左束支传导阻滞患者的冠状动脉造影分析

目的:研究左束支传导阻滞(LBBB)患者中冠状动脉受累情况。方法:回顾性分析术前常规心电图检出的195例LBBB患者冠状动脉造影和左室功能。结果:在63例左室射血分数(LVEF)≥50%的LBBB患者中,仅5例(8%)为左主干或3支血管病变;在132例LVEF<50%的患者中,仅18例(14%)为左主干或3支血管病变。结论:大多数LBBB的患者无左主干或3支血管病变,且与左室收缩功能无关。     

60例完全性左束支传导阻滞患者的临床及冠状动脉造影特点分析

目的 分析完全性左束支传导阻滞(LBBB)患者的临床以及冠状动脉和左心室造影特点。方法 60例患者为本院1993年1月～2002年7月收入院,心电图显示LBBB并接受冠状动脉造影检查。年龄35～72(51±11)岁,其中男性44例,女性16例。患者LBBB由心电图分析确定。采用Judkins法进行选择性冠状动脉及左心室造影检查,通过计算机图像处理系统测定左心室射血分数及室壁运动。所有资料采用SAS软件处理,以P<0.05作为差异有显著性。结果 在有胸痛的32例(53％)患者中,22例冠状动脉造影显示异常,10例造影正常。在28例(47％)无胸痛者中,9例冠状动脉造影异常,19例造影正常。(1)确诊为冠心病者29例(48％),其中有胸痛或心绞痛者20例,无心绞痛者9例。冠状动脉造影单支病变13例,双支病变4例,三支病变12例。左心室造影异常者18例。(2)确诊高血压病者9例(15％),其中有胸痛者4例,无胸痛者5例,冠状动脉造影均正常。(3)扩张型心肌病10例(17％),其中有胸痛者3例,无胸痛者7例,胸痛者中仅1例冠状动脉造影示前降支单支临界病变。(4)确诊风湿性心脏病2例(3％),其中1例有胸痛者冠状动脉造影显示双支病变。(5)临床仅表现LBBB,而无其他器质性心脏病证据者10例(17％);其中有胸痛者4例,无胸痛者6例,冠状动脉造影均正常。结论 LBBB较常见于冠心病,当L     

合并左束支阻滞的冠心病患者临床及冠状动脉造影特点分析

目的分析合并完全性左束支阻滞（LBBB）的冠心病患者的临床以及冠状动脉造影特点。方法285例2002年1月至2008年1月收入院心电图显示LBBB的患者,并接受冠状动脉造影检查。年龄33～86（60±9）岁,其中男性165例,女性120例。采用Judkins法进行选择性冠状动脉及左心室造影检查,通过计算机图像处理系统测定左心室射血分数（LVEF）。结果在285例患者中根据造影检查结果,确诊为冠心病者174例,其中男性117例,女性57例。平均年龄（65±9）岁。排除冠心病者111例,其中男性48例,女性63例。平均年龄（60±9）岁,与不合并冠心病者相比,冠心病合并LBBB者,年龄较大,男性多见,糖尿病、高血压、既往心肌梗死发生率较高;冠状动脉造影显示：单支、双支和3支病变分别占32％、20％和46％。病变部位：前降支受累者最多见,占89％,回旋支受累者58％,右冠状动脉占64％,累及左主干者18％。多变量分析结果显示：经冠状动脉造影确诊的合并LBBB的冠心病患者,其独立预测因素包括：男性、年龄增加,合并高血压、糖尿病、既往心肌梗死者与冠心病发生密切相关,危险因素越多,冠状动脉造影诊断的冠心病发生率越高。结论合并LBBB的大多数冠心病患者,其临床特征包括高龄、男性、多合并糖尿病和／或高血压,既往有心肌梗死史。当LBBB伴不明原因胸痛或心电图异常难以解释时,冠状动脉造影有助于确定缺血性心脏病及病因诊断。     

踝臂指数与老老年患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性研究

目的探讨老老年冠心病患者踝臂指数(ABI)与冠状动脉狭窄严重程度的相关性,评价ABI对冠状动脉狭窄严重程度的预测价值。方法连续入选78例冠状动脉造影的老老年患者(年龄≥80岁)进行研究,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为无病变者(8例)、单支病变患者(10例)、2支病变患者(14例)、3支或左主干病变患者(46例)。对所有患者进行ABI测量、病史采集及血液生化检测。结果 ABI与Gensini评分呈负相关;冠状动脉3支或左主干病变患者ABI显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.001),而无病变、单支病变、2支病变患者ABI差异无统计学意义;ABI对3支或左主干病变预测价值的ROC曲线下面积为(0.79±0.04,95% CI:0.69～0.85,P0.001);ABI≤0.9作为截断值预测3支或左主干病变具有较高的特异性(89.5%)和敏感性(53.6%)。结论老老年冠心病患者ABI与冠状动脉狭窄严重程度呈负相关,ARI≤0.9对预测冠状动脉3支和左主干病变具有较高的特异性和敏感性。     

80岁以上冠心病患者的冠状动脉病变分析

目的 研究80岁以上冠心病患者冠状动脉造影的影像学特点.方法 收集150例诊断为冠心病行行冠状动脉造影的80岁以上患者的临床资料和冠状动脉造影结果,分析患者的合并疾病,冠状动脉病变部位、支数和狭窄程度,危险因素,危险因素与冠状动脉病变程度的关系.结果 高血压是最主要的合并症(72.7%),冠状动脉以多支病变为主(66.9%),病变血管平均3.08支/人.冠状动脉重度以上狭窄58.1%.糖尿病、陈旧性心肌梗死病史、脑梗塞在不同病变支数分组中差异显著(P＜0. 05).单支病变、多支病变、左主干病变、前降支病变、右冠状动脉病变的比例与危险因素的数量有关(P＜0. 05).结论 糖尿病、陈旧性心肌梗死病史、脑梗塞是80岁以上冠心病患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的危险因素.     

心电图正常的冠状动脉造影阳性病例分析

目的探讨心电图正常的冠心病病人冠状动脉造影特点.方法有典型的心前区疼痛病史而心电图正常的病人进行诊断性冠状动脉造影,收集冠状动脉造影阳性（冠状动脉狭窄直径≥50%）的完整冠心病病例共88例,其中合并有高血压病40例,糖尿病36例,进行分析.结果88例病人冠状动脉造影共累及病变数487处.其中左主干（LM）13例13处,左前降支（LAD）74例150处,左回旋支（LCX）59例106处,右冠状动脉（RCA）63例112处,对角支49例56处,间隔支1例1处,钝缘支15例15处,锐缘支4例4处,左室后支6例7处,后降支18例22处,中间支1例1处,左前降支心肌桥2例2处（其中1例心肌桥收缩期100%闭塞）;88例病人中100%闭塞病变18例（占20.5%）,存在侧支循环22例（占25%）;单支病变14例（占15.9%）,以左前降支为多,占78.6%（11/14）,双支病变28例（占31.8%）,左前降支＋右冠状动脉相对多,占46.4%（13/28）,三支病变33例（其中1例为LCX合并RCA及中间支）,占37.5%（33/88）,且多合并有高血压病及糖尿病.左主干病变13例,占14.8%（13/88）,其中左主干合并单支病变3例（占3.4%）,左主干合并双支病变4例（占4.5%）,左主干合并三支病变6例（占6.8%）.结论冠心病患者心电图正常的原因：病灶小、局限;病变狭窄程度轻;狭窄病变供血的心肌存在良好的侧支循环;冠状动脉存在广泛病变;心电图伪改善.因此,心电图与冠状动脉造影的不一致性提醒临床医师不应根据体表心电图无缺血改变而除外冠心病诊断.     

二维纵向应变对室壁运动正常患者冠状动脉左主干和三支病变的预测价值

目的:应用二维斑点追踪显像(2D-STI)技术评价室壁运动正常的不同程度冠状动脉病变患者左心室心肌纵向应变,探讨不同应变参数对冠状动脉左主干和三支病变的预测价值。方法:选取92例可疑冠心病患者,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为:冠心病高危组(左主干或三支病变)24例,冠心病低危组(单支或双支病变)36例和对照组(无冠心病)32例。应用自动功能成像技术获取左心室基底段纵向应变、中间段纵向应变、心尖段纵向应变、基底段+中间段纵向应变以及左心室整体纵向应变。比较三组间各常规超声参数和二维纵向应变参数的差异,利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各应变参数对冠状动脉左主干和三支病变的预测价值。结果:随着冠状动脉病变程度加重,对照组、冠心病低危组、冠心病高危组的左心室基底段纵向应变、中间段纵向应变、心尖段纵向应变、基底段+中间段纵向应变以及左心室整体纵向应变均逐渐减低,上述指标冠心病低危组均低于对照组,冠心病高危组均低于冠心病低危组(P均0.01)。ROC曲线分析显示,左心室基底段+中间段纵向应变预测冠状动脉左主干和三支病变的曲线下面积最大,为0.870,最佳界值为-18.1%(敏感度83.3%,特异度76.5%)。结论:在静息状态下室壁运动正常的冠心病患者中,左心室各水平及整体纵向应变随冠状动脉病变程度加重逐渐减低,二维纵向应变可较敏感地发现心肌缺血,左心室基底段+中间段纵向应变对冠状动脉左主干及三支病变的预测价值最大。     

老年冠心病患者顺路肾动脉造影的意义

目的 探讨老年冠心病患者中肾动脉狭窄的发病率,明确与动脉硬化性肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)的相关危险因素.方法 总结我院262例因拟诊冠心病而行冠状动脉造影并常规术中顺路行选择性双肾动脉造影的老年患者的临床资料,分析老年冠心病患者中ARAS的发病率.以ARAS为自变量,行Logistic多元回归分析,明确ARAS的危险因素.结果 262例患者共发现ARAS 48例(18.3%),其中中度狭窄34例(13.0%),重度狭窄14例(5.3%).明确诊断冠心病的193例中,ARAS的发生率为22.2%,明显高于无冠心病患者(3.6%)(P＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析,预测ARAS 的独立危险因素为:女性、血肌酐(Scr)异常、左主干病变、冠状动脉三支病变.结论 老年冠状动脉粥样硬化患者中ARAS的发生率较高,冠状动脉造影的同时行顺路肾动脉造影安全可行.但ARAS与冠状动脉疾病并不完全平行,女性、Scr异常、左主干病变及冠状动脉三支病变是老年ARAS的独立危险因素.     

腺苷负荷实时三维超声心动图试验诊断冠心病的应用价值

目的:探讨腺苷负荷实时三维超声心动图试验(3D-ASE)对冠心病诊断的应用价值。方法:46例临床拟诊冠心病患者[其中男性26例,女性20例,年龄38~73岁,平均(63.3±7.2)岁],应用节段性容量变化规律分析3D-ASE。将46例患者分别静脉注射腺苷,注射剂量为140μg/(kg·min),用药时间为6 min,记录节段性室壁运动、心电图、患者症状、血压和心率变化。左心室节段中达到最小收缩体积的时间逐渐延长为阳性。并在试验后2周内行冠状动脉造影,以三支主要血管至少有一支狭窄≥50%为阳性。结果:46例患者中,冠状动脉造影阳性29例,3D-ASE阳性26例,阳性率89.7%;冠状动脉造影阴性17例,3D-ASE阳性4例,阳性率23.5%。46例患者中腺苷负荷心电图阳性8例,阳性率17.4%。冠状动脉造影显示病变血管48支,正常血管90支;3D-ASE阳性血管40支,阴性98支。3D-ASE诊断冠心病的总体敏感性为89.6%(26/29),特异性为76.5%(13/17),准确度84.8%(39/46)。冠状动脉造影和3D-ASE诊断血管病变均为阳性有36支。3D-ASE判断血管病变的敏感性为75%(36/48),特异性95.6%(86/90),准确度88.4%(122/138)。3D-ASE诊断单支、双支、三支冠状动脉病变的敏感性分别为60%(9/15)、88.9%(8/9)、100%(5/5)。3D-ASE不良反应发生率为52.2%,但症状轻微,患者均能耐受,无严重不良反应发生。结论:3D-ASE诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性高,尤其对定位严重的冠状动脉病变准确性高,不良反应小,且检查无创,在冠心病的临床诊断应用中具有重要价值。     

左冠状动脉主干狭窄的临床分析

作者分析了222例冠心病患者冠状动脉造影结果。其中左冠状动脉主干狭窄12例,占5.4%,左主干开口处病变程度较同时累及的其它支相对轻。左主干分叉处病变程度与同时累及的其它支相近。左主干狭窄不能根据临床表现、体检及心电图等无创性检查作出明确诊断。冠状动脉旁路手术可以延长患者的生命。     

冠状动脉病变程度对左室功能的影响

目的　探讨冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度与左室功能的关系。方法　 30 6例选择性冠状动脉造影 ,193例冠状动脉造影证实冠心病患者按病变程度、范围及Gensini积分分组 ,测定左室射血分数、短轴缩短分数、舒张早期充盈峰及舒张晚期充盈峰的最大峰值速度 ,并计算E/A比值。结果　冠状动脉轻度、中度病变、单支病变及Gensini积分小于 2 0分时 ,左室收缩功能改变不明显 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,舒张功能出现减退 (P <0 .0 5或P<0 .0 1)。收缩功能减退与受累血管数量、病变程度重及Gensini积分高有明显相关性。结论　冠心病患者左室舒张功能减退常先于收缩功能减退 ,舒张功能的异常是冠心病心功能受累早期改变的敏感指标     

Predictors of coronary artery disease in patients with left bundle branch block undergoing coronary angiography

Patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) have a worse prognosis than those with LBBB without CAD. In addition, subjects with CAD and concomitant LBBB have a higher cardiovascular mortality than those with a similar extent of CAD but without LBBB. Because the presence of LBBB makes the noninvasive identification of CAD problematic, patients with LBBB often are referred for coronary angiography to assess the presence and severity of CAD. To determine the clinical and demographic variables that might help identify those with CAD, we analyzed data from 336 consecutive patients with LBBB referred for coronary angiography. Of the 336, 54% had CAD. In conclusion, those with CAD were likely to be older, Caucasian, and men; they were more likely to have angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and diabetes mellitus; and they were more likely to have a left ventricular ejection fraction <0.50. In contrast, patients with heart failure were less likely to have CAD.     

Value of dobutamine stress echocardiography for diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients with left bundle branch blockage

BACKGROUND: Left bundle branch blockage (LBBB) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Non-invasive tests such as exercise-stress testing and scintigraphy studies have no diagnostic value for diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with LBBB. OBJECTIVE: To study the role of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in identification of CAD in patients with LBBB. METHODS: Thirty patients (19 men and 11 women, mean age 60 +/- 8 years) with permanent, complete LBBB were studied prospectively with DSE and coronary angiography. RESULTS: Results of DSE were compared with results of coronary angiography for left anterior descending artery and either left circumflex or right coronary artery territories, or both. Significant CAD was found in left anterior descending coronary arteries in 11 patients by coronary angiography; nine of whom were identified by DSE. Significant left circumflex or right coronary artery disease, or both, was found in nine patients; eight of whom were identified by DSE. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of DSE for identifying CAD in left anterior descending coronary artery territory were 82, 95 and 90%, respectively. For identifying CAD in the circumflex and right coronary artery territories sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 88, 96 and 93%, respectively. CONCLUSION: We concluded that DSE is a very sensitive, specific and accurate non-invasive test for identification of CAD, both in left anterior descending and in left circumflex and right coronary artery territories of patients with LBBB.     

Presence and extent of angiographic coronary narrowing in patients with left bundle branch block

Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and concomitant left bundle branch block have increased mortality compared with those with CAD but without left bundle branch block. We retrospectively analyzed the extent of CAD in 200 patients with left bundle branch block referred for coronary angiography. Only 13% had left main or 3-vessel CAD. These findings were irrespective of left ventricular (LV) function. Of the 65 patients with normal LV function, only 5 (8%) had left main or 3-vessel disease, and of the 135 patients with depressed LV function, only 21 (16%) had left main or 3-vessel disease.     

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis in cocaine-induced myocarditis with involvement of bundle of His and left bundle branch

Non-invasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and left bundle branch block (LBBB) remains challenging, and there is no consensus on the role of myocardial sesta-MIBI perfusion scintigraphy with pharmacological stress (dip-MIBI) or dipiridamole echocardiography (dip-ECHO). We thus performed a prospective study to test the diagnostic accuracy of such non-invasive tests. 27 consecutive patients with both LV dysfunction and LBBB undergoing diagnostic work-up for CAD were studied simultaneously with dip-ECHO and dip-MIBI. The sensitivity for CAD for dip-ECHO and dip-MIBI was respectively 42% and 67%, with specificity 93% and 53%, and likelihood ratio (LR)-positive 6.3 and LR-negative 0.6 for both. Given the low accuracy of both dip-ECHO and dip-MIBI in detecting CAD in patients with concomitant LV dysfunction and LBBB, coronary angiography should be performed as the default diagnostic strategy in such patients.     

选择性冠状动脉造影发生心室颤动11例分析

目的　探讨选择性冠状动脉造影术 (SCA)中发生心室颤动 (Vf)的发生率及其原因。方法　回顾性分析 12 73例冠状动脉造影术发生心室颤动病例及其原因。结果　 12 73例SCA术发生Vf11例 (0 .0 9% ) ,Vf均发生于多支血管病变 ,其中双支血管病变 (DVD) 5例 ,三支血管病变 (TVD) 6例 ,合并左主干病变 4例。发生Vf前冠状动脉压力均下降 ,随即发生Vf。结论　Vf易发生于左主干及多支血管病变的患者 ,在SCA中要密切注意压力及心电图的变化。     

Predictors of ventricular dysfunction and coronary artery disease in Iranian patients with left bundle branch block

Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and concomitant left bundle branch block (LBBB) have increased cardiovascular mortality rates in comparison with those with CAD but without LBBB. In patients with LBBB, therefore, the delineation of the presence and severity of CAD may be helpful in providing prognostic information. In this cross-sectional study 219 patients with LBBB and suspected CAD that underwent coronary angiography, assessed for having CAD and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. CAD was present in 124 (56.3%) patients and left ventricular ejection fraction <50% was seen in 147 (67.1%) patients. Advanced age (p=0.001), male gender (p=0.027, OR=1.94), history of chest pain (p=0.015, OR=2.08) and LVEF <50% (p=0.026, OR=3.04) were predictors of CAD and older age (p=0.004), male gender (p=0.017, OR=2.11), history of diabetes mellitus (p=0.043, OR=1.45) and angiographically documented CAD (p=0.001, OR=3.41) were predictors of LV dysfunction.     

Assessing ischemic heart disease in patients with left bundle branch block--an emerging role for multislice computed tomography

Diagnosis of left bundle branch block (LBBB) with concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) alters the prognosis and the therapeutic management. All common non-invasive stress tests have a limited performance to identify CAD in patients with LBBB. Thus invasive coronary angiography is often needed to confirm or defer obstructive CAD. We propose a new diagnostic algorithm in evaluation of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with LBBB.     

Importance of left ventricular activation in determining myocardial performance (Tei) index: comparison with total isovolumic time

BACKGROUND: The Tei index is commonly used as a measure of "combined systolic and diastolic function". A sensitive and specific index of intrinsic myocardial contraction and relaxation would be independent of abnormal activation. We aimed to determine whether the Tei index fulfils this criterion in patients with normal activation or left bundle branch block (LBBB), normal or dilated left ventricular (LV) cavities, with or without coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: We studied 32 controls and 124 patients; 49 had CAD and normal LV size (11 LBBB), 27 had non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM, 11 LBBB), and 48 had ischaemic DCM (17 LBBB). Tei index (isovolumic contraction time+isovolumic relaxation time/ejection time) and total isovolumic time (t-IVT: [60-(total ejection time+total filling time]) were measured using Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: Tei index and t-IVT were prolonged in LBBB (by 0.6 and 9.1 s/min, P<0.001). T-IVT identified LBBB with greater predictive accuracy than Tei index (sensitivity 97% vs. 90%, specificity 93% vs. 91%, P<0.05). Tei index and t-IVT were also prolonged in DCM (by 0.2 and 3.1 s/min, both P<0.001). Although Tei index identified DCM with sensitivity 71%, this fell to 53% when LBBB was excluded (P<0.05). CAD had no effect on Tei index or t-IVT. CONCLUSIONS: The Tei index is not a measure of intrinsic myocardial systolic and diastolic function, since its main determinant is ventricular activation rather than cavity size. T-IVT, however, is more sensitive to activation, is unrelated to cavity size or CAD, and may thus be a more accurate measure of the mechanical consequences of ventricular activation in a variety of cardiac conditions.