Ce3+对Cu2+胁迫下菹草叶片Cu毒害的缓解效应研究

在6种不同浓度的铈(C e3 )对0.1 m g.L-1的Cu2 毒害下,研究了菹草叶片中保护酶SOD、POD、CAT的活性,活性氧H2O2,膜脂过氧化产物M DA含量及叶绿素含量等的变化及影响.结果表明,在9~12 d之内,7.5 m g.L-1以下的C e3 可以增强SOD、CAT、POD活性,降低M DA的含量,提高叶片中叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量,从而减轻Cu2 对菹草植物体的伤害.而随着C e3 作用时间的延长和浓度的增大,C e3 的缓解作用不断减弱,C e3 和Cu2 产生协同效应,加重毒害.本实验结果认为,5~7.5 m g.L-1的C e3 缓解菹草叶片Cu2 毒害效果最好.     

外源一氧化氮供体SNP对黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

采用水培试验,研究了不同浓度NO供体硝普钠(SNP)对黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:50和100μmol.L-1SNP促进了黑麦草种子的发芽率、幼苗干物质积累速率、萌发种子α-淀粉酶活性、幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白质及叶绿素含量的提高。根和叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、抗坏血酸(ASC)含量增加,超氧阴离子(O.2-)积累速率和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量下降,丙二醛(MDA)积累降低。高浓度SNP(500~2000μmol.L-1)抑制种子的萌发和幼苗生长,幼苗叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质及GSH、ASC含量下降,MDA含量和H2O2、O.2-产生速率提高,SOD、POD和APX活性降低,但叶片CAT活性升高。推测NO可能通过提高种子淀粉酶活性和幼苗活性氧清除能力,促进黑麦草种子的萌发和幼苗生长。     

外源脯氨酸(Pro)对茶菱抗Cd2+ 胁迫能力的影响

以高等水生植物茶菱(Trapella sinensis Olive)为材料,研究了外施不同浓度的脯氨酸(Pro)对Cd2 毒害的缓解效应。结果表明,茶菱体内Pro含量在单一Cd2 毒害下明显增加,外施Pro后,显著降低;叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量在单一Cd2 毒害下大幅下降,外施Pro后,失绿症状有所减轻;保护酶(SOD、CAT、POD)系统在单一Cd2 毒害下比例失调,平衡被打破,活性下降,外施Pro后,SOD、POD活性较对照升高,CAT持平,其比例维持在正常范围内;O_2~_产生速率在单一Cd2 毒害下大大加快,外施Pro后,其产生速率恢复正常水平;丙二醛(MDA)含量在单一Cd2 毒害下积累加剧,外施Pro后,积累程度有所降低。因此,外源Pro可以通过减轻叶绿素和可溶性蛋白的降解,促进蛋白合成,减缓MDA积累,降低O_2~_产生速率,增强保护酶活性来增强植物对重金属胁迫的抗性,增强植物对逆境的适应能力。本实验中Pro作用的最佳浓度范围为40~60mg·L-1。     

外源γ-氨基丁酸对低氧胁迫下甜瓜幼苗活性氧代谢的影响

以甜瓜品种‘西域一号’幼苗为材料,采用营养液水培方法,设置正常通气(对照)、正常通气+GABA(5mmol.L-1)、低氧胁迫、低氧胁迫+GABA(5mmol.L-1)4个处理,研究了外源γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对正常通气和低氧胁迫下甜瓜幼苗活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明:与正常通气处理相比,低氧胁迫处理导致甜瓜幼苗体内O2.-产生速率和H2O2、MDA含量显著增加,同时SOD、POD、CAT、APX、GR等抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化物质AsA、GSH含量显著提高。低氧胁迫下外源GABA能显著提高甜瓜幼苗叶片SOD、CAT、APX、GR等酶活性和AsA、GSH含量,降低了植株体内O2.-产生速率和H2O2、MDA含量;而正常通气条件下添加外源GABA处理对甜瓜幼苗活性氧代谢的影响较小,仅CAT、GR活性和AsA、GSH含量显著提高,而H2O2、MDA含量显著降低。结果证明,添加外源GABA可以通过显著提高低氧胁迫下抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化物质含量来降低甜瓜幼苗活性氧积累,维持其细胞膜结构稳定性,从而有效减轻低氧胁迫对甜瓜幼苗的伤害。     

锌对镉胁迫下马蔺生长、镉积累及生理抗性的影响

通过溶液培养研究了不同浓度锌(Zn)对镉(Cd)胁迫下马蔺(Iris lacteavar. chinen-sis)生长、Cd积累及抗氧化酶活性等的影响.结果表明:加入1~100mg.L-1Zn后,Cd胁迫下马蔺地上部Cd含量变化不大,而地下部Cd含量显著增加并呈先增后降的趋势;1mg.L-1Zn处理下马蔺地下部Cd含量最高,比对照显著增加51.4%;Zn浓度高于1mg.L-1后Cd含量均出现不同程度的下降,但仍高于对照.与单独Cd处理(10mg.L-1)相比,添加低浓度Zn(1~10mg.L-1)后,马蔺地上部生物量和叶绿素含量呈增加趋势,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低;在10mg.L-1Zn处理下,叶绿素a、b含量达到峰值,分别增加5.21%和22.27%,MDA含量降低25.46%,表明低浓度Zn缓解了Cd对马蔺的毒害.随Zn浓度的增加,Zn对Cd毒害的缓解作用逐渐降低,当溶液中Zn达到一定浓度(100mg.L-1)时,马蔺毒害加重,其生物量、叶绿素含量均下降,MDA含量显著增加.在试验胁迫浓度范围内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性始终呈增加趋势,表明马蔺在受到Cd胁迫及Cd-Zn共存的条件下SOD和POD起着重要的抗氧化保护作用.     

镉、铜和锌胁迫下黑藻活性氧的产生及抗氧化酶活性的变化研究

研究了不同Cd、Cu、Zn处理浓度对黑藻体内活性氧()产生及对抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性的分子毒理学效应以探讨高等水生植物抗氧化酶对重金属胁迫的反应。结果表明,三种重金属都不同程度地加快了产生速率;Cu使SOD、POD、CAT活性下降;Cd也都减弱了SOD和POD活性,而CAT活性在0.5—5mg/L处理浓度时增加;Zn对SOD活性也为抑制作用,当浓度为0.5—5mg/L时POD和CAT活性都上升。关联度分析发现Cd、Cu和Zn胁迫下黑藻起主要保护作用的分别为SOD、POD和CAT,而SOD最易受到影响。Cd、Cu处理下的叶绿素含量也都呈下降趋势,而0.5—5mg/L的Zn浓度刺激了叶绿素合成。所有Zn处理、0.5mg/L的Cu处理和0.5—1mg/L的Cd处理的叶绿素a/b值都大于对照值。除了Cu使可溶性蛋白含量减少外,0.5—5mg/L的Zn和0.5—1mg/L的Cd都使其含量增加。综合起来,Cu的毒性最强,其次为Cd,Zn最弱。致死阈浓度分别为:Cu:0.5—1mg/L;Cd:1—2mg/L;Zn:5—6mg/L。SOD是评价重金属对沉水植物毒性效应的灵敏指标。黑藻对水环境Cu污染反应敏感。       

美人蕉(Canna indica Linn)镉胁迫的抗氧化机理

采用水培的方式,探讨了不同Cd2+水平(0、1、2.5、7.5、15 mg·L-1)对美人蕉生物量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、植物螯合肽(PCs)、酸溶性SH、Cd含量的影响.结果表明,1 mg·L-1的Cd显著提高了美人蕉的生物量(p<0.05),促进了美人蕉的生长.随着Cd2+浓度的提高,SOD、 POD、CAT活性以及MDA含量显著增加(p<0.05),表明美人蕉受到了活性氧物质的胁迫.美人蕉中GSH、PCs、SH含量也随Cd2+含量的增加而增加,表明Cd胁迫诱导了PCs 的产生,有利于降低Cd对植物体本身的毒害,且根系中的含量均高于叶片.美人蕉中Cd含量随着Cd浓度的增加而显著增加,在15 mg·L-1处理时,地上部Cd含量达到555.4 mg·kg-1,表明美人蕉对Cd有较强的富集能力.     

外源抗坏血酸对镉胁迫下黑藻抗氧化系统的保护作用

研究了不同浓度抗坏血酸(ascorbic acid,AsA)对5 mg·L^-1Cd²⁺胁迫下黑藻（Hydrilla verticillata）体内超氧阴离子(O₂^-)产生速率、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)含量、抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、超氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性的影响.结果表明,与单一Cd²⁺胁迫相比,随着外源AsA浓度的升高,黑藻体内活性氧生成速率逐步降低;抗氧化物质AsA先升后降,GSH缓慢升高;抗氧化酶APX和CAT活性先升后降,POD活性逐步下降,并接近正常状态,对SOD活性影响不大.可见AsA能够有效缓解Cd²⁺对黑藻的毒害,且60 mg·L^-1浓度下的缓解效果最好.     

外源硫化氢对豌豆根尖及其边缘细胞的影响

为研究外源硫化氢（H2S）对豌豆（Pisum sativum）胚根生理特性及其边缘细胞的影响,测定了不同浓度外源H2S处理下豌豆根长、根尖组织可溶性蛋白质含量、抗氧化酶（APX、CAT、POD和SOD）活性、根尖边缘细胞存活率及其粘胶层相对面积的变化。结果表明：低浓度（0-40μmol·L-1）H2S可促进豌豆胚根生长,根尖组织可溶性蛋白质含量升高,SOD、APX和POD活性增加,CAT活性降低,根尖边缘细胞存活率上升,粘胶层相对面积变小。高浓度（60-80μmol·L-1）H2S可抑制豌豆胚根生长,可溶性蛋白质含量和边缘细胞存活率明显下降,APX和POD活性降低,CAT活性升高,SOD活性没有明显变化,粘胶层相对面积变大;边缘细胞染色体凝集并边缘化,然后逐渐降解并伴随粉末化,细胞质膜皱缩。因此,推测H2S可能在植物体内发挥着重要的生理作用。     

外源硫化氢对豌豆根尖及其边缘细胞的影响

为研究外源硫化氢(H2S)对豌豆(Pisum sativum)胚根生理特性及其边缘细胞的影响,测定了不同浓度外源H2S处理下豌豆根长、根尖组织可溶性蛋白质含量、抗氧化酶(APX、CAT、POD和SOD)活性、根尖边缘细胞存活率及其粘胶层相对面积的变化。结果表明:低浓度(0-40μmol·L-1)H2S可促进豌豆胚根生长,根尖组织可溶性蛋白质含量升高,SOD、APX和POD活性增加,CAT活性降低,根尖边缘细胞存活率上升,粘胶层相对面积变小。高浓度(60-80μmol·L-1)H2S可抑制豌豆胚根生长,可溶性蛋白质含量和边缘细胞存活率明显下降,APX和POD活性降低,CAT活性升高,SOD活性没有明显变化,粘胶层相对面积变大;边缘细胞染色体凝集并边缘化,然后逐渐降解并伴随粉末化,细胞质膜皱缩。因此,推测H2S可能在植物体内发挥着重要的生理作用。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细