水产源抗冻蛋白构效关系及在食品加工储藏中应用的研究进展

抗冻蛋白(Antifreeze protein,AFP)是一类具有提高生物抗冻能力的蛋白质类化合物总称。它通过不可逆地附着于冰晶特定表面来有效抑制冰晶生长、修饰冰晶形态和重结晶,具有很强的抗冻活性。因此将抗冻蛋白应用于延长冷冻食品的贮藏期和提高产品质量具有重要意义。本文就水产源(主要包括鱼、虾、贝类及其它水产生物)抗冻蛋白的构效关系以及水产源抗冻蛋白在食品加工与储藏领域中的应用进行了综述。总结了水产源抗冻蛋白作为冷冻保护剂,在转基因水产品加工和水产品冻结或冻藏、肉制品加工和储藏、粮油制品的冷冻面团技术、转基因果蔬加工和果蔬储藏以及乳制品加工和储藏中的应用,以期为水产源抗冻蛋白的深入研究与应用提供理论基础,并对其未来的研究方向进行讨论和展望。     

植物抗冻蛋白分离纯化方法的研究进展

为植物抗冻蛋白是一类具有热滞活性的蛋白质,它能抑制冰晶的生长和重结晶。因其特殊的结构和功能,植物抗冻蛋白对延长冷冻食品的贮藏期和提高产品质量具有积极意义。从复杂提取液中高效分离纯化出抗冻蛋白已成为当前热点和难点问题,作者介绍了近年来植物抗冻蛋白分离纯化方法的基本原理和研究进展,主要有传统层析分离方法、SDS-PAGE电泳、冰特异吸附分离法和浊点萃取法,展望了抗冻蛋白分离纯化方法的未来发展方向。     

抗冻蛋白的研究进展及其在食品工业中的应用

抗冻蛋白是一类具有热滞效应、冰晶形态效应和重结晶抑制效应的蛋白质,因其特殊的结构和功能,抗冻蛋白引起了研究人员的极大兴趣．探讨了近年来抗冻蛋白的研究进展,介绍了目前已知的抗冻蛋白的来源、特性、测定方法、基因结构及在食品工业中的应用．抗冻蛋白对冷冻食品有显著的品质改良功能,是未来冷冻食品工业中极具潜力的抗冻添加剂．     

抗冻蛋白的制备及其在食品工业的应用研究进展

抗冻蛋白是一类冰结构蛋白质,在0 ℃以下能够控制冰晶生长和抑制冰再结晶,可作为低温保护剂,用于保护食品在冷冻保存过程中营养成分不流失。该文对抗冻蛋白的来源、特性、制备与纯化进行综述,并总结抗冻蛋白在冷冻食品应用中的进展,为将来抗冻蛋白产业化生产提供理论参考。     

抗冻蛋白及其在食品加工中的功能

来源于寒带海洋鱼类的抗冻蛋白具有抑制冰结晶的生长的作用 ,包括抑制重结晶 ,同时还具有影响冰晶组织结构的作用。鱼体内存在着较高浓度的抗冻蛋白 ,大约为30 mg/ ml左右 ,是一些肽类或一些小蛋白分子 ,大部分的氨基酸数不超过 40个。抗冻蛋白的结构蛋白既有糖蛋白也有非糖蛋白 ,其中一些已可以通过化学方式合成。目前 ,抗冻蛋白应用在食品中最成功的实验是将其添加到冷冻乳制品中以减少重结晶现象。但是显而易见 ,成本问题是影响其在食品中应用的最大障碍。也是食品科研工作者所需研究的关键。     

抗冻蛋白及其应用前景

综述了抗冻蛋白(Antifreeze Protein,AFP)的分类,包含鱼类抗冻蛋白、植物抗冻蛋白、昆虫抗冻蛋白、真菌及细菌抗冻蛋白;并就其特性及提取方面进行了介绍。本文还介绍了近年来抗冻蛋白在食品行业、医学、农业等方面的应用进展:在食品行业作为食品添加剂,显著改善食品品质;在医学方面,作为冷冻保护剂成功实现了动物的卵母细胞、精子、胚胎、组织等的低温保存;在农业方面,利用基因工程的方法,得到具有抗冻蛋白基因的转基因植物,能显著提高其抗冻性。     

几种冷冻新技术对食品冻结过程中冰晶形成的影响

冷冻技术在现代食品加工工业中起着十分重要的作用,水结晶是冷冻过程的关键步骤。文章介绍几种冷冻新技术对食品冻结过程中水结晶的影响的研究进展,包括高压冷冻、超声波冷冻、渗透脱水冷冻、抗冻蛋白、冰核活性蛋白以及其它冷冻新技术。并阐述这些新技术对冰晶的影响机制,旨在能够更好地了解、预测及控制水结晶的过程,并进一步改进冷冻过程和提高冷冻食品的品质。     

抗冻蛋白在食品中应用研究进展及安全性分析

抗冻蛋白是一类具有提高生物抗冻能力的蛋白质类化合物的总称,具有降低冰点、修饰冰晶形态、抑制重结晶等特性。对抗冻蛋白在食品原料生产及加工和贮藏中的应用研究进展进行简要的概述并对其安全性进行了简单分析,以期为抗冻蛋白在食品领域的应用提供参考。     

抗冻蛋白及其在食品工业中的应用

抗冻蛋白是具有热滞性 ,能改变冰晶的形态和抑制冰重结晶的一类蛋白质 ,本文简要介绍了各种抗冻蛋白的结构、功能、特征。对其在冷冻食品工业的原料生产、加工、和储藏运输中的应用及存在的问题进行了系统的综述     

抗冻蛋白与冰-水界面层相互作用的理论机制研究进展

抗冻蛋白（antifreeze proteins,AFPs）具有热滞活性和重结晶抑制活性,在冷冻食品品质调控、细菌低温保护、植物霜冻保护等领域具有广泛的应用价值。本文围绕种类和结构复杂的AFPs在低温冷冻环境下如何通过调控冰-水界面层结构、与冰晶结合或相互作用从而实现其抑制冰晶生长、产生热滞活性和重结晶抑制活性的理论问题,系统综述了吸附-抑制模型、偶极子-偶极子模型、晶格匹配与占有模型、刚体能量模型、包合物锚定模型、亲和相互作用偶联团聚模型等理论模型原理和特点,揭示了AFPs通过调控冰-水界面层结构产生结合或相互作用的原理及其驱动力作用特点,为解析AFPs抗冻活性机理及其筛选、食品工业应用提供理论参考。     

Production,structure–function relationships,mechanisms, and applications of antifreeze peptides

Growth of ice crystals can cause serious problems, such as frozen products deterioration, road damage, energy losses, and safety risks of human beings. Antifreeze peptides (AFPs), a healthy and effective cryoprotectant, have great potential as ice crystal growth inhibitors for a variety of frozen products. In this review, methods and technologies for the production, purification, evaluation, and characterization of AFPs are comprehensively summarized. First, this review describes the preparation of AFPs, including the methods of enzymatic hydrolysis, chemical synthesis, and microbial fermentation. Next, this review introduces the major methods by which to evaluate AFPs’ antifreeze activity, including nanoliter osmometer, differential scanning calorimetry, splat-cooling, the biovaluation model, and novel technology. Moreover, this review presents an overview of the molecular characteristics, structure–function relationships, and action mechanisms of AFPs. Furthermore, advances in the application of AFPs to frozen food, including frozen dough, meat products, fruits, vegetable products, and dairy, are summarized and holistically analyzed. Finally, challenges of AFPs and future perspectives on their use are also discussed. An understanding of the production, structure–function relationships, mechanisms and applications of AFPs provides inspiration for further research into the use of AFPs in food science and food nutrition applications.     

抗冻蛋白的制备及对冷冻面筋蛋白的改良研究进展

冷冻面团在运输储藏过程中,温度波动引起的冰晶生长和重结晶会导致面团品质劣变,致使最终产品感官特性变差,消费性下降,这限制了冷冻面团的大规模应用。面筋蛋白作为冷冻面团的重要组分,在冻藏过程中冰晶对其特性的影响与冷冻面团的品质密切相关。抗冻蛋白（AFPs）能够与冰晶结合,调控冰晶生长行为,对冷冻面筋蛋白有着很好的改良效果。但生物体内的天然AFPs含量少,提取纯化困难,这使AFPs一直以来难以实现工业化生产与应用,因此,探寻合适的制备方法提高AFPs的产量对于AFPs的发展是至关重要的。本文即综述了AFPs的生产现状及对冷冻面筋蛋白的改良研究,以期为AFPs在冷冻面制品中的应用提供理论基础。     

Natural Antifungal Peptides/Proteins as Model for Novel Food Preservatives

A large range of ingredients for food and food products are subject to fungal contamination, which is a major cause of destruction of crops, exposure of animals and humans to invasive mycotoxins, and food spoilage. The resistance of fungal species to common preservation methods highlights the necessity of new ways to increase the shelf life of raw material for food and food products. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are essential members of the immune system of most living organisms. Due to their broad range of activity and their stability to commonly used food processes, they represent promising alternatives to traditional preservatives. However, despite the growing number of reports of potential food applications of these AMPs, the number of approved peptides is low. Poor solubility, toxicity, and a time‐consuming extraction are hurdles that limit their application in food products. Thanks to a deep understanding of the key determinants of their activity, the development of optimized synthetic peptides has reduced these drawbacks. This review presents natural and synthetic antifungal peptides/proteins (AFPs), effective against food‐related fungi, with particular emphasis on AFPs from plant sources. The design of novel antifungal peptides via key elements of antifungal activity is also reviewed. The potential applications of natural and synthetic AFPs as novel antifungal food preservatives are finally discussed.     

抗冻蛋白对预发酵冷冻面团中蛋白质特性及水分状态的影响

采用Ellman’s试剂比色法、十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术、傅里叶变换红外光谱技术以及核磁共振技术,研究冻藏和冻融循环条件下抗冻蛋白对冷冻面团的蛋白质特性以及水分子存在状态的影响。结果表明：经过冻藏和冻融循环,冷冻面团中游离巯基含量上升,二硫键含量下降。添加抗冻蛋白对冷冻面团亚基无影响。随着冻藏时间的延长,二级结构中分子间β-折叠含量增大,β-转角含量减小,而冻融循环使得α-螺旋结构含量下降,添加抗冻蛋白组的蛋白质特性变化均小于无添加组。无添加抗冻蛋白冷冻面团的失水率明显升高,驰豫时间随冻藏时间的延长逐渐变大,结合水含量减少,表明抗冻蛋白能够抑制二硫键的断裂和二级结构的变化,减少冰晶的重结晶,防止面团的水分散失,维持面团的持水能力。     

Cold plasma for the preservation of aquatic food products: An overview

Cold plasma (CP) is an upcoming technology implemented for the preservation of highly perishable foods, especially aquatic food products (AFPs). The high moisture content, high-quality protein with all essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids makes AFP more susceptible to microbial spoilage and oxidation of lipids and proteins. Spoilage lowers the nutritive value and could generate toxic components, making it unsafe for consumption. In recent times, the rising demand for food products of aquatic origin with preserved quality and extended shelf-life has been recorded. In addition, minimally or nonthermally processed and preserved foods are gaining great attention. CP technology has demonstrated an excellent ability to inactivate microorganisms without promoting their resistance and triggering some deteriorative enzymes, which are typical factors responsible for the spoilage of AFP. Consequently, CP could be recommended as a minimal processing intervention for preserving the quality of AFP. This review focuses on different mechanisms of fish spoilage, that is, by microorganisms and oxidation, their inhibition via the application of CP, and the retention of quality and shelf-life extension of AFP.     

植物源性抗真菌肽研究进展

概述了植物源抗真菌肽的来源和结构,重点阐述了不同结构植物源性抗真菌肽的作用对象和作用机制,并综述了植物源性抗真菌肽在食品和农作物的应用现状。