荧光性离子液体[MNPy]PF_6的合成及光谱性质初探

以1-氯甲基萘、吡啶和六氟磷酸钾为原料,两步法合成具有荧光性的离子液体1-甲基萘吡啶六氟磷酸盐([MNPy]PF6)。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(13C-NMR)、质谱(MS)对其结构进行表征。紫外光谱、荧光光谱和循环伏安法对其光谱和电化学性能进行研究,结果表明该离子液体乙醇溶液具有较强的紫外吸收和荧光发射光谱,λab(max)=266.0 nm、λem(max)=361.84 nm,且光谱强度和浓度呈良好的线性关系;该离子液体的还原-氧化极限电位为-0.74V和1.71V;荧光量子产率Yu=0.61。     

离子液体的合成及其对瓜尔胶的溶解性能

本文合成了氯化1-烯丙基-2-丙烯基-4,5-二氢化咪唑(AihimCl),氯化1-丁基-2-丙烯基-4,5-二氢化咪唑(BihimCl),氯化1-己基-2-丙烯基-4,5-二氢化咪唑(HihimCl),氯化1-辛基-2-丙烯基-4,5-二氢化咪唑(OihimCl)四种离子液体;并用傅立叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR),核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和碳谱(13C NMR)表征了其结构;研究了这四种离子液体对瓜尔胶(GG)的溶解性,并用偏光显微镜观察了其溶解过程,瓜尔胶在BihimCl中的溶解度可达5.5%;比较了瓜尔胶在四种离子液体中的溶解速度,在BihimCl和OihimCl中的溶解速度比在AihimCl和HihimCl中快,6小时后都能够完全溶解。     

[C_4mim][PF_6]和[C_4mim][NTf_2]离子液体辐射诱导的相行为及荧光行为变化

离子液体因其低挥发性,高热稳定性及优良的萃取性能被认为是萃取分离放射性核素的新一代绿色溶剂,而研究离子液体本身的辐射效应是其实际应用的重要前提.本文以~(60)Co为辐射源,系统研究了γ辐照对两种常见的憎水性咪唑离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C_4mim][PF_6])和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲基磺酰胺酸盐([C_4mim][NTf_2])的相行为及荧光行为的影响.在相行为方面,γ辐照使离子液体的结晶驰豫时间增加,导致其低温结晶延迟.在荧光行为方面,γ辐照后离子液体的荧光光谱保持原有的"红边效应(red edge effect)",但随吸收剂量增加,光谱整体发生红移(最大移动幅度达150 nm).并且这种"红边效应"在辐照后离子液体的乙腈稀释剂中仍然存在,且随稀释倍数增加光谱整体发生蓝移.[C_4mim][PF_6]和[C_4mim][NTf_2]离子液体辐照后的这种相行为及荧光行为的变化可归因于辐照对其阴阳离子空间相关性(缔合行为)的影响.     

[C4mim][PF6]和[C4mim][NTf2]离子液体辐射诱导的相行为及荧光行为变化

离子液体因其低挥发性, 高热稳定性及优良的萃取性能被认为是萃取分离放射性核素的新一代绿色溶剂, 而研究离子液体本身的辐射效应是其实际应用的重要前提. 本文以60Co为辐射源, 系统研究了γ辐照对两种常见的憎水性咪唑离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C4mim][PF6])和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲基磺酰胺酸盐([C4mim][NTf2])的相行为及荧光行为的影响. 在相行为方面, γ辐照使离子液体的结晶驰豫时间增加, 导致其低温结晶延迟. 在荧光行为方面, γ辐照后离子液体的荧光光谱保持原有的“红边效应(red edge effect)”, 但随吸收剂量增加, 光谱整体发生红移(最大移动幅度达150 nm). 并且这种“红边效应”在辐照后离子液体的乙腈稀释剂中仍然存在, 且随稀释倍数增加光谱整体发生蓝移. [C4mim][PF6]和[C4mim][NTf2]离子液体辐照后的这种相行为及荧光行为的变化可归因于辐照对其阴阳离子空间相关性(缔合行为)的影响.     

羟基功能化离子液体与溶菌酶相互作用的研究

采用荧光光谱和紫外吸收光谱研究了羟基功能化离子液体1-(1,2-二羟基丙基)-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([2,3-dhpmim]Cl)、1-(1,2-二羟基丙基)-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([2,3-dhpmim]BF4)、1-(1,2-二羟基丙基)-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([2,3-dhpmim]PF6)与溶菌酶的相互作用。研究发现此3种离子液体对溶菌酶的荧光猝灭均为静态猝灭;同步荧光显示离子液体与溶菌酶肽链上的色氨酸残基作用,色氨酸残基微环境发生改变;结合常数和结合位点数按照[2,3-dhpmim]Cl、[2,3-dhpmim]BF4、[2,3-dhpmim]PF6顺序依次增大,并随温度的升高而增大。     

咪唑基离子液体的结构-光谱性能分析及蛋白质传感

考察了对称型卤代咪唑基离子液体咪唑环上的烷基链长度和不同卤素阴离子(Cl-,Br-,I-)对其光谱性能的影响.实验结果表明,随离子液体咪唑环中烷基链长度增加,离子液体的荧光强度增大;随离子液体中卤素阴离子的电负性降低,其荧光强度减弱.加入血红蛋白可导致咪唑型离子液体的荧光强度增强,且在一定范围内与蛋白质浓度成正比,据此可对血红蛋白进行定量检测,线性范围为0.03 ～ 1.0 μmol/L,检出限为8 nmol/L.另外,根据不同蛋白质对咪唑基离子液体荧光性能的影响,建立了阵列传感系统用于8种蛋白质的区分与识别,在蛋白质浓度高于500 nmol/L时,识别正确率达到90％以上.     

烷基膦酸功能型离子液体合成、表征及对铀(Ⅵ)的萃取性能

以咪唑和吡啶作为阳离子基体,设计合成了3种具有烷基膦酸功能基团的功能型离子液体,利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和元素分析对离子液体的结构进行了确认,测定了离子液体的相转变温度、热稳定性、密度和黏度等物理性能,并对硝酸介质中萃取铀酰离子进行了研究.结果表明,所制备的功能离子液体可同时作为稀释剂和萃取剂,在室温环境下实现对铀(Ⅵ)的萃取,萃取率可达到90%以上.     

烷基膦酸功能型离子液体合成、 表征及对铀(Ⅵ)的萃取性能

以咪唑和吡啶作为阳离子基体, 设计合成了3种具有烷基膦酸功能基团的功能型离子液体, 利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、 核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)和元素分析对离子液体的结构进行了确认, 测定了离子液体的相转变温度、 热稳定性、 密度和黏度等物理性能, 并对硝酸介质中萃取铀酰离子进行了研究. 结果表明, 所制备的功能离子液体可同时作为稀释剂和萃取剂, 在室温环境下实现对铀(Ⅵ)的萃取, 萃取率可达到90%以上.     

含稀土离子液体[Cnmim][Ln（NO3）4]的合成、表征及荧光性能研究

以N-甲基咪唑,溴代烷烃和硝酸钠为原料,合成了5种离子液体[Cnmim]NO3(n=2,4,6,8,10;mim=N-甲基咪唑),并对离子液体进行了表征.用[Cnmim]NO3与硝酸铕、硝酸铽反应,得到了含稀土离子液体[Cnmim][Ln(NO3)4](Ln=Eu,Tb).利用电喷雾质谱对[Cnmim][Ln(NO3)4]的结构进行了表征,结果表明稀土离子与来自4个硝酸根的8个氧原子配位,形成[Ln(NO3)4]阴离子,阳离子为1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑.荧光研究表明,[Cnmim][Ln(NO3)4](Ln=Eu,Tb)的溶液存在较强荧光;温度和浓度影响荧光强度.     

双核离子液体的合成及其对酯化反应的催化活性

合成了双-(3-甲基-1-咪唑)亚丁基双对甲苯磺酸盐(Im-PTSA)、双-(3-甲基-1-咪唑)亚丁基双硫酸氢盐(Im-HSO4)、双-(1-吡啶)亚丁基双对甲苯磺酸盐(Py-PTSA)、双-(1-吡啶)亚丁基双硫酸氢盐(Py-HSO4)等4种功能化双核离子液体.分别采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)对合成的离子液体进行结构分析;采用热重(TG)测试了离子液体的热稳定性;此外,考察了离子液体的酸性和溶解性.以丁二酸和乙醇的酯化反应考察了4种离子液体的催化活性,结果表明:当n(C4H6O4)∶n(C2H5OH)=1∶3,催化剂Im-PTSA量占总质量的1.90%,反应温度70℃,反应时间2.5 h,酯收率可达93.6%,选择性达100%,且离子液体经真空干燥重复使用8次,催化活性没有明显降低.以奥氏体316 L不锈钢为试样,考察了双核功能化离子液体的腐蚀性,与浓硫酸进行对比,其对钢试样的腐蚀率不到浓硫酸的1/10.以双-(3-甲基-1-咪唑)亚丁基双对甲苯磺酸盐(Im-PTSA)为催化剂,考察了一元有机酸和二元有机酸与系列醇的酯化反应,均获得较高的酯收率和选择性,反应结束后产品与催化剂自动分层,简化了分离,有望成为一种具有发展潜力的酯化催化剂.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.