男性2型糖尿病患者失牙与吸烟相关关系的研究

目的 探讨吸烟对2型糖尿病男性患者失牙是否产生影响.方法 354例男性2型糖尿病患者依据吸烟与否分为2组,吸烟组151人,非吸烟组203人.问卷调查吸烟状况,口腔检查牙缺失数及其分布.应用SAS软件包及回归分析法统计分析失牙与吸烟的关系.结果 吸烟组与非吸烟组的失牙均数分别为:8.7、6.0,吸烟组显著高于非失牙组(P＜0.05);吸烟组平均失牙数与吸烟指数显著相关.结论 吸烟会加重2型糖尿病男性患者牙齿的丧失.     

凉山彝族自治州美姑县乡村彝族老年人口腔健康情况及知信行调查分析

目的 调查我院对口帮扶的凉山彝族自治州美姑县乃祖库村、合姑洛村彝族老年人口腔健康情况及知信行现状,分析影响因素,为口腔健康教育及干预措施提供依据。方法 采用便利抽样法,运用社区老年人口腔健康知信行问卷,调查两个村100名彝族老年人基本情况、口腔健康情况及相关知识、信念、行为现状;采用自制简易量表,由口腔医生检查受调查者口腔进行口腔健康情况调查;所得数据通过SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析。结果 两个村彝族老年人天然牙> 20颗仅27%,仅有23%的人佩戴义齿,龋齿、牙结石发生率100%。总口腔健康知识知晓率、信念持有率分别为49.95%、51.12%,口腔健康行为总得分平均分为30.78±12.05分。文化程度越低,彝族老年人口腔健康知识知晓率、行为形成率越低（P <0.05）;收入越低,对口腔健康信念持有率及行为形成率越低（P <0.05）,有无医疗保障影响彝族老年人口腔健康知识知晓、信念持有及行为形成（P <0.05）。人均月收入是影响彝族老年人口腔健康态度的重要因素（标准化回归系数为0.288;P <0.05）,文化程度、人均月收入、医疗保障是影响...     

成都市敬老院老年人口腔健康认知、行为的调查分析

目的 了解成都市敬老院老年人的口腔健康认知、行为现状及相关影响因素分析.方法 对成都市271名敬老院老年人进行口腔健康认知、卫生行为问卷调查.结果 敬老院老年人口腔健康认知度偏低,不正确的口腔行为较多.不同文化程度、经济水平的老年人认知度不同.口腔健康认知水平不同,其口腔健康行为差异显著.结论 文化程度、经济收入影响口腔健康认知度,为提高敬老院老年人口腔健康水平,应加强对其进行口腔健康教育,给予更多的口腔服务支持.     

沈阳市961名老年干部牙健康状况调查

目的了解并分析沈阳市老年干部牙健康状况。方法按第二次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查标准,对沈阳市961名60岁以上的老年干部进行口腔健康调查,结果用SPSS软件处理。结果患龋率为67.12%,患龋者的龋均随着年龄的增长而逐渐增高(P<0.05),龋齿全部充填率为33.18%。缺牙率为80.65%,人均失牙7.38颗,人均保留牙的数目与年龄呈负相关(P<0.01)。无牙牙合率为10.20%,无牙牙合与牙列缺损的修复率分别为98.98%和36.04%。牙周健康状况与年龄呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论牙列缺失及缺损是老年人常见的口腔疾患,龋病和牙周病是其主要原因。加强老年人的口腔保健意识,是提高口腔疾病治疗成功率的重要环节,进而增进老年人的全身健康。     

上海市65~74岁老年人失牙状况流行病学调查和危险因素分析

目的 了解上海市65~74岁老年人失牙状况分布特征,并分析失牙相关危险因素及其与牙周状况的关系,为今后开展口腔卫生保健工作提供依据。方法 按照第4次全国口腔健康流行病学调查要求,采取随机抽样方法,于2015年对上海市776名65~74岁年龄段老年人进行问卷调查和口腔检查。所得数据采用SPSS 21.0软件包进行非参数检验,对危险因素进行单因素分析,并通过Logistic回归模型进行独立危险因素分析。结果 上海市65~74岁年龄组老年人平均失牙数为5.94,平均缺失磨牙数为2.59。有牙周袋的老年人占42.3%,附着丧失≥4 mm的检出率为83.0%。男性失牙数和缺失磨牙数显著高于女性（P<0.05）。吸烟是非功能牙列的危险因素,吸烟量≥6支/d时,无法维持功能牙列的危险度是不吸烟人群的1.881倍（95%CI为1.231~2.872,P<0.01）。受教育年限≤6年及从事重体力劳动也是牙缺失的重要危险因素。结论 性别、口腔卫生习惯、吸烟、受教育程度、职业等因素是影响上海市65~74岁年龄组老年人牙缺失状况的重要因素。     

东北地区中老年人群牙缺失状况抽样调查分析

目的:了解东北地区中老年人群恒牙缺失状况,为口腔疾病防治策略提供依据.方法:根据全国第三次口腔健康流行病学调查的要求,采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,对东北地区4693名35～44岁和65～74岁人群的失牙情况进行调查.以失牙均和失牙率作为统计指标.采用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析.结果:在受检者中,牙列不完整者3135名,缺牙率为66.80%;受检者失牙均为4.95颗;392名上颌或下颌半口无牙.无牙颌率为8.35%,其中223名全口无牙,全口无牙颌率为4.75%.经统计学检验.女性失牙显著高于男性(P＜0.05);缺失牙城乡差异显著(P＜0.05);吉林省和辽宁省之间、吉林省和黑龙江省之间失牙率和失牙数比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.05),辽宁省和黑龙江省的失牙率和失牙数比较均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:东北地区中老年人失牙率较高,应重视中老年人群的口腔健康状况,加大力度做好口腔疾病的防治工作,以促进该人群的口腔健康,提高其生活质量.     

老年糖尿病患者的牙周炎及牙列缺损状况的调查研究

目的:探讨高龄老年糖尿病患者的牙周炎及牙列缺损的相关性,指导高龄军队做好口腔疾患的预防及保健工作。方法:随机选取北京地区9个干休所80岁以上男性共150名,分为糖尿病组和非糖尿病组,对其牙周炎患病率、牙列缺损率进行调查研究。结果:老年糖尿病组牙周炎患病率为73.3%,非糖尿病组35.6%,两组间存在显著差异(P<0.001);老年糖尿病组牙列缺损率为93.3%,非糖尿病组78.9%,两组间存在明显差异(P<0.05)。结论:老年糖尿病患者与牙周炎及牙列缺损存在显著相关性,应加强对高龄老年人血糖的监控,有助于口腔疾病的防治和诊疗,提高其生活质量。     

东风公司退休职工口腔状况调查报告

目的：调查东风公司退休职工的口腔状况,为口腔疾病防治提供参考。方法：采用病史询问及口腔检查方式进行口腔健康调查。结果：12285名受检者中患龋率19.54%,残根残冠存留率32.35%,失牙率51.5%,牙结石罹患率78.05%。结论：老年人口腔健康状况较差,对老年人应加强口腔健康教育、定期检查和治疗。     

牙周炎与冠心病相关因素分析

目的:分析牙周炎与冠心病患者的相关指标,探讨牙周炎与冠心病的内在联系。方法:选取冠心病伴重度牙周炎患者41例(P组),不伴有牙周炎的冠心病患者35例(C组)为研究对象,对两组患者进行牙周检查,并抽取空腹静脉血进行相关临床血清学检查,比较两组之间的差异。结果:P组与C组的年龄、性别、高血压史、体重指数、吸烟史等方面的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组间的松动牙数、因牙周病缺失牙数、出血指数、牙石指数、探诊深度的值各有差异,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组间的空腹血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、白细胞、纤维蛋白原、低密度脂蛋白的值各有差异,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:牙周炎与冠心病存在相关性,牙周炎可能是冠心病的危险因素。     

上海市946名老年人口腔健康情况调查

目的 了解本市老年人口腔健康状况,以便更好地开展老年人口腔疾病研究。方法 对946名本市城郊老人进行口腔检查,对相关数据进行统计分析。结果 946名老人失牙率为87.53％,修复率为43.84％,患龋率为30.53～75.00％,楔缺发生率为16.00％～89.47％。结论 上海市老年人口腔健康状况距WHO提出的口腔健康目标还有差距,加强老年人口腔保健工作十分重要。     

社区老年糖尿病患者牙周健康状况调查

目的：了解社区老年糖尿病患者牙周病的患病状况,以及老年人口腔保健行为,为改善老年人牙周健康提供理论依据.方法：对西安市辛家庙社区560名65岁以上老年人进行整群问卷调查和口腔健康检查,收集有效问卷546份.利用FoxPro6.0软件建立数据库,SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析.结果：在546名老年人中有106人患有糖尿病,有440人未患糖尿病,两组之间人口学特征均衡性较好无统计学差异（胗0.05）.糖尿病组牙周炎患者占89.62％,非糖尿病组牙周炎患者占62.5％,差异有统计学意义（x2=28.767,P=0.001）,糖尿病患者中重度牙周炎比例（49.1％）高于非糖尿病患者（14.1％）,差异有统计学意义（x2=63.219,P=0.001）,两组之间附着丧失（AL）、龈沟出血指数（SBI）比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论：老年人口腔保健行为不足,老年糖尿病患者口腔健康状况较差,牙周炎及重度牙周炎患病率均较非糖尿病老年人高,医生应当重视老年糖尿病患者的口腔卫生保健和口腔健康宣教工作.     

门诊986例老年人牙齿缺失及修复情况调查分析

目的调查老年人牙齿缺失、修复状况、义齿质量和基牙情况。方法由固定的2位医生,统一标准,对门诊986例老年患者进行问卷调查。结果缺牙率为93.5%。女性组缺牙率(95.6%)与男性组(92.0%)有显著性差异(P<0.05)。缺牙修复率为60.3%。修复率与年龄成正相关。覆盖义齿的根面龋、牙龈炎发病率分别为27.3%和38.4%。结论应提高老年人口腔卫生与保健意识,修复设计应符合老年人缺牙特点。     

上海市嘉定区65~74岁老年人群牙列缺损及修复现状调查

目的: 调查上海市嘉定区65~74岁老年人群的牙列缺损、缺失情况和修复需求,为政府的口腔保健项目提供依据。方法: 对上海市嘉定区嘉定镇、安亭镇、南翔镇65~74岁老年人进行整群抽样,抽取3260人进行一般情况与口内情况调查,从牙列缺损、缺失人群中随机抽取824人,采用EpiData 3.1软件对修复需求、未修复原因和口腔修复知识进行描述性统计分析。结果: 上海市嘉定区65~74岁老年人有80.4%牙列缺损,4.8%牙列缺失。牙列缺损的修复率为60.8%,牙列缺失的修复率为91.0%。其中28.0%为固定修复,39.5%为活动修复,24.4%为固定+活动修复,8.2%为全口义齿修复。牙缺失和修复情况无性别差异（P>0.05）。未修复的首要原因为价格过高,占32%;其余依次为医院挂号困难（24%）、担心拔牙疼痛及并发症（20%）、行动不便（10%）。关于修复需求,29.7%需要种植牙,64.8%需要烤瓷牙;43.2%选择医院就诊,51.0%选择私人门诊;25.5%选择费用自付,42.2%希望部分减免费用,32.3%希望全部免费。绝大多数老年人口腔修复知识匮乏,仅有18.2%得分在3分以上,15.5%得分为0~3分,66.3%得分为0分以下。结论: 上海市嘉定区老年人缺牙和修复情况面临严重挑战,老年人口腔修复知识匮乏,需要政府加大口腔保健科普教育,投入资金,改善缺牙修复状况,提高老年人的口腔保健水平。     

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Health: Assessment of Tooth Loss and Edentulism

Objective : The oral health of an adult population previously diagnosed with juvenile onset insulin dependent-diabetes was comprehensively assessed. The goal of this exploratory cross-sectional evaluation was to describe the characteristics related to partial tooth loss and edentulism in subjects with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods : An adult population of 406 Type 1 diabetes mellitus subjects, who had been monitored for 6–8 years as part of a University of Pittsburgh longitudinal study of medical complications associated with diabetes, received an oral health examination for missing teeth, edentulism, coronal and root caries, periodontal status, and oral health behaviors. Results : Of the 406 subjects evaluated, 204 had no missing teeth, 186 had partial tooth loss (1–27 missing teeth), and 16 were edentulous. Patients who had partial tooth loss or who were edentulous were generally older; had lower incomes and levels of education; and had higher rates of nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and peripheral vascular disease. A logistic regression model found partial tooth loss to be significantly associated with extensive periodontal disease in remaining teeth (OR=7.35), a duration of diabetes longer than 24 years (OR=5.32), not using dental floss (OR=2.37), diabetic neuropathy (OR=2.29), household income less than $20,000 (OR=2.21), multiple coronal caries and fillings (OR=1.98), and bleeding on probing (OR=1.82). Conclusion : Although the majority of these adult Type 1 diabetes patients had serious medical complications associated with their diabetes, the possible impact of diabetes mellitus on oral health should be included in their overall management.     

Perceptions of oral health: the South African Demographic and Health Survey of 1998.

Oral diseases are widespread in South Africa and affect large numbers of people in terms of pain, tooth loss, disfigurement, loss of function and even death. The majority of South Africans have no access to private services and are dependent on the government for oral health care services, but less than 10% of the population utilises public oral health services. This underutilisation is due to limited resources and inaccessibility. This article reports on the data collected on adults, 15 years and older, from the South African Demographic and Health Survey carried out in 1998, relating to perceptions of oral health. The questions dealt with oral health problems, utilisation of oral health services, loss of natural teeth, oral health practices and knowledge of water fluoridation. The results are discussed in terms of age, gender, education, place of residence, province and classification according to the previous population registration act. A high proportion (36%) of people had experienced oral health problems. Teeth problems were most commonly reported in the higher age groups, non-urban areas, Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Free State, people with little education and those classified as non-urban Africans. Significant differences were found in regard to periodontal disease, tooth loss, knowledge of fluoride between groups according to age, geographic location, race and level of education. 62% of the respondents reported that they had lost some of their natural teeth and in some communities almost a third of the respondents were edentulous. In comparing the goals of the current draft national oral health policy with the findings of this survey the following implications for policy development should be noted: A higher priority needs to be given to oral health issues; Improve access by increasing primary health care facilities through the delivery of oral health care services; The high prevalence of hepatitis and HIV/AIDS infection poses a higher risk to oral health personnel and the public and The successful implementation of water fluoridation depends upon public knowledge, understanding and support.     

上海市老年人牙缺失、义齿修复与口腔健康相关生命质量的现状研究

目的：以Eichner分类法代表牙缺失状况,研究上海市老年人牙缺失、修复情况及口腔健康相关生命质量的现状,同时探讨生命质量与牙缺失、义齿修复与否的相关性。方法：以65~74岁年龄组为研究对象,采用多阶段分层抽样方法抽取747名受试者纳入研究。使用第四次全国口腔流行病学调查的检查方法及问卷,收集受试者的缺牙状况、生命质量等数据。采用SPSS 19.0软件包进行非参数检验、二元logistic回归分析等。结果：79.1%的受试者存在牙缺失,35%的受试者未曾接受义齿修复。Eichner分组后,仅A1、A2和C3组受试者的老年口腔健康评价指数（general oral health assessment index,GOHAI）得分高于平均分,B组得分最低。GOHAI得分与受试者修复与否,全身健康状况及Eichner分组有显著相关性（P<0.05）。Eichner分组中,除C2组因样本量原因出现偏差外,其余Eichner组中,未修复受试者的GOHAI得分均低于已修复受试者。而在有缺牙未修复的人群中,81.2%的受试者认为自己牙没有问题或牙病不重。结论：上海市65~74岁老年人中牙缺失问题严重,但进行义齿修复的老人少。老年人的口腔健康相关生命质量与牙缺失状况、义齿修复与否及全身健康相关。应加强对缺牙老年人的口腔健康宣教,及时修复缺失牙,提高老年人的生命质量。     

Cigarette Smoking,Tooth Loss,and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Findings From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Background: Cigarette smoking and tooth loss are seldom considered concurrently as determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study examines the multiplicative effect of self‐reported tooth loss and cigarette smoking on COPD among United States adults aged ≥18 years. Methods: Data were taken from the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 439,637). Log‐linear regression–estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) are reported for the interaction of combinations of tooth loss (0, 1 to 5, 6 to 31, or all) and cigarettes smoking status (never, former, or current) with COPD after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, educational attainment, employment, health insurance coverage, dental care utilization, and diabetes. Results: Overall, 45.7% respondents reported having ≥1 teeth removed from tooth decay or gum disease, 18.9% reported being current cigarette smokers, and 6.3% reported having COPD. Smoking and tooth loss from tooth decay or gum disease were associated with an increased likelihood of COPD. Compared with never smokers with no teeth removed, all combinations of smoking status categories and tooth loss had a higher likelihood of COPD, with adjusted PRs ranging from 1.5 (never smoker with 1 to 5 teeth removed) to 6.5 (current smoker with all teeth removed) (all P <0.05). Conclusions: Tooth loss status significantly modifies the association between cigarette smoking and COPD. An increased understanding of causal mechanisms linking cigarette smoking, oral health, and COPD, particularly the role of tooth loss, infection, and subsequent inflammation, is essential to reduce the burden of COPD. Health providers should counsel their patients about cigarette smoking, preventive dental care, and COPD risk.     

Tooth loss, denture wearing and oral health-related quality of life in elderly Chinese people

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between tooth loss, denture wearing and oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) among community-dwelling elderly people in Hong Kong. METHODS: A questionnaire study of elderly people aged 60-80 years who were recruited at neighborhood social centres for the elderly. The Chinese version of the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) was used and information about natural tooth number and denture wearing were obtained. RESULTS: 233 elderly subjects were recruited and interviewed. Around 20% of the partially dentate subjects had their last tooth loss within the previous year and a quarter within the last five years. Significantly fewer edentulous subjects had their last tooth loss within the previous year (3%) and within the last five years (12%, p < 0.001). Twenty two percent of the subjects had difficulty in accepting tooth loss. More edentulous subjects (69%) were satisfied with their dentures than partially dentate denture wearers (37%, p < 0.001). Edentulous elderly subjects had a higher mean GOHAI score (53.0) than partially dentate denture wearers (49.1, p < 0.001). Results from a multiple factor ANOVA revealed that elderly subjects who had loose teeth, difficulty in accepting tooth loss and were not satisfied with their removable dentures had a lower mean GOHAI score. CONCLUSIONS: In general, tooth loss and denture wearing did not have a major impact on OHQoL in elderly Chinese people. However, partially dentate denture wearers experienced a greater adverse impact on OHQoL than edentulous subjects most probably due to less satisfaction with their dentures and discomfort associated with loose teeth.     

上海地区25～35岁青年人口腔状况的调查与分析

目的 对上海地区25～35岁青年人的口腔健康状况进行调查,研究上海地区25～35岁青年人群的口腔状况。方法 选取2008年1月1日—2008年12月31日来院体检的上海地区的25～35岁的青年人共10 880例,其中男6 433例,女4 447例,根据WHO口腔健康调查表,并联系实际情况,制定适合的口腔健康统计表,对牙龈炎、牙齿缺失情况、龋病、阻生齿情况、残根残冠情况以及楔状缺损型情况等常见口腔疾病进行统计分析。结果 各种不同口腔常见疾病在青年人群中,均有不同程度的患病情况。结论 上海地区的青年人的口腔健康状况并不乐观,尤其女性,需要加强口腔保健知识普及。     

Diabetes and Tooth Loss: An analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2004

BackgroundThe authors conducted an analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to understand the association between diabetes and tooth loss in the United States.MethodsThe authors analyzed the oral examination and self-reported diabetes data obtained from the NHANES 2003–2004 cycle and included 2,508 participants representing a civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population 50 years and older. The authors calculated the prevalence of edentulism and the number of missing teeth among dentate people, and they used multiple regression analyses to assess the association between diabetes and tooth loss.ResultsThe prevalence of edentulism was 28 percent and 14 percent among people with and without diabetes, respectively. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that people with diabetes were more likely to be edentulous than were those without diabetes (adjusted odds ratio = 2.25; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.19–4.21). Among dentate adults, those with diabetes had a higher number of missing teeth than did adults without diabetes (mean [standard error {SE}] = 9.8 [0.67]), mean [SE] = 6.7 [0.29]); P < .01).ConclusionsThese study results revealed that adults with diabetes are at higher risk of experiencing tooth loss and edentulism than are adults without diabetes. One of every five cases of edentulism in the United States is linked to diabetes.Practical ImplicationsAlthough the association between diabetes and periodontal disease is well established, health care professionals also need to recognize the risk of tooth loss and its effect on quality of life among people with diabetes.