同心筒发射燃气流二次燃烧数值研究及导流板结构改进

针对同心筒热发射燃气射流二次燃烧冲击效应问题,采用3阶精度的MUSCL格式求解11组分12步基元化学反应动力学模型,弹体运动运用域动分层网格更新方法,数值模拟了同心筒发射H₂/CO混合燃气流场。在燃气自由射流二次燃烧数值模拟结果与文献实验数据对比验证的基础上,分析了同心筒发射燃气流含化学反应的流动特点,以及在导弹出筒时筒口导流板结构对弹体的影响。数值结果表明：在筒外燃气与空气混合区域出现明显的二次燃烧,而在筒内二次燃烧几乎可以忽略;当弹底出筒后,从内外筒间隙排除的燃气、导弹尾部燃气射流和弹底之间相互干扰,形成反溅激波;反应流流场轴线温度高于冻结流和单一组分流流场轴线温度;导流板结构能明显降低弹体表面温度,其高度最优值在1.5倍内外筒间隙附近。研究结果对同心筒发射装置结构优化设计具有一定理论参考意义。     

筒口流场及其对发动机水下点火影响的数值模拟

研究了导弹水下发射时筒口流场特性,并就筒口流场对发动机水下点火初期的影响进行了分析。采用Mixture多相流模型和RNG湍流模型以及动网格技术,求解了不同工况下二维轴对称筒口流场及发动机喷流流场。计算结果表明,水深越大,筒口气泡断裂越早;燃气发生器熄火时,弹底离筒口越远,气泡断裂对发动机影响越小;燃气发生器延迟熄火,有利于发动机喷流的建立。     

同心发射筒内燃气流温度场的数值模拟

针对舰载导弹同心筒发射装置，建立了燃气流与发射筒间的换热模型。建模中考虑了发射筒结构的复杂性，燃气流的高温、高速等特点。以及筒内燃气流场流动与换热的强耦合性。通过对筒内燃气流场的全流场非稳态的数值模拟，得到了同心简内外筒壁面温度的分布规律。     

同心筒式发射时筒内流场机理及内外筒间隙的影响

战术导弹同心筒发射装置（concentric canister launcher，CCL）是舰载导弹新一代垂直发射装置．其内外筒间隙、导弹发动机喷口与筒底的距离、导流锥的高度与型面半径、底板的形状与尺寸等参数都会对筒内流场产生影响．针对内外筒同隙这一影响流场的关键结构参数，利用先进的大型流体力学软件Fluent对不同间隙时的筒内超声速流场进行了三维数值模拟，并对流场的流动机理及参数分布进行了分析，给出了研究结论，为工程设计提供了理论依据．     

潜射导弹筒口气泡发展规律研究

燃气-蒸汽弹射过程中,导弹尾部离筒后的强烈水气交互作用形成的筒口气泡对导弹运动有一定的影响。利用动网格技术和MIXTURE模型对导弹弹射出筒后筒口气泡的发展情况进行了研究,探究了筒口气泡扩张、收缩和拉断的一系列过程,比较了泡内不同位置的压力变化和压力传递过程,指出了气泡形态跟泡内压力呈负相关的关系。仿真结果可用于工程预报。     

潜射导弹水下近筒口点火数值模拟研究

采用Mixtrue多相流模型和RNG k-ε湍流模型并结合动网格技术,通过求解非定常雷诺平均N-S方程,对潜射导弹筒口燃气泡内点火的复杂多相流问题进行了二维轴对称数值模拟。计算结果表明,在发动机点火工作前,筒口气泡不会收缩断裂;发动机点火工作后,燃气射流也未出现"断裂"和"回击"。模拟结果表明,潜射导弹发动机在筒口燃气泡内点火有利于发动机的稳定工作,可为潜射导弹水下发射与水下点火方式的研究提供参考。     

同心筒发射装置导弹燃气流热效应数值模拟

针对某型舰载导弹同心筒发射装置，采用动态网格技术。建立了导弹发射过程中燃气流与发射筒之间的流固耦合换热模型。模型中考虑了导弹在发射筒内运动引起的燃气流场边界的变化。通过对燃气流非稳态传热的数值模拟，得到了发射筒内燃气流及筒壁的温度分布规律，为发射筒的热强度设计提供依据。     

新型车载同心筒复燃机理与热环境研究

针对新型车载同心筒自力发射系统热环境评估的问题,基于二阶AUSM格式,依托弹性变形和域动分层结合的动网格技术,采用H2-CO-HCL反应体系17步基元反应的化学反应动力学模型,求解了动态的轴对称复燃流场。数值结果表明,导弹启动之前,内筒出现了燃气向上运动的＂引射效应＂,燃气和内筒空气发生复燃现象;导弹启动后期,内筒出现了富氧气体倒吸进入内筒的＂倒吸效应＂,加剧了内外筒的化学反应;化学反应流的温度比单组份流高800K左右。     

同心筒自力发射燃气排导优化设计

文中采用数值模拟的方法，对影响同心筒自力发射排气效果的几个主要因素进行分析．并提出优化设计方案。研究结果表明：合适的内外筒间隙是燃气流排导的关键；利用发射筒底部的内筒收缩段可以有效改善燃气排导效果；采用发射筒头部导流结构可以有效改善抽吸作用对导弹发射环境的影响。     

新型舰载同心筒发射过程流场研究

采用同心筒垂直发射装置,内外筒要保证足够的间隙尺寸用来排导燃气,目前舰载发射均采用通垂方式,势必使得内筒尺寸较小,从而导弹的直径也就较小,不利于发挥弹道导弹的优势.在此基础上提出将传统的外筒设计为一方形结构,在与相同尺寸的通垂架相连接的前提下,增加了内外筒之间燃气排导空间,降低发射过程中导弹表面的温度.计算中使用三维动...     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.     

A Study on the Estimation of Aeroheating upon the Warhead Nose at Supersonic Speed

An expression for estimating the aeroheating on a warhead nose at different supersonic speeds is proposed by incorporating CFD （computational fluid dynamics） and the least-square method. Compared with the traditional estimation formula, the expression is more accurate, convenient and can be used in the optimized design of warheads. The error from the result obtained in the test of a ball cartridge flight is less than 3 %. It satisfies the engineering requirements.