城市园林植物配置的生态方法

简述园林植物的概念、作用和生态学原理。通过论述园林植物的配置方式与城市生态环境之间的关系,分析了厦门城市园林植物配置的现状,并阐明了园林植物配置的生态方法。     

厦门地区冬季观果与观花植物及其园林应用分析

通过实地调查,对厦门地区冬季观果和观花园林植物进行统计,分析其生活型、观赏特征、色彩和应用频度。结果表明,厦门冬季具有观赏价值的观果植物有20科22属25种(含种下等级),观花植物有33科51属63种(含种下等级)。厦门冬季观果植物以常绿乔木、灌木为主,果色以红色系为主,高应用频率的观果植物优势不明显;观花植物以乔木为主,花色以红色系、黄色系为主,高应用频率的观花植物优势明显,开花呈衬式花相的种类占多数。厦门冬季观果与观花植物资源较为丰富,但冬季表现较好的观果种类较少,而一些表现较好的植物未普遍应用,植物景观营造不合理,针对此问题提出改善厦门冬季植物配置的建议。     

闽台远古人类渊源关系

闽台远古人类渊源关系孙英龙前不久，笔者赴台考察访问时达两月，先后参观了台南县菜寮化石馆、台南民族文物馆、奇美艺术馆、台中自然科学博物馆和台北故宫博物院等。就所见所闻，深深感到自远古起，闽台就有密切的关系，人类的同根同源是毋用置疑的。近些年随着台湾和大...     

福建厦门地区棕榈科植物资源及其园林应用

调查了厦门地区棕榈科植物资源状况及其绿化应用,并结合多年来对厦门市园林植物园棕榈植物保育中心内棕榈科植物的物候期观察,选出适合厦门地区推广应用的棕榈科植物104种,同时对厦门地区棕榈科植物应用的种类、数量、分布以及应用频度等进行统计分析。     

厦门地区农林作物白蚁的发生及防治

对厦门地区农林作物的白蚁为害情况进行调查,将采集的白蚁标本作了鉴定和整理,得出厦门地区农林作物白蚁名录;并通过林地防治试验,选定了3种效果较好的防治方法。     

更新世台湾海峡两岸植物区系迁移的通道

台湾原为大陆的一部分,以后由于断隐而形成台湾海峡。台湾海峡两岩植物区系关系密切,植物区系相互迁移分布,闽台陆桥是台湾海峡最浅的部分,在更新世冰期,由于海退,陆桥曾４次较长时间露出水面,成为台湾海峡两岸植物区系迁移分布的通道,使得两岸植物的迁移分布得以进行。     

更新世台湾海峡两岸植物区系迁移的通道

台湾原为大陆的一部分，以后由于断陷而形成台湾海峡。台湾海峡两岸植物区系关系密切，植物区系相互迁移分布，闽台陆桥是台湾海峡最浅的部分，在更新世冰期，由于海退，陆桥曾4次较长时间露出水面，成为台湾海峡两岸植物区系迁移分布的通道，使得两岸植物的迁移分布得以进行。     

厦门地区的有害外来植物

本文较系统地报道厦门地区有害外来植物30科53属63种,指出其原产地和生活型,分析其为害对象和危害程度,重点介绍其中对厦门地区危害较大的12种,并提出预防和控制有害外来植物的设想和方法。     

广西园林植物应用现状调查及分析

随着经济的发展和人们对环境美学要求的提高,园林植物的开发利用越来越受到重视。通过对广西主要大城市南宁、柳州、桂林等地区的园林植物进行实地调查,结果表明,广西区内常用园林植物有809种(包括变种、变型、栽培变种),隶属于150科450属,其中乡土植物315种,占常用园林植物的38.94%;外来物种494种,占常用园林植物的61.06%。其中,乔木283种,草本253种。在150个科中,棕榈科的植物种类最多,有43种,其次是木兰科,有33种。而柠檬桉、桂花、大王椰子等种类,因应用范围广、用量大而在广西园林中占有相当重要的地位。园林用途分类结果表明,用于城市道路绿化的植物有502种;用于公园、广场、街头绿地绿化的植物有494种,其中造景植物用了428种。     

《园林植物病虫害防治原色图谱》

由徐公天先生主编、全国 1 1 5名园林植保工作者共同参与编写的《园林植物病虫害防治原色图谱》一书于 2 0 0 3年 1月由中国农业出版社出版。由观赏树木、花卉、草坪病虫害组成的园林植物有害生物 ,其种类之丰富程度以及对人居环境之直接影响可于农、林业病虫害等同。随着苗木调运的频繁和国外植物的引入 ,许多危险性病虫害不断侵入我国和传入新的地区 ,影响绿化成果的巩固。《园林植物病虫害防治原色图谱》涵盖全国 ,列入了重要园林植物病虫害 62 9种 ,采用近1 3 0 0幅原色生态照片 ,生物学特性多为第一手资料 ,特别是危险性病害和蚧虫、蛀…     

广州地区3种睡莲花开放的日变化规律分析

为了解睡莲属(Nymphaea)植物开花的日变化规律,以广州华南农业大学湿地公园的睡莲属植物为对象进行观察和分析。结果显示,晚上开花类的热带睡莲,其日变化是花朵于晚上开放并持续至第二天上午,白天开花类的热带睡莲和耐寒睡莲,其开放时间为白昼,开放时间因种类不同而有所差异。白天开花的热带睡莲‘独立’(Nymphaea‘Independence’)和耐寒睡莲‘科罗拉多’(Nymphaea‘Colorado’)单朵花期3~4 d,耐寒睡莲墨西哥黄睡莲(N.mexicana)单朵花期2 d,雌雄蕊先后成熟以达到异花授粉的目的,单朵睡莲开放期间雄蕊群呈现不同形态。‘独立’睡莲呈现日出而开,日落则合的开花生物钟,10月至12月,光照时间缩短导致‘独立’睡莲开闭节律缩短。观察结果可为园林水景中睡莲属植物配置提供准确的数据支持。     

两个菜用枸杞品种的生长特性及品质分析

对两个菜用枸杞品种的主要生长特性、营养成分及食用性研究表明,大叶品种嫩芽平均产量显著高于小叶品种;大叶品种较耐高温,小叶品种较耐低温;生产上可进行大、小叶品种搭配种植,能有效提早和延长采收期,从而提高单位面积产量和经济效益。此外,小叶品种嫩芽的蛋白质、VitC含量高于大叶品种。两个品种风味各具特色,其适宜的消费群体亦有所差异。     

Effects of low light stress on rubisco activity and the ultrastructure of chloroplast in functional leaves of peanut

Aims In recent years, intercropping system has become one of the major practice of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivation in northern China because of the high land and energy utilization efficiency, to some extent compensating for the production loss caused by decreasing area of cultivation land. Intercropped peanut plants often have a lower pod yield compared with monoculture due to constraint on light availability. This study was conducted to explore the shade-tolerance mechanism in two peanut cultivars, ‘Huayu 22’ and ‘Baisha 1016’, that grew in an intercropping system, by studying chloroplast ultrastructure and rubisco activity under different levels of shading.
Methods A field experiment was conducted with three levels of light treatments, including full natural light (CK), 50% natural light indensity (NLI), and 15% NLI. The ‘Huayu 22’ was used as a shade-tolerant cultivar and the ‘Baisha 1016’ as a shade-susceptible cultivar based on previous studies. Experimental plants of both cultivars were shaded for 40 days from emergency in 2006. Rubisco activity, the number and shapes of chloroplasts and starch grains, and number of grana and granum lamella were investigated in functional leaves of plants in all treatments.
Important findings The functional leaves of peanut plants in the 50% and 15% NLI treatments had a lower rubisco activity than those in the CK treatment. In the ‘Baisha 1016’, the reduction in rubisco activity was 40.1% in the 50% NLI treatment and 59.4% in the 15% NLI treatment, respectively, compared to the CK treatment;whereas no significant differences were found among treatments in the ‘Huayu 22’ in the rubisco activity. Compared with the CK, the number of chloroplasts remained unchanged, the number of grana and lamella in grana increased, and the individual chloroplast was longer and in perfect development in the functional leaves of plants of the ‘Huayu 22’ grown in the 50% NLI treatment. In contrast, the number of chloroplasts, grana and starch grains of the ‘Huayu 22’ plants decreased significantly, the chloroplast membrane and grana lamella were damaged, the number of granum lamella increased, and the individual chloroplast became longer in the 15% NLI treatment. The number and ultrastructure of chloroplasts in the ‘Baisha 1016’ plants followed similar patterns of changes as those of the ‘Huayu 22’ in the 50% NLI treatment. For plants of the ‘Baisha 1016’ in the 15% NLI treatment, their chloroplasts became more roundly shaped, with decreasing number of grana lamella and increasing number of starch grains, compared with the CK. There were a greater decrease in the grana number and more damage in the grana lamella in plants of the ‘Baisha 1016’ than those of the ‘Huayu 22’. In conclusion, the shade tolerance of the ‘Huayu 22’ resulted from lack of changes in rubisco activity and less damage in the ultrastructure of chloroplasts when under low light stress compared with the ‘Baisha 1016’.     

厦门地区屋顶花园植物的选择与配置

本文分析了屋顶花园在城市绿化中的作用,探讨了厦门地区屋顶花园植物选择的原则和配置的方式,并介绍了这一地区常见的可作为屋顶花园的植物及其生态习性和用途。     

百花山野生花卉资源及园林应用

百花山野生花分资源丰富,有华北“天然植物园”之称。分析了百花山的植被状况,野生花卉的特点及园林应用,重点介绍了浅裂剪秋罗、金莲花、瞿麦、高乌头、翠雀、华北楼斗莱等20种观赏价值高的野生花卉资源特征、分布及其在园林中的应用,井介绍了4种野生花卉的繁育技术。以期引起园林工作者对野生花卉的重视,用野生花丰富园林植物的种类。     

Dai People’s Botanical Knowledge: Nomenclature Meaning and Classification

After analysis, statistics and conclude 1175 species (variety) of plants,1370 Dai names and 1691 meanings were obtained to elucidate how the Dai people recognize and define the plant. They used ‘hong e bin’, which means‘the things with life come out from the ground’ to define the plant. This is similar to the modern science which defined the plant as ‘anything that grows from the ground’. This is a highly synthesized scientific term that seldom seen in many other ethnics in the world. In their method of naming plants, they used the types of plant life form and economic type for ‘generic’ names, and used the meanings of plant morphogenesis and characters, economic uses, ecological distribution, and stories and legends etc. for ‘specific’ names. Among the 1691 meanings, they are occupied 60%, 30%, 8% and 2% respectively. This reflected that the naming method of Dai for plant ‘Just see what′s looking alike on naming them’ is similar to Linnaeus′ bi nomenclature of the modern botanical taxonomy. Moreover, the folk plant classification system based on the structure of Dai names is then established, including 5 categories as plant kingdom, tow ‘families’ of wild or cultivated plant, about 20 ‘genera’ of life forms and economic types, and more than 3000 species and over 1000 varieties, by the ‘two names’ in the paper as well.     

Francis Masson: Collecting Plants for King and Country

Summary. This article gives a biographical sketch of Francis Masson (1741–1805) and his 18th century explorations collecting plants for George III's blossoming botanic garden at Kew.     

厦门园林草坪和地被植物初探

本文介绍园林草坪和地被植物的基本概念和作用,从生态学的角度探讨草坪和地被植物的类型及用途,并报道了厦门地区可以利用的野生和栽培的草坪和地被植物资源。     

Evolution of dispersal traits along an invasion route in the wind‐dispersed Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae)

In introduced organisms, dispersal propensity is expected to increase during range expansion. This prediction is based on the assumption that phenotypic plasticity is low compared to genetic diversity, and an increase in dispersal can be counteracted by the Allee effect. Empirical evidence in support of these hypotheses is however lacking. The present study tested for evidence of differentiation in dispersal‐related traits and the Allee effect in the wind‐dispersed invasive Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae). We collected capitula from individuals in ten field populations, along an invasion route including the original introduction site in southern France. In addition, we conducted a common garden experiment from field‐collected seeds and obtained capitula from individuals representing the same ten field populations. We analysed phenotypic variation in dispersal traits between field and common garden environments as a function of the distance between populations and the introduction site. Our results revealed low levels of phenotypic differentiation among populations. However, significant clinal variation in dispersal traits was demonstrated in common garden plants representing the invasion route. In field populations, similar trends in dispersal‐related traits and evidence of an Allee effect were not detected. In part, our results supported expectations of increased dispersal capacity with range expansion, and emphasized the contribution of phenotypic plasticity under natural conditions.     

石蒜属植物的研究进展(综述)

对石蒜属植物的资源分布、化学成分及其提取分离、药理作用、引种驯化、生态效益、园林应用等方面的研究和利用现状进行综述,并对其资源开发与可持续利用提出建议。