颈内动脉闭塞术的初步临床应用

目的探讨颈内动脉闭塞术治疗颈内动脉血管性病变的价值。方法共5例患者,1例鼻咽癌行放疗后清创术,并发难以制止的鼻咽部大出血,双侧后鼻孔填塞无效;1例巨大颈内动脉眼段动脉瘤,无法手术夹闭;3例外伤后颈内动脉海绵窦瘘,单纯闭塞瘘口失败。采用Seldinger技术经股动脉穿刺置管行全脑血管造影,经球囊闭塞试验或病变侧压颈试验,病人耐受良好后方行闭塞术。闭塞材料为3例应用可脱弹簧圈,2例应用可脱球囊,闭塞位置为病变近端及瘘口。结果所有病例闭塞颈内动脉后,即行对侧颈动脉造影复查,可见前交通动脉和/或后交通动脉代偿良好,患者无明显并发症发生,病变未见显影。临床症状消失、无合并症发生,病变未见复发。结论颈内动脉闭塞术作为一种治疗颈动脉血管性疾病的方法,可以在不危及病人生命、加重病人病情的情况下,取得良好的治疗效果。     

复合手术治疗慢性症状性颈内动脉闭塞

目的:探讨复合手术治疗慢性症状性颈内动脉闭塞的安全性及临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2016年12月—2018年3月应用复合手术治疗的9例颈内动脉闭塞患者的临床资料,其中男7例,女2例;中位年龄58岁。比较手术前后临床症状的变化并进行随访,记录手术前后改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分及大脑血流MR灌注(PWI)指标(CBF、TTP、MTT)变化。结果:9名患者均成功开通闭塞血管,技术成功率100%。术后临床症状均获得缓解,围手术期无新发脑卒中,无死亡患者;术后2例(22.2%)出现高灌注表现,经保守治疗后症状消失;术后PWI指标较术前均明显改善。9名患者均获得随访,中位随访时间8个月;1例患者靶血管6个月时出现再闭塞,表现为短暂性脑缺血发作频发,保守治疗后症状稍缓解;余8例病情均好转, mRS评分较术前改善均≥1分;术后3、6个月再闭塞率为0%、11.1%,提示总体通畅良好。结论:复合手术是治疗慢性症状性颈内动脉闭塞的可行性替代方案,其安全有效,短期随访结果满意。     

颈内动脉完全闭塞的手术治疗

目的 探讨颈动脉血运重建治疗完全性颈内动脉闭塞的临床疗效.方法 2001年6月～2010年4月,收治颈动脉狭窄患者397例,术前行磁共振血管造影(MRA)检查,确诊并行颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)治疗颈内动脉闭塞患者28例,术中切除标本送病理检查,术后复查颈部MRA,并对术后情况进行随访.结果 术后即时通畅率为92.8％,术后平均随访时间10个月,22例颈内动脉通畅,通畅率为78.5％,无脑缺血事件发生;6例颈内动脉闭塞患者中,2例在术后4个月发生短暂性脑缺血及腔隙性梗死;3例术后仍偶有头晕,其中2例单侧肢体麻木;1例记忆力减退.结论 对于有症状的颈内动脉闭塞患者,CEA加取栓术是安全有效的方法.     

颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗症状性颈动脉次全闭塞北大核心CSCD

目的探讨颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗症状性颈动脉次全闭塞的疗效。方法回顾性分析中日友好医院2014年1月至2020年1月手术治疗的122例症状性颈动脉次全闭塞患者,分析其临床特点、影像学检查、治疗及预后情况,根据颈内动脉远端是否完全塌陷,分为完全塌陷组和非完全塌陷组,对两组的病例特点及治疗效果进行比较。结果远端塌陷组54例,非远端塌陷组68例,围手术期主要终点事件发生率两组间比较差异无统计学意义(1.85%比4.41%,P=0.629),1年主要终点事件发生率两组间比较差异无统计学意义(7.41%比4.41%,P=0.698)。非远端塌陷组1例患者在术后8个月发生再狭窄。结论对于症状性颈动脉次全闭塞患者,不论是否存在远端塌陷,内膜剥脱都可以取得较好的疗效,应用转流管可以预防术中低灌注及术后高灌注。     

TASC C 型及D 型主髂动脉闭塞的腔内治疗及评价

目的 探讨广泛主髂动脉闭塞的腔内治疗方法并评价其疗效.方法 32 例慢性广泛主髂动脉闭塞患者,男性23 例,女性9 例,年龄52耀81(平均69.7)岁.有明显的静息痛27 例(84.4%),足部坏疽5 例(15.62%).其中TASC C 型患者13 例(40.6%),TASC D 型患者19 例(59.4%),患者术前评估均为高龄、高危病例或不能耐受传统开腹手术的患者.经股动脉或肱动脉入路,采用闭塞段通过、球囊扩张、支架放置及股总动脉内膜剥脱等方法进行治疗.结果 除3 例未能开通外,其余29 例均获开通,开通率为90.63%,并发症发生率为3.5%.21 例患者临床症状中度改善,8 例患者临床症状明显改善.平均随访(13.9依1.2)个月,术后6 个月的初次通畅率、辅助初次通畅率及二次通畅率分别为82.8%、86.2%、89.7%,术后12 个月的初次通畅率、辅助初次通畅率及二次通畅率分别为67%、74.5%、81.9%.结论 对于合并广泛慢性主髂动脉闭塞的高危患者,综合应用多种方法进行腔内治疗是一项安全有效的措施,可获得较满意的临床疗效.     

介入性腔内机械性血栓碎吸及溶栓术治疗周围动脉急性血栓栓塞

目的探讨介入性腔内机械性血栓碎吸和局部溶栓术治疗周围动脉急性血栓栓塞的临床效果和应用价值。方法124例周围动脉急性血栓性阻塞患者接受DSA检查和介入性腔内机械性血栓碎吸联合局部溶栓术治疗。结果全组总的介入治疗成功率97.58%（121/124）。血管完全开通率82.26%（102/124）,部分开通率15.32%（19/124）,无效率2.42%（3/124）。部分开通的19例辅以PTA联合内支架植入术后血管完全开通。并发症发生率6.45%（8/124）。结论介入腔内机械性血栓碎吸和局部溶栓治疗周围动脉急性血栓闭塞疾病,疗程短、成功率高、疗效显著、并发症少,恰当辅以PTA和内支架植入可显著提高治疗成功率。     

外科治疗肢体骨巨细胞瘤43例

目的探讨外科手术治疗肢体骨巨细胞瘤（giant cell tumor of bone, GCT）的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2013年7月于我院应用外科手术方法治疗的43例GCT患者,年龄20~66岁（平均32岁）;发病部位：股骨远端17例,胫骨近端16例,桡骨远端5例,腓骨近端2例,股骨近端2例,肱骨近端1例;治疗方法：病灶扩大刮除骨水泥填充并（或不并）内固定及并（或不并）植骨术,瘤段骨切除特制肿瘤关节置换术,瘤段骨切除腓骨小头移植术,瘤段骨切除关节融合术,瘤段骨切除稳定结构重建术。分析本组患者的手术相关资料、术后恢复情况及复发率。结果43例患者均获得随访,随访时间8~64个月,平均28个月。本组患者的总复发率为7.0%（3/43）,其中采用扩大刮除术患者复发率为7.7%（2/26）,瘤段切除术患者的复发率为5.9%（1/17）,复发患者均经二次手术治疗。2例合并感染,发生率为4.7%。结论通过术前认真设计,选择恰当的手术方式和重建方式,肢体GCT可获得良好的治疗效果。     

症状性颈内动脉闭塞的术前评估及手术治疗

目的:探讨症状性颈内动脉(ICA)闭塞患者手术治疗的效果和术前评价方法。方法:选择海南省人民医院血管外科2010年1月—2016年3月手术治疗的11例ICA闭塞的患者,2例行颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA),9例行CEA加取栓术。术前均行头颈联合CTA和颈部血管彩超,部分患者行脑CT灌注成像、经颅彩色多普勒超声以及脑血管造影等检查,观察患者围术期与长期疗效。结果:所有患者ICA闭塞均为单侧,其中4例对侧ICA有50%的狭窄。闭塞主要位于ICA起始端,8例闭塞段延至颅底,闭塞长度16~85 mm。术前颈动脉彩超均在可在颅底探及ICA血流。10例手术再通成功,1例失败。术后10例脑缺血症状明显改善,其中3例出现过度灌注综合征。随访期,1例患者ICA在术后3个月闭塞。1例在术后18个月死亡。结论:手术治疗ICA闭塞具有满意安全的围手术期效果和较好的中远期效果。术前精确的评估是手术成功的关键。     

对比经远端桡动脉与肱动脉入路支架成形术治疗髂动脉慢性闭塞症的有效性及安全性

目的 对比经远端桡动脉入路与肱动脉入路支架成形术治疗髂动脉慢性闭塞症的有效性及安全性。方法 回顾性分析70例接受经左侧桡动脉远端入路（A组）与72例经左侧肱动脉入路（B组）支架成形术治疗髂动脉慢性闭塞症患者,其中B组18例因穿刺左侧桡动脉远端失败而改为穿刺左侧肱动脉;观察2种方法穿刺成功率、2组髂动脉开通成功率和穿刺并发症发生率。结果 穿刺桡动脉远端成功率为79.55%（70/88）,穿刺肱动脉成功率为100%（72/72）。髂动脉顺行开通成功率[78.57%（55/70）vs.80.56%（58/72）,<χ²=3.67,P=0.09]及总体开通成功率[94.29%（66/70）vs.95.83%（69/72）,χ²=2.34,P=0.10]组间差异均无统计学意义。A组穿刺并发症发生率低于B组[5.71%（4/70）vs.13.89%（10/72）,<χ²=3.24,P=0.02]。结论 相比经肱动脉入路,经远端桡动脉穿刺入路腔内支架成形术治疗髂动脉慢性闭塞症更为安全,而开通成功率相当。     

慢性颈内动脉闭塞的研究与治疗进展

现阶段临床工作中对慢性颈内动脉闭塞(ICACTO)治疗的认识有限。本文通过对慢性颈内动脉闭塞的病理、发病机制、临床症状、影像学特征及治疗等进行总结,综述其相关的研究进展。在颈内动脉完全闭塞后脑组织内丰富的侧支血管开放并逐步形成侧支代偿。ICACTO的病理生理特点是脑灌注不足,栓子脱落和认知功能障碍,最后引起多种卒中不良事件的发生。因此大多数ICACTO病例需要治疗。最初采取颈外动脉-颈内动脉搭桥的方法并没有取得满意的治疗效果。近年来闭塞血管的再通被认为是唯一可行的治疗手段,术前需要评估脑血管储备和氧摄取分数,以及颈内动脉(ICA)闭塞的长度、节段和闭塞时间等等多种因素。对合适的患者可以通过血管内介入,颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)或复合手术等方法进行血管再通。随着生物材料的发展,简单的再通成功率会逐渐提高。但是,CEA+血管内介入的复合手术应该更符合当前的趋势,因为CEA可以切除颅外段颈动脉粥样硬化斑块,为进一步的血管内介入性提供条件。如果再通成功,通常可以长期稳定地改善患者状况。尽管现有的研究已经得出了一定的研究成果,但仍需要进一步的研究和试验来提高当前对ICACTO的了解。     

股动脉肱动脉联合入路在锁骨下动脉闭塞性病变腔内治疗中的应用

目的:探讨股动脉肱动脉联合入路在锁骨下动脉闭塞性病变腔内治疗中应用的适应证、优势及并发症。方法:回顾首都医科大学宣武医院血管外科2011年1月—2014年6月采用联合入路进行腔内治疗的57例锁骨下动脉闭塞性病变患者,分析患者病变特点、手术成功率、联合入路的优势、并发症及随访情况。结果:患者病变可分为3种类型,包括顺行无法开通的锁骨下动脉闭塞(31例);右锁骨下动脉起始部狭窄或闭塞(16例);紧邻椎动脉开口的远段锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞(10例)。全组腔内治疗成功率为91.2%,出现穿刺并发症3例。术后6、12、24、36个月,支架通畅率分别为100%、100%、90%、77.7%。结论:对于常规入路难以开通的锁骨下动脉闭塞,联合入路能够有效提高开通率,且有利于支架的精准定位减少并发症发生等优势。     

颈动脉硬化内膜剥脱术预防脑梗死94例分析

目的探讨颈动脉硬化内膜剥脱术预防脑梗死的临床效果。方法1996~2004年北京大学人民医院共治疗颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄或闭塞94例。行单纯颈动脉硬化内膜剥脱者84例93次,其中在颈动脉转流管保护下完成64例73次。对于完全闭塞的13例病人行硬化内膜剥脱和取栓术。结果13例完全闭塞的颈动脉病人2例部分再通,10例获完全再通,1例未能再通。但1例获得完全再通后5h发现脑出血死亡。另1例拔除气管插管时并发气管痉挛未能及时插管导致脑缺氧时间过长病人最后呈植物状态。除1例术后早期出现一侧上肢稍麻木外,其他颈动脉狭窄者无论转流或非转流下行内膜剥脱者均未发生脑缺血并发症。随访发现1例行内膜剥脱术后局部再次狭窄20%左右。结论颈动脉硬化内膜剥脱术为一种安全的预防脑梗死方法,颈动脉转流能提高颈动脉内膜剥脱术的安全性。     

Patterns of venous insufficiency after an acute deep vein thrombosis

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate patterns of venous insufficiency during a 12-month period after an acute deep vein thrombosis. STUDY DESIGN: Seventy limbs in 67 patients with an acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) involving 147 anatomic segments were evaluated with duplex scanning at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Venous segments were examined whether they were occluded, partially recanalized, or totally recanalized, and the development of venous reflux was evaluated. RESULTS: The segments investigated were the common femoral vein (38 segments), femoral vein (33 segments), popliteal vein (36 segments), and calf veins (40 segments). There were 35 limbs with isolated DVT and the remaining 35 had multisegment DVT. At 1 year, thrombi had fully resolved in 76% of the segments, 20% remained partially recanalized, and 5% were occluded. The venous occlusion was most predominant in the femoral vein (21%) at 1 year. On the contrary, rapid recanalization was obtained in calf veins than in proximal veins at each examination (p < 0.01). Deep vein insufficiency was detected as early as 1 month after development of DVT, and the reflux was most predominant in popliteal veins (56%), followed by femoral veins (18%). No reflux was found in calf veins. Multisegment DVTs had a significantly higher incidence of deep vein insufficiency than single segment DVTs at 1 year. Development of superficial venous insufficiency was found in 5 limbs (7%) and perforating vein insufficiency in 5 (7%). CONCLUSIONS: Lower extremity venous segments showed different proportions of occlusion, partial recanalization, and total recanalization. Calf veins showed more rapid recanalization than proximal veins. Venous reflux was noted as early as 1 month. The limbs involving multisegment DVTs on initial examination had a higher incidence of deep vein insufficiency and could require much longer followup studies.     

宫、腹腔镜联合诊治输卵管性不孕102例分析

目的探讨宫腔镜联合腹腔镜对输卵管性不孕的诊断及治疗效果。方法 2005年2月~2008年2月,对腹腔镜监视下通液证实的输卵管梗阻性不孕患者102例,行腹腔镜下盆腔粘连分解、输卵管造口成形术以及宫腔镜联合腹腔镜输卵管插管复通手术。结果 102例203条输卵管中,远段不通145条,经粘连分解及伞端造口后复通72条,输卵管插管复通31条,共复通103条,复通率71.0%(103/145);58条近中段梗阻输卵管经分解粘连仅8条复通,输卵管插管复通26条,共复通34条,复通率58.6%(34/58)。复通失败的66条输卵管中病理证实为陈旧性结核病变36条(36/66,54.5%),其中30条为原发不孕患者,复通成功的输卵管仅2条为结核(2/137,1.5%),且为早期,通畅情况均为通而不畅。复通术后2年的62例中宫内妊娠24例(38.7%),输卵管妊娠4例(6.5%)。其中23例(23/28,82.1%)于术后3~12个月妊娠。结论腹腔镜下盆腔粘连分解、输卵管造口成形以及宫、腹腔镜联合输卵管插管复通是治疗输卵管梗阻性不孕的有效方法;输卵管结核是本地区妇女原发性输卵管性不孕的重要因素,治疗效果极差。     

Embolectomy for acute embolic occlusion of the internal carotid artery bifurcation

BACKGROUND: Acute occlusion of the distal intracranial segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) causes sudden severe hemispheric ischemia. A low rate of recanalization and a high mortality rate for this condition have been noted, even with endovascular treatment. METHODS: We report the results of emergency embolectomy in six patients with acute embolic occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation. All six patients were admitted to our institute within 2 h of the onset of symptoms. Computed tomography (CT) scans on admission revealed no low-density or high-density regions in any patients. The time between onset of symptoms and completion of angiography ranged from 2 to 4 h (2.8 +/- 0.7 h). RESULTS: Emergency embolectomy was performed for each patient. Recanalization was confirmed angiographically in four of the patients. In the remaining two patients, massive infarction in the territory of the ICA was detected on the CT scans obtained the day of the operation, and postoperative angiography was not performed in these two cases. These two patients died of uncal herniation 6 days after onset. Two of the six patients were able to walk with a cane 2 months after surgery. The remaining two patients were unable to walk or attend to their own bodily needs without assistance. The time elapsed between onset of symptoms to reopening of the occluded vessel was within 6 h in the four surviving patients. The recanalization rate was 66.7% (4/6) for the embolectomy procedure, significantly higher than that (12.5%) of the thrombolytic therapy reported in a previous study. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, open embolectomy can be performed when the time after onset of symptoms is less than 6 h.     

Fate of great saphenous vein after radio-frequency ablation: detailed ultrasound imaging

Radio-frequency ablation (RFA) of the great saphenous vein (GSV) is an endovascular alternative to stripping. To determine long-term effectiveness, the fate of GSV treated for valvular insufficiency with RFA was evaluated in detail with ultrasound imaging (US). One hundred lower extremities were examined with high-resolution color flow US, an average of 8 months after RFA treatment of an incompetent GSV. For every cm of the RFA-treated segment, the US observation was classified as follows: absent, occluded, or recanalized. Lengths of vein segments in each class were added and percentages of absent, occluded, or recanalized segments were calculated. Five groups were identified. Group I (n = 15): segment of treated GSV was absent. Group II (n = 4): segment of treated GSV was visualized and occluded (these vein segments had no flow and were shrunk and "fibrotic" or thrombosed without clear evidence of significant shrinkage). Group III (n = 1): segment of treated GSV was recanalized. Group IV (n = 27): segment of treated GSV was obstructed (absent or occluded). Group V (n = 53): segment of treated GSV was partially recanalized, on average being 53% absent, 32% occluded, and 15% recanalized. Maximum recanalization was 50% of treated segment. RFA was successful in obliterating all of the GSV treated segment in 46% of veins (groups I, 15%, plus II, 4%, plus IV, 27%) and obliterated more than half of the treated vein segment in 53% of the cases (group V). A dynamic process of recanalization and thrombosis warrants further evaluation to determine if and how a collateral network may develop.     

Concomitant ipsilateral carotid endarterectomy and stenting is an effective treatment for tandem carotid artery lesions

ObjectiveData regarding the treatment of tandem carotid artery lesions at the bifurcation and ipsilateral, proximal common carotid artery (CCA) are limited. It has been suggested that concomitant treatment with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and proximal ipsilateral carotid artery stenting confers a high risk of stroke and death. The objective of this study was to evaluate the technique and outcomes of this hybrid procedure at a single institution.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed including patients who underwent CEA + ipsilateral carotid artery stenting for treatment of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease between December 2007 and April 2017. Primary endpoints were postoperative myocardial infarction, neurologic event, and perioperative mortality.ResultsTwenty-two patients (15 male [68%]) underwent CEA + ipsilateral carotid artery stenting with a mean follow-up of 67 ± 77 months. The mean age was 70.0 ± 6.1 years old, all with a prior smoking history (eight current smokers [64%]). Twelve patients (55%) were treated for symptomatic disease and three had a prior ipsilateral CEA (one also with CAS). Computed tomographic angiography imaging was performed preoperatively in 21 patients (95%). CEA was performed first in 18 patients (82%) followed by ipsilateral carotid artery stenting. CEA was performed with a patch in 20 and eversion endarterectomy in two patients. Ipsilateral CCA was stented in 21 patients (96%) and one innominate was stented in a patient with a right CEA. Additional endovascular interventions were performed in three patients: 1 innominate stent, 1 distal ipsilateral internal carotid artery stent, and 1 right subclavian artery stent. All proximal stents were placed with sheath access through the endarterectomy patch in 12 (55%), CCA in 7 (32%), and through the arteriotomy before patching in 3 (14%). Distal internal carotid artery clamping was performed in 18 (90%, available 20) of patients before ipsilateral carotid artery stenting. All proximal lesions were successfully treated endovascularly with no open conversion. One dissection was created and treated effectively with stenting. One perioperative stroke (4.5%) occurred in a patient treated for symptomatic disease, 1 postoperative myocardial infarction (4.5%), and 2 patients (9.1%) with cranial nerve injuries. There was one patient who expired within 30 days, shortly after discharge for unknown reasons. The mean length of stay was 2.6 ± 2.0 days.ConclusionsIn appropriately selected patients, concomitant CEA and ipsilateral carotid artery stenting can be safely performed in high-risk patients with a low risk of myocardial infarction, neurologic events, and perioperative mortality when careful surgical technique is used, using direct carotid access, and distal carotid clamping for cerebral protection before stenting.     

Use of an embolic protection system during endovascular recanalization of a totally occluded cervical internal carotid artery at the chronic stage. Case report

A symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion with hemodynamic compromise was treated at its chronic stage by using an endovascular technique. An embolic protection system was used during the recanalization procedure to prevent stroke by reversing the flow from the distal ICA to the common carotid artery. The totally occluded ICA was completely recanalized through percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent placement. The patient's symptom (transient ischemic attack) disappeared completely after treatment with no new neurological deficit. Single-photon emission computerized tomography findings confirmed improvement of the hemodynamic compromise, and no new high-intensity spots appeared on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging after treatment. This case shows that endovascular recanalization by using an embolic protection device can be considered as an alternative treatment for symptomatic ICA occlusion with hemodynamic compromise and refractoriness to antiplatelet therapy, even in the chronic stage of the illness.     

Antegrade recanalization of completely embolized internal carotid artery after treatment of a giant intracavernous aneurysm: a case report

BACKGROUND: Parent artery occlusion is one of the traditional methods of treatment for unclippable aneurysms. However, parent artery occlusion may not result in permanent exclusion of the aneurysm from the systemic circulation. We present a case of cerebral aneurysm treated by proximal embolization of the parent artery, which recanalized during the follow-up period. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 69-year-old woman presented with a right blepharoptosis and diplopia. A large aneurysm arising from the cavernous portion of the right internal carotid artery was found and endovascularly excluded from the cerebral circulation by proximal internal carotid artery occlusion with balloons. Eleven days after treatment, occlusion of the parent artery and obliteration of the aneurysm were angiographically confirmed. However, the parent artery was found to be recanalized with nearly total obliteration of the aneurysm at the follow-up 6 months after treatment. CONCLUSION: Angiography suggested that recanalization took place through the vaso vasorum. We believe that recanalization was induced by marginal cerebral blood flow in the ipsilateral hemisphere.