New underground mineral mining approaches

The authors offer new solutions for mineral mining. A key idea is the construction of artificial separating masses at the stage of preparing a deposit and its part for exploitation. In terms of the underground mines belonging to “Alrosa“ JSC, “GMK Norilsk Nickel“, it is shown that the implementation of the new approach will prevent mine workings from aggressive water ingress, secure from other negative factors, and will allow the application of highly productive chamber mining schemes. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 5, pp. 89–97, September–October, 2008.     

Rheological analysis of geomechanical processes

The modified variable module method, based on the a priori information about the intensifying daylight surface subsidence in time, is developed. The practical application of the proposed rheological analysis scheme is considered for the chamber mining of potash series. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 6, pp. 32–41, November–December, 2005.     

Estimating the long-term pillar safety for room-and-pillar ore mining

It is shown for the room-and-pillar mining of ore deposits of alternating thickness that service-life of pillars is much dependent on the value of horizontal stresses in the intact massif. A method is proposed and an effective algorithm is developed for determining the rheological parameters of rocks on the basis of the inverse problem solution by the data on covergence of the roof and floor in mines. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 6, pp. 11–21, November–December, 2006.     

Mathematical Modeling of the Stress-Strain State in Rock and Artificial Masses During Slice Chamber Mining of Underpit Reserves in the “Internatsionalnaya” Kimberlite Pipe

The statement and solution algorithm are proposed for the problem on the stress-strain state of a kimberlite body, filling massif, and enclosing rock during slice chamber mining with filling. The equations of nonlinear hereditary viscoelasticity are used as the constitutive relations for saliferous rocks. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 3, pp. 26–37, May–June, 2005.     

Basic regularities governing the subsidence of undermined rock strata and deflection of hanging up roof at shallow and great depths

The influence exerted by depth of seam mining on the displacements of rocks and the formation of zones of tensile stresses is studied. Results are presented for the analytical and numerical solution of corresponding problems of geomechanics, on the basis of which regularities governing the subsidence of the daylight surface, roof deflection, and floor rise, and variations are also established for the parameters defining zones of vertical and horizontal stresses above the working. The boundaries of shallow depths in relation to the span length of working with hanging up roof are determined where regularities of the undermined strata displacement and stress distribution differ in essence from corresponding regularities at great depths. Institute of Problems of Complex Development of Bowels, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 3, pp. 5–11, May–June, 1999.     

Promising Pneumatic Punchers for Borehole Drilling

The state of borehole drilling by downhole pneumatic punchers and their potential use in open and underground mining as well as in exploration for reliable samplign are analyzed. Performance specification is presented for the new-generation pneumatic punchers equipped with a pin tool, effectively operating at a compressed-air pressure of 0.5...0.7 MPa, and with an additional extended exhaust from the power stroke chamber during working cycle. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 2, pp. 74–78, March–April, 2005.     

Concept of developing technology in underground mines of siberia and the far east

Features of the condition of underground mines are presented and basic principles for developing ore mining technology are formulated. It is noted that the main direction for improving mining operations in nonferrous metal deposits is development of mining systems with stowing by solidifying mixtures with waste utilization from mining and metallurgical industries based on the complexes of self-propelled machinery. In order to extract lowvaluable ores under conditions of great depths new variants of breast chamber mining systems, and sublevel caving systems with leaving rock intercalations in the bowels are considered. For ferrous metallurgy mines of the region the expediency is demonstrated for radical reconstruction of technology with development of mining system by sublevel caving with end ore drawing and comprehensive use of self-propelled equipment. Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk. Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 3, pp. 85–96, May–June, 1999.     

动静组合作用下大跨度凿岩硐室稳定性分析

安徽某铜矿采用大直径垂直深孔阶段矿房法开采，首采采场开采深度为800 m，跨度达到30 m，爆破振动对周边岩体及采场结构产生了极大扰动，加之大爆破过程引发岩体能量的释放和转移，极有可能形成采场主要结构失稳，威胁回采安全。为研究大跨度凿岩硐室在动静组合作用下的稳定性，依据矿山实际情况，利用FLAC3D 5.0数值模拟软件对该矿首采矿段201大跨度凿岩硐室在动静荷载组合作用下的稳定性进行了数值模拟分析，并与现场监测结果进行了对比。研究表明：开采过程中，最大主应力以及塑性区主要集中于条柱上，顶板在失去条柱支撑后位移增加较大，条柱支撑作用明显；开采结束后，条柱全部回采，顶板位移达到最大值，间柱成为主要支撑结构，整个开采过程中凿岩硐室较为稳定，分析结果与监测结果相吻合。建议后续开采之前适当增加凿岩硐室条柱宽度并实施锚网联合支护以提高抗压能力；通过优化爆破参数降低爆破振动对顶板的影响，并对凿岩硐室中间区域的顶板施加长锚索支护；对模拟分析和监测中容易出现破坏的区域进行布点监测，为后续开采中地压灾害防治提供有价值的信息。     

大跨度破碎顶板支护方案数值模拟分析及工程应用

为了解决金厂河多金属矿大跨度连续破碎顶板的支护技术难题，开展了矿区岩石力学试验和工程地质调查，获得了大直径深孔采场顶板的岩体质量分级。通过建立矿山典型开采区域的三维数值模型，开展了三种支护方案的数值模拟分析，确定了切顶硐室的“护顶矿壁+点柱”顶部结构布置形式和锚索—锚杆联合支护方案。结合现场应用表明，顶板区域支护后应力值比未支护时降低61.6%，顶板位移量降低了59.4%，大幅度提高了破碎顶板的安全性，保障了矿山安全高效回采，可为类似矿山采场顶板支护方案设计提供指导。     

长沟峪煤矿炮采壁式工作面矿压规律研究

通过在长沟峪煤矿 20水平北—北4槽炮采工作面从初采到末采期间的矿压观测,结合工作面各种矿压显现特征,确定了工作面初次来压步距和周期来压步距,掌握了工作面回采过程中顶板活动规律,为4槽煤层的顶板管理提供了依据。     

Deformation of mining caving zone grouting compound rock under overlying strata pressure

To solve the problem of surface subsidence caused by mining, the main method is to reasonably process coal mining space. “Mining caving zone high-pressure grouting pulverized coal ash hydromass controlling roof and overlying strata movement” technology is one of processing methods. After grouting pulverized coal ash hydromass in mining caving zone, formed one kind of special material which is used to support roof and effectively control the subsidence of overlying strata. For the accurate calculation of roof mining subsidence at grouting state, based on the characteristics of such materials, established its constitutive equation based on certain assumptions, gave deformation calculation method when the compound rock supports overlying strata, lay foundation for the actual calculation of subsidence of overlying strata after grouting and the promotion of mining caving zone grouting technology.     

基于FLAC3D对某铜矿深部开采地压活动规律研究

介绍了地压活动规律对矿山深部开采的重要影响,通过应用FLAC~(3D)软件对某铜矿59#矿体开采过程中的两种工况进行数值模拟计算研究,发现59#矿体在开采至十五中段时,对围岩扰动较小,不会出现顶板大面积冒落的情况;开采对3#采空区稳定性影响最大,对2#采空区稳定性影响最小;废石充填对维护空区稳定有一定作用,但作用不大;随着59#矿体开采深度的不断增加,其对断层的影响程度也逐渐增加;废石充填对断层稳定性影响较小。从而得出随着开采深度的增加,对围岩扰动越来越大,围岩稳定性降低,顶板发生突然冒落的可能性较大,一旦顶板发生突然冒落,井下会出现较大响声和振动,但由于该铜矿采用崩落法开采,采场上部有大量冒落覆岩,顶板突然冒落不会形成冲击地压。     

采场顶板的相似模拟试验

为了研究长锚索预控顶、连续分条开采、尾砂充填采矿法的采场地压显现规律，以湘西金矿沃西矿区３１６试验采场的锚杆护顶及锚杆与锚索联合护顶情况为原型，进行相似材料模拟试验。依据试验结果，可以分析和检验在上述采矿方法和护顶条件下的采场顶板稳定程度。     

深部回采切顶层结构参数优化研究

本文以大红山铜矿深部高阶段空场嗣后充填采场顶部切顶凿岩硐室稳定性为研究对象,采用矿柱面积载荷理论初步确定了硐室、条柱的合理结构尺寸,并利用FLAC^3D对设计的结构参数进行稳定性分析。研究结果表明：切顶凿岩硐室宽度3.5m条件下,条柱的宽度应设计为4.5m;同时切割槽、切顶联道的布置方式对凿岩硐室稳定性影响较大,建议将切割槽布置在矿房长度方向的端部,将切顶联道布置在矿房宽度方向的端部。按研究成果设计的大红山铜矿深部采场切顶凿岩硐室在服务矿房回采过程中,可满足安全作业的要求。     

基于数字散斑技术的煤层群开采覆岩运移规律试验研究

为研究缓倾斜近距离煤层群开采时上覆岩层运移及含水层水动力演化规律,防止煤层群下行开采时发生突水事故,采用流固耦合相似模拟试验、应用数字散斑技术、理论分析等研究手段对某煤矿六采区综采工作面煤层群开采后的顶板变形破坏进行研究。结果表明:(1)14~#上组煤层开采过程中,隔离煤柱能够较好地控制顶板的移动变形,15~#下组煤层重复开采时会破坏上组煤层隔离煤柱,导致顶板的变形破坏加剧;(2)煤层群开采后覆岩位移传播方向为竖直方向,同一岩层位移呈现出中间下沉量大、两侧下沉量小的盆地特征;(3)应用数字散斑技术测得14~#上组煤层和15~#下组煤层开采后覆岩位移最大影响高度分别为29.0m和32.8m,与经验公式法计算结果进行对比,观测误差分别是1.8%和5.3%;(4)工作面依次下行开采14~#煤层和15~#煤层时,K_4含水层有发生突水的危险。     

泰山隆安煤矿井下永久避难硐室设计

依据泰山隆安煤业有限公司顶底板条件好的特点,结合采区实际情况,提出了一个简单、实用、可靠、节约的煤矿井下永久避难硐室设计方案。为相似条件煤炭企业今后永久避难硐室建设提供了新的思路。     

冲沟地貌近距下位煤层综放面进出煤柱期间顶板结构稳定性研究

针对冲沟地貌条件下近距离煤层群下位煤层综放面进出煤柱期间矿压显现剧烈问题,以上榆泉煤矿9#、10#煤层为工程背景,采用数值模拟方法分析了上位9#煤层遗留煤柱集中应力的分布规律,探究了下位10#煤层综放工作面进出煤柱期间采动应力与煤柱集中应力的叠加效应,结合工作面进出煤柱顶板结构模型,明确了顶板结构失稳方式为回转失稳与滑落失稳,回转角度与岩层断裂度为失稳的关键影响因素,针对顶板块体破坏方式提出煤柱下掘进工艺巷和减小采厚两种的进出煤柱期间压架灾害防治措施。可为冲沟地貌近距离煤层开采顶板控制与灾害防治提供借鉴。     

采空区下煤层开采覆岩破坏规律数值模拟

基于古书院矿煤层的实际地质资料,利用RFPA2D分析软件对采空区下15#煤层开采覆岩破坏进行了模拟,观察开采后15#煤层坚硬顶板的裂隙发育状况,研究采动覆岩中三带的发育高度,并对结果从采场上覆岩层移动破坏规律、15#煤层顶板位移及应力变化特征方面进行了分析。通过对15#煤层三带分布研究,编制矿井冒落带和导水裂隙带高度的等值线图,确定15#煤层的导水裂隙带最大发育高度,预测在15#煤层回采过程中,9#煤层采空区积水下渗的可能性。根据裂隙发育情况,结合顶板岩性,为15#煤建立抽放系统、治理瓦斯的论证提供依据。     

柳林煤矿采空区下煤层回采巷道支护参数优化分析

柳林煤矿5#煤层与上部4#煤层间距很小，顶板平均厚度3.69 m，且顶板起伏变化大，强度低，易破碎，给巷道支护造成困难， 5#煤层工作面开采过程回采巷道支护参数与一般常规工作面回采巷道不同，需进行针对性的分析。基于此，通过数值模拟计算，分析了5#煤层回采巷道上覆岩层为煤柱及采空区条件下，不同顶板锚杆长度、不同两帮锚杆长度、不同锚杆间距及不同锚杆排距下的巷道围岩变形规律。根据数值模拟结果，考虑回采巷道的实际情况，以形成巷道的整体支护结构为基础，确定了5#煤层回采巷道合理的锚杆支护参数。     

Similar material simulation research on movement law of roof over-lying strata in stope of fully mechanized caving face with large mining height

Similar material simulation test was carried out in a geological model of W_9–15101 fully mechanized caving face with large mining height in the Liuhuanggou Colliery, in Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region. The roof overlying strata movement law in the stope of a fully mechanized caving face with large mining height was studied and show that the roof overlying strata in the stope of a fully mechanized caving face with large mining height can be formed into a stable arch structure; the fracture rock beam is formed resembling a “bond beam”, but it has essentially the structure of “multi-span beams” under the big structure of the stable arch. The roof overlying strata movement law in the stope of a fully mechanized caving face with large mining height is similar to that of the common, fully mechanized caving stope, which is determined by the deformation and instability of the structure of “multi-span beams”. But because of the differences between the mining heights, the peak pressure in the stope of a fully mechanized caving face with large mining height is smaller while the affected area of abutment pressure is wider in the front of the working face; this is the obvious difference in abutment pressure between the stope of a fully mechanized caving face with large mining height and that of the common.