克氏针固定并双侧骨道缝合法治疗锤状指畸形

目的探讨应用单枚克氏针固定并双侧骨道缝合方法治疗锤状指的临床疗效。方法 2011年6月至2014年10月,对23例锤状指患者应用单枚克氏针固定远指间关节,双侧骨道缝合法重建伸指肌腱止点。术后6周拔除克氏针进行功能康复锻炼。结果术后随访4~11个月,平均6个月,其中20例获得随访,3例失访,将患指与健指的远侧指间关节的活动度进行对比,按照TAM系统评定方法进行评定,优12例,良5例,差3例,优良率85.00%。结论应用单枚克氏针固定并行双侧骨道缝合方法治疗锤状指畸形操作简便、固定牢固、经济实用,获得了良好的活动度,是治疗锤状指的有效方法。     

远指间关节过伸角度固定对锤状指疗效的影响

目的 分析远指间关节过伸角度固定对锤状指疗效的影响.方法 2008至2010年收治伸肌终腱止点近端1～3 mm断裂致锤状指34例,随机分成两组.A组克氏针固定远指间关节于0°位,B组克氏针固定远指间关节于过伸5°～15°位;两组均不固定近指间关节,常规缝合肌腱断端.术后6周取出克氏针,经3～6个月功能锻炼后,测量患指远指间关节屈伸角度及活动范围,并进行统计学分析.结果 术后两组患者远指间关节屈、伸角度及活动范围比较差异均无统计学意义.B组6例患者延迟拆线3～5d,9例伤口皮缘表现轻度血运障碍,其中2例出现小范围浅表坏死结痂,1例肌腱再次断裂.结论 锤状指手术时固定远指间关节过伸角度应该以健侧对应手指或相邻手指作为对照,尽量接近中立位,过伸角度不超过5°.     

锤状指手术治疗方法的探讨

目的探讨手外伤后锤状指患者的手术治疗方法及适应证。方法 2017年1月-8月手术治疗外伤所致锤状指25例,其中12例指伸肌腱止点处以远断端残留3 mm,采用4/0尼龙线"8"字缝合;7例指伸肌腱止点处完全断裂合并较小的撕脱骨折块,采用骨锚固定骨折端重建指伸肌腱;6例指伸肌腱止点处完全撕脱断裂合并较大骨折块,采用0.8 mm克氏针固定骨折块重建指伸肌腱。术后均采用支具固定于近指间关节屈曲30°~45°位、远指间关节过伸位6周。结果术后25例均获得随访,随访时间3~10个月,根据TAM评定法及患者恢复情况,采用肌腱直接缝合12例,除1例肌腱再断裂外,11例恢复良好,其中7例远侧指间关节活动度0°~70°,4例0°~60°;骨锚固定患者7例全部恢复良好,且远指间关节活动度0°~70°;克氏针固定6例全部愈合良好,远指间关节活动度0°~70°5例,30°~45°1例。结论根据锤状指的不同损伤类型,可采用不同的手术方法均取得了较好的疗效。     

伸肌腱止点重建治疗锤状指畸形

目的介绍应用重建伸肌腱止点治疗锤状指畸形的方法和疗效。方法对13例锤状指患者,于末节指骨终腱止点处作粗糙面熏取掌长肌腱游离移植。肌腱近端用3/0缝合线重叠缝合,远端用4/0丝线作“8”字缝合后绕行至指端皮肤外打结。远侧指间关节用直径1.0mm克氏针固定过伸位10°～15°,近侧指间关节石膏托固定屈曲位30°～40°。4周后拆除牵引线及外固定进行近侧指间关节及掌指关节功能锻炼,6周后拔除克氏针进行末节屈伸功能锻炼。结果随访2个月～2年,按Dargan功能评定法:优11例,良1例,可1例,优良率92.3%。结论伸肌腱止点重建术是治疗锤状指畸形的有效方法。     

手术治疗新鲜无骨折锤状指46例

目的探讨手术治疗新鲜无骨折锤状指的方法及疗效。方法远节背侧"H"形切口,远节指间关节背伸位克氏针固定,5-0无损伤线缝合修复断裂肌腱及皮肤切口,术后近侧指间关节屈曲位30～40°、远节背伸位石膏托固定。结果 46例均得到随访,时间6～8个月。根据TAM评分:优36例,良8例,差2例,优良率为95.65%。结论手术治疗无骨折锤状指,可取得良好疗效。     

克氏针固定抽出钢丝法联合微型带线锚钉治疗骨性锤状指

目的探讨克氏针斜穿固定远端指间关节,抽出钢丝法固定撕脱骨折块,微型带线锚钉重建伸肌腱止点联合治疗骨性锤状指的临床应用。方法自2013-09—2014-12对15例骨性锤状指采用克氏针斜穿固定远端指间关节,抽出钢丝法固定撕脱骨折块,微型带线锚钉重建伸肌腱止点。结果 15例术后均获得随访3~12个月,平均5个月。患指远端指间关节屈伸活动度:0°~70°4例,0°~60°8例,0°~55°2例,0°~30°1例。13例骨折骨性愈合,愈合时间平均3个月,其中2例背侧移位畸形愈合。2例术后骨折块移位,骨折不愈合。术后远端指间关节功能按Crawford功能评定方法评定:优8例,良5例,可2例。结论克氏针斜穿固定远端指间关节,抽出钢丝法固定撕脱骨折块,微型带线锚钉重建伸肌腱止点联合治疗骨性锤状指可达到坚强固定,术后远端指间关节功能恢复满意,疗效可靠。     

陈旧性腱性锤状指的显微外科手术治疗

[目的]探讨应用显微外科技术手术治疗陈旧性腱性锤状指的方法.[方法]对13例陈旧性腱性锤状指在放大3～4倍的手术显微镜下施术,显露伸指肌腱,用1枚直径1 mm克氏针固定远侧指间关节(DIP)于过伸10°～20°位,保留肌腱的瘢痕组织,切断松弛的伸指肌腱,在无张力的情况下,用7/0无创缝合线将近端位于背侧与用远段重叠缝合,使近侧伸肌腱末端与末节指骨靠拢贴紧改建肌腱止点.术后用铝板保持DIP过伸、近侧指间关节(PIP)屈曲位,4周去除铝板,6周拔出克氏针,指导患者逐步进行功能锻炼.[结果]平均随访1年,按Dargan功能评定法:优8例,良4例,可1例,优良率92%.[结论]运用显微外科技术,组织辨别清晰,操作精细准确,创伤小,修复伸肌腱正常力学结构,重建DIP伸屈力量的平衡,是治疗陈旧性腱性锤状指的有效方法.     

锤状指畸形手术治疗23例

1995年始 ,我们采用克氏针固定及伸肌腱修复治疗锤状指 ,取得了满意疗效。1　临床资料　　本组 2 3例 ,男 18例 ,女 5例 ,年龄 16～42岁 ,平均 2 7岁。示指 5例 ,中指 8例 ,环指 7例 ,小指 3例。开放性损伤 9例 ,闭合性损伤 14例。二期手术距伤后时间为 1～ 6个月 ,平均 2 4个月。所选病例 ,远侧指关节被动屈伸活动均正常。应用臂丛或指神经阻滞麻醉 ,在气压止血带下手术。在远侧指间关节背侧作Ｚ形切口 ,显露损伤处 ,向近侧剥离伸肌腱后 ,用直径 1 0ｍｍ的克氏针自指尖刺入固定远侧指间关节于轻度过伸位 ,继续向近侧打入 ,固定近侧指关节…     

掌长肌腱腱片移植治疗陈旧性锤状指畸形

目的 探讨掌长肌腱腱片移植治疗陈旧性锤状指畸形的疗效.方法 对28例陈旧性锤状指畸形的患者,采用克氏针固定远指间关节、掌长肌腱腱片移植加强修复伸肌止点的手术方法.术后6周拔出克氏针,随访时按照Patel评价体系评定.结果 术后25例获得随访,3例失访,随访时间为3～15个月,平均10个月.优9例,良13例,可2例,差1例;优良率为88%.结论 采用掌长肌腱腱片移植加强修复指伸肌腱断端,可明显纠正畸形,并获得良好的关节活动度,是治疗陈旧性锤状指畸形较有效的方法.     

掌长肌腱腱片移植治疗陈旧性锤状指畸形

目的 探讨掌长肌腱腱片移植治疗陈旧性锤状指畸形的疗效.方法 对28例陈旧性锤状指畸形的患者,采用克氏针固定远指间关节、掌长肌腱腱片移植加强修复伸肌止点的手术方法.术后6周拔出克氏针,随访时按照Patel评价体系评定.结果 术后25例获得随访,3例失访,随访时间为3～15个月,平均10个月.优9例,良13例,可2例,差1例;优良率为88%.结论 采用掌长肌腱腱片移植加强修复指伸肌腱断端,可明显纠正畸形,并获得良好的关节活动度,是治疗陈旧性锤状指畸形较有效的方法.     

Immobilization of the mallet finger. Effects on the extensor tendon

Since the mallet finger that is treated with isolated splinting of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint can be moved freely proximal to the DIP joint, we sought to determine whether such motion might cause a tendon gap that could explain the extensor lag that often follows treatment. Experiments were performed on 32 cadaveric fingers with open mallet finger lesions, immobilizing either the DIP joint alone or both the DIP and PIP joints, while repeatedly flexing and extending the more proximal finger and wrist joints. For each experiment, the gap in the extensor tendon was measured. Joint motion proximal to the DIP joint and retraction of the intrinsics did not cause a tendon gap in a finger with a mallet lesion, supporting the convention that only the DIP joint needs to be immobilized.     

Current concepts: mallet finger

Loss of the extensor mechanism at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint leads to mallet finger also known as baseball finger or drop finger. This can be secondary to tendon substance disruption or to a bony avulsion. Soft tissue mallet finger is the result of a rupture of the extensor tendon in Zone 1, and a bony mallet finger is the result of an avulsion of the extensor tendon from the distal phalanx with a small fragment of bone attached to the avulsed tendon. Mallet finger leads to an imbalance in the distribution of the extensor force between the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and DIP joints. If left untreated, mallet finger leads to a swan neck deformity from PIP joint hyper extension and DIP joint flexion. Most mallet finger injuries can be managed non-surgically, but occasionally surgery is recommended for either an acute or a chronic mallet finger or for salvage of failed prior treatment.     

The terminal tendon of the digital extensor mechanism: Part II, kinematic study

PURPOSE: To conduct kinematic analyses of both intact and sectioned terminal tendon (TT) of multiple fingers in the hand. METHODS: The TTs of 36 fresh-frozen cadaveric digits were used in this study. TT excursion was assessed along with the influence on proximal joint motion. The influence of TT lengthening and shortening on distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint motion were investigated. RESULTS: TT excursion averaged 1 mm at the DIP joint and was influenced by the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint but not the position of other joints in the hand and wrist. The greatest degree of DIP joint motion averaged 86 degrees when the PIP joint was in full flexion, whereas the least motion averaged 45 degrees when this joint was in neutral position. Lengthening of the TT resulted in angular deformity at the DIP joint. Average flexion deformities reached 25 degrees at 1 mm, 36 degrees at 2 mm, 49 degrees at 3 mm, and 63 degrees at 4 mm of lengthening. The middle finger showed the greatest flexion deformity, followed by the ring, small, and index fingers. Shortening the TT by as little as 1 mm resulted in difficult tendon repair because of excessive tension and minimal or no DIP joint flexion was obtained. CONCLUSION: Only DIP and PIP joints affect TT excursion; hence these are the main joints to be immobilized to protect TT repair. The middle finger TT showed the least tolerance to lengthening with potential for mallet deformity. Joint flexion deformity is proportional to tendon lengthening. Only 1 mm of TT lengthening results in approximately 25 degrees of DIP joint extension lag, and 4 mm of TT lengthening results in DIP joint flexion deformity greater than 60 degrees . Even 1 mm of TT shortening will seriously restrict DIP joint flexion.     

双套圈经隧道交叉加压缝合法用于指伸肌腱止点重建

目的 介绍一种末节指伸肌腱止点重建的方法.方法 克氏针固定远侧指间关节,肌腱两侧套圈缝合,经末节指骨基底的横行隧道交叉至对侧.两侧套线各分出1股向近侧返折后会合,于肌腱背侧中线做套圈缝合.两侧剩余的套线于肌腱背侧直接打结.结果 术后随访时间为5个月至2年,无一例发生肌腱断裂和肌腱粘连.远侧指间关节活动度:0°～70°18例,0°～60°17例,0°～50°4例.按TAM系统评定方法评定:优25例,良14例;优良率为100%结论采用双套圈经隧道交叉加压缝合法重建指伸肌腱止点,操作简单,疗效可靠.     

先天性手部关节挛缩症的治疗

目的 探讨先天性多发性手部关节挛缩症手术方法的选择.方法 对8例(23指)先天性手部关节挛缩症的患儿,分别采用关节囊掌板松解、指浅屈肌腱止点切断、深浅肌腱交替术、皮片移植术等方法,术中以挛缩的关节能被动伸直为标准,采用克氏针内固定和术后石膏外固定相结合的方法进行治疗.结果 术后23指伤口均I期愈合.随访时间为12～25个月,关节功能及手指外形良好,除1例(4指)出现肌腱轻度粘连外,7例中14指(累及掌指关节1指,近指间关节13指)主、被动活动达到正常.其余手指背伸损害值V伸=5°～10°.结论 手部先天性多发性关节挛缩症根据组织的挛缩程度,通过上述方法可获得良好的治疗效果.     

非手术治疗闭合性锤状指

目的介绍非手术治疗闭合性锤状指的一种新方法。方法对36例闭合性锤状指患者早期应用掌侧石膏托外固定法进行治疗。石膏置于伤指远端至前臂中段掌侧,拇指与伤指对捏位固定,其中6例为远节指骨基底部撕脱骨折患者。石膏固定6周后功能锻炼。结果36例均获随访,时间418个月。未出现压疮。患指近侧指间关节、掌指关节和腕关节、其它手指各关节活动均正常。患指远侧指间关节伸屈活动度为0°70°26例,0°60°5例,0°53°3例,0°35°2例。将患指与健指远侧指间关节活动度相比较,疗效参照TAM系统评定方法评定：优26例,良8例,差2例,优良率为94.4%。6例撕脱骨折者3个月均骨性愈合。结论应用该石膏外固定方法治疗闭合性锤状指,操作简单,疗效确切。     

Tenodermodesis for chronic mallet finger deformities in children

The treatment of chronic mallet finger deformities in children can be challenging. Previously proposed for the treatment of chronic mallet fingers in adults, tenodermodesis is a reconstructive procedure that may also be applied to the pediatric population. The technique of tenodermodesis for chronic mallet finger injuries in children is presented here, featuring careful repair of the extensor mechanism and temporary transarticular Kirschner wire fixation of the distal interphalangeal joint. Preliminary clinical results with this procedure have been encouraging, with high patient/parent satisfaction and few complications. Most importantly, tenodermodesis allows anatomical reconstruction of the injured extensor mechanism while preserving skeletal growth and distal interphalangeal joint motion in children and adolescents.     

Simultaneous fracture-dislocations of the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints

Sixteen cases of simultaneous fracture-dislocations of both the distal interphalangeal (DIP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints in the same finger that were treated during the past 10 years were classified into three types: the swan-neck injury (dorsal fragment of the base of the distal phalanx at the DIP joint and palmar fragment of the base of the middle phalanx at the PIP joint); the double-hyperextension injury (palmar fragments at the DIP and PIP joints); and the straight-finger injury (with dorsal and palmar bone fragments at the DIP joint). The results of treatment were more satisfactory in PIP joints than in DIP joints.     

Modified extension-block K-wire fixation technique for the treatment of bony mallet finger

This article describes the treatment of a bony mallet finger deformity using 2 extension-block Kirschner wires (K-wires) with a transarticular K-wire fixation technique for precise alignment of the terminal extensor tendon-bone relationship and effective immobilization of the distal interphalangeal joint. Twenty-nine patients (33 fingers) with a bony mallet finger deformity and fracture fragment involving more than one-third of the articular surface were treated surgically. The fracture fragment was fixed and the mallet finger deformity was corrected in all patients using modified extension-block K-wires (2 dorsal extension-block pins) with a transarticular K-wire (volar side pin) fixation technique. Active motion of the proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints was not restricted. The wires are removed in the clinic 6 weeks postoperatively when the bridging trabeculae were observed in the radiographs, and immobilization in a stock splint was continued for an additional 2 weeks. According to Crawford's evaluation criteria, there were 24 (73%) excellent, 7 (21%) good, and 2 (6%) fair results. Three patients showed radiological signs of mild degenerative changes, which did not limit their daily activities. Nail ridging occurred in 3 cases (9%), which disappeared after an average of 6 months with normal growth, and mild scarring at the dorsal pin site occurred in 2 cases (6%). Modified extension-block K-wires with a transarticular K-wire fixation technique is an acceptable alternative treatment modality for the management of bony mallet finger deformities with or without subluxation of the distal phalanx.     

SPin微型螺钉治疗手指关节内骨折

目的 探讨应用Spin螺钉治疗手指关节内骨折的方法及其临床疗效.方法 2004年10月至2007年10月,应用Spin螺钉治疗手指关节内骨折22例,男15例,女7例;年龄18～65岁,平均31岁.涉及掌指关节内骨折9例,近侧指间关节内骨折11例,远侧指间关节内骨折2例.开放性骨折9例,闭合性骨折13例.开放性损伤中合并肌腱损伤7例,1例合并拇指末节离断.采用1枚Spin螺钉内固定14例,采用2枚Spin螺钉内固定5例,采用1枚Spin螺钉并克氏针内固定3例.术后2周开始进行早期功能锻炼.结果 术后伤口均一期愈合,经6～12个月(平均8个月)的随访,无伤口感染及骨髓炎发生.所有病例骨折均愈合,临床愈合时间为3～6周,骨性愈合时间为7～12周,内固定拆除时间为8～26周,无创伤性关节炎发生.手指关节活动度按TAM法进行评价,优15例、良5例、中1例、差1例,优良率90.9%.其中掌指关节内骨折9例.8例活动度0°～90°,1例活动度O°～75°;近侧指间关节内骨折11例,8例活动度0°～11°.,2例活动度O°～90°,1例活动度0°～50°;远侧指间关节内骨折2例,活动度0°～50°.结论 对于手指关节内骨折,行切开复位,Spin螺钉内固定,具有固定可靠、复位满意等优点,是一种有效的手术方法.选择合适的适应证,熟练的手术技巧及早期功能锻炼可以获得满意的疗效.