using PIV5 as a live vaccine vector, the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from influenza A virus strain A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) was inserted into the PIV5 genome as an extra gene between the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene and the large (L) polymerase gene. Recombinant PIV5 containing the HA gene of Udorn (rPIV5-H3) was recovered and it replicated similarly to wild type PIV5, both in vitro and in vivo. The HA protein expressed by rPIV5-H3-infected cells was incorporated into the virions and addition of the HA gene did not increase virus virulence in mice. The efficacy of rPIV5-H3 as a live vaccine was examined in 6-week-old BALB/c mice. The results show that a single dose inoculation provides broad and considerable immunity against influenza A virus infection.  相似文献   

17.
The important role of interferons (IFNs) in antiviral innate immune defense is well established. Although recombinant IFN-α was approved for cancer and chronic viral infection treatment by regulatory agencies in many countries starting in 1986, no IFNs are approved for treatment of influenza A virus (IAV) infection. This is partially due to the complex effects of IFNs in acute influenza infection. IAV attacks the human respiratory system and causes significant morbidity and mortality globally. During influenza infection, depending on the strain of IAV and the individual host, type I IFNs can have protective antiviral effects or can contribute to immunopathology. In the context of virus infection, the immune system has complicated mechanisms regulating the expression and effects of type I IFN to maximize the antiviral response by both activating and enhancing beneficial innate cell function, while limiting immunopathological responses that lead to exaggerated tissue damage. In this review, we summarize the complicated, but important, role of type I IFNs in influenza infections. This includes both protective and harmful effects of these important cytokines during infection.  相似文献   

18.
Influenza virus has a segmented genome composed of eight negative stranded RNA segments. Each segment is covered with NP forming ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs) and carries a copy of the heterotrimeric polymerase complex. As a rare phenomenon among the RNA viruses, the viral replication occurs in the nucleus and therefore implies interactions between host and viral factors, such as between importin alpha and nucleoprotein. In the present study we report that through binding with the human nuclear receptor importin α5 (Impα5), the viral NP is no longer oligomeric but maintained as a monomer inside the complex. In this regard, Impα5 acts as a chaperone until NP is delivered in the nucleus for viral RNA encapsidation. Moreover, we show that the association of NP with the host transporter does not impair the binding of NP to RNA. The complex human Impα5-NP binds RNA with the same affinity as wt NP alone, whereas engineered monomeric NP through point mutations binds RNA with a strongly reduced affinity.  相似文献   

19.
The relationship of mutations between 241 H5N1 hemagglutinins of influenza A virus was determined according to their amino acid and RNA codon sequences. Six probability values were calculated for each amino acid in each hemagglutinin. With these six numeric values as independents and the probability of mutation occurrence as dependent, a logistic regression was used to model 753 point mutations from the 241 hemagglutinins to derive population estimates. Thereafter, the future mutation positions in H5N1 hemagglutinin were predicted. Finally, the would-be-mutated amino acids in H5N1 hemagglutinin were predicted by means of translation probabilities between RNA codons and mutated amino acids.  相似文献   

20.
    
ObjectivesOur objective was to evaluate whether vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) prevents the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by influenza (influenza-associated CAP, IA-CAP) or other respiratory viruses in the elderly.MethodsThis analysis was part of the Community-Acquired Pneumonia immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA); a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 84 496 immunocompetent individuals aged ≥65 years. CAP was defined by clinical and radiological criteria, and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from all individuals referred to a sentinel centre with a clinical suspicion of pneumonia. Presence of influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1, 2, 3 and 4, human adeno-, boca-, corona-, metapneumo-, rhino- and respiratory syncytial viruses was determined by real-time PCR.ResultsOf 3209 episodes of suspected pneumonia, viral aetiology was tested in 2917 and proportions with influenza virus, human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were 4.6%, 2.5% and 3.1%, respectively. There were 1653 oropharyngeal swabs for PCR testing available from 1814 episodes that fulfilled criteria for CAP, yielding 23 first episodes of IA-CAP in the PCV13 and 35 in the in placebo group—vaccine efficacy for IA-CAP of 34.4% (95% CI –11.1% to 61.2%; p 0.117). Annual influenza vaccination was received by 672 (87.2%) in the PCV13 group and 719 (87.7%) in the placebo group of the confirmed CAP cases.ConclusionIn a randomized study of 84 496 elderly individuals with a high uptake of influenza vaccination, PCV13 was not associated with a statistically significant reduction of influenza or virus-associated CAP. Overall incidence of non-influenza viral pneumonia was low.  相似文献   

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