支气管-肋间动脉联合栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血

目的 探讨支气管-肋间动脉联合栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血的临床价值.方法 19例肺结核大咯血患者,行选择性支气管动脉和肋间动脉造影并对病变血管用2 mm手术丝线段进行栓塞.结果 19例咯血患者,共栓塞58支出血血管.其中行支气管动脉-肋间动脉联合栓塞17例,单独栓塞支气管动脉和肋间动脉各1例.17例联合栓塞患者24 h内咯血停止16例,即刻止血率94.2%（16/17）;1周内咯血停止1例;近期有效率100%（17/17）.2例单独栓塞支气管动脉或肋间动脉者止血无效.3～6个月内复发2例.无严重栓塞相关并发症发生.结论 支气管-肋间动脉联合栓塞是治疗肺结核大咯血的有效手段,具有止血迅速、复发率低及安全性高的优点.     

支气管-肋间动脉联合栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血

目的探讨支气管-肋间动脉联合栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血的临床价值。方法19例肺结核大咯血患者,行选择性支气管动脉和肋间动脉造影并对病变血管用2 mm手术丝线段进行栓塞。结果19例咯血患者,共栓塞58支出血血管。其中行支气管动脉-肋间动脉联合栓塞17例,单独栓塞支气管动脉和肋间动脉各1例。17例联合栓塞患者24h内咯血停止16例,即刻止血率94.2%（16/17）;1周内咯血停止1例;近期有效率100%（17/17）。2例单独栓塞支气管动脉或肋间动脉者止血无效。36个月内复发2例。无严重栓塞相关并发症发生。结论支气管-肋间动脉联合栓塞是治疗肺结核大咯血的有效手段,具有止血迅速、复发率低及安全性高的优点。     

致命性大咯血的病因及其选择性支气管动脉栓塞的疗效分析

目的了解致命性大咯血的病因及其选择性支气管动脉栓塞(bronchial artery embolization,BAE)的疗效。方法对2007年1月至2012年1月期间84例致命性大咯血患者进行病因分类,对2009年8月至2012年1月期间的30例致命性大咯血患者进行选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗,观察其即刻、近期和远期疗效。结果致命性大咯血的病因分别为肺结核(63例,75.0%)、支气管扩张症(11例,13.1%)、肺曲霉病(6例,7.1%)、肺癌(2例,2.4%)和肺动静脉瘘(2例,2.4%)。对其中30例致命性大咯血患者(肺结核25例,肺曲霉病和肺动静脉瘘各2例,支气管扩张症1例)进行选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗,即刻止血率达90.0%(27/30)。术后随访5~29个月(平均16个月),近期止血率93.3%(28/30),远期止血率达96.7%(29/30)。结论致命性大咯血的病因主要为肺结核,其次为支气管扩张症和肺曲霉病,BAE是治疗致命性大咯血的首选措施,具有安全、有效、高成功率优点,为基础肺疾病的治愈提供了条件。     

支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的疗效分析

报道 14例大咯血患者行支气管动脉栓塞术 ,即刻出血率 5 7.1% ,经 1个月和 3个月随访观察 ,其止血率分别为 85 .7%和 78.6 %。对支气管动脉栓塞术的应用价值、栓塞材料与方法的选择、适应证、并发症及其预防等进行了讨论     

34例经支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血临床分析

目的探讨经支气管动脉栓塞术治疗顽固性大咯血的临床应用。方法选取34例不同病因引起的大咯血患者作为研究对象,均经支气管动脉栓塞术治疗,观察治疗效果。结果 34例病人即刻止血33例,术后咯血完全停止;1例咯血明显减少,同时加药物内科保守治疗后咯血停止。结论经支气管动脉栓塞治疗顽固性大咯血是安全有效的治疗方法。     

支气管动脉栓塞治疗支气管扩张大咯血的疗效观察

目的观察支气管动脉栓塞术（BAE）治疗支气管扩张大咯血的疗效,评价支气管动脉栓塞术的临床价值。方法21例支气管扩张大咯血患者,男13例,女8例,全部病例采用Seldinger技术经股动脉穿刺插管,DSA造影,首先明确出血部位,然后进行支气管动脉内栓入明胶海棉十丝线微粒＋欧乃派克或小直径不锈铜丝圈。结果21例患者术后咯血量即刻明显减少,1周内咯血完全停止。3例患者2周左右复发,行第2次BAE止血所有病例随访6～24个月均无复发。结论支气管动脉栓塞术成为控制支气管扩张大咯血的有效、安全的治疗方法。     

Glubran2胶介入栓塞在肺癌咯血中的应用效果

目的探讨Glubran2胶介入栓塞在肺癌咯血中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析山东省新汶矿业集团莱芜中心医院2009—2012年期间采取姑息治疗的30例中晚期肺癌咯血患者的临床资料,均行Glubran2胶介入栓塞治疗。结果栓塞完成即刻造影,支气管动脉为其靶动脉,均于术中成功注胶,Glubran2胶血管内铸型良好。即刻止血23例,术后4 h止血7例。术后复发1例,无一例出现脊髓损伤、窒息等严重并发症。术后6、12及24个月随诊无咯血事件。结论 Glubran2胶介入栓塞治疗肺癌咯血创伤小、安全、止血率高、复发率低。     

支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的疗效分析

目的 :探讨支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的疗效。方法 :36例大咯血患者用明胶海绵颗粒行支气管动脉栓塞。患者肺部基础病变包括 :支气管扩张 13例 ,肺结核 11例 ,肺癌 9例 ,肺脓肿 1例 ,隐源性咯血 2例。结果 :2 9例即刻止血 (80 .6 % )。在 2年的随访中 ,术后 15d内复发大咯血并窒息死亡者 4例 ,另外 4例复发咯血者 ,3例再次行BAE治疗。支气管动脉栓塞术后因复发而行手术治疗者 2例。因此 ,2年随访总的有效率和复发率分别为 83.3%和 2 2 .8%。主要的并发症为自限性的短暂胸痛和发热。结论 :支气管动脉栓塞术是大咯血的一种安全、微创、高效的治疗方法     

支气管动脉栓塞术治疗肺结核咯血的中远期疗效评价

目的探讨支气管动脉栓塞术治疗肺结核咯血的中远期疗效。方法对1124例肺结核咯血病人行支气管动脉栓塞术。术后全部进行了随访,时间18～96个月,平均60±8个月,分析其临床特点及治疗效果。结果1124例全部达到即刻临床止血,即刻止血100％;2例（0．18％）术后出现脊髓损伤;中远期复发57例,复发率5．1％。结论支气管动脉栓塞术创伤小、痊愈快、并发症少,应视为治疗肺结核咯血的重要方法。     

大咯血患者支气管动脉栓塞与支气管镜介入治疗的对照研究

目的 探讨大咯血行支气管动脉栓塞与支气管镜介入治疗的临床价值.方法 对64例大咯血患者行支气管动脉栓塞或支气管镜介入治疗.结果 支气管动脉栓塞组患者即刻止血率、临床治愈率、有效控制率、无效率分别为82.4%、88.2%、5.9%、5.9%,支气管镜介入止血治疗组则分别为53.3%、60.0%、26.7%、13.3%.结论 支气管动脉栓塞较支气管镜介入止血具有止血效果迅速、明显、确切等优点.     

Use of endoscopic fibrinogen-thrombin in the treatment of severe hemoptysis

Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is the treatment of choice in the majority of patients with severe hemoptysis. However, this procedure may be unavailable and even fail or be counterindicated in 4-13% of cases. In these cases, the efficacy of fibrinogen-thrombin (FT) instilled endoscopically as treatment for massive hemoptysis was assessed. Between August 1993 and February 1996 a prospective clinical study was performed. FT instillation was indicated in all patients with severe hemoptysis (> 150 ml/12 h) in whom BAE had failed, was counterindicated or not available. FT was instilled endoscopically. Patients were followed up until June 2001. Eleven of 101 patients (11%) with hemoptysis > 150 ml/12 h in whom BAE was not possible or proved ineffective were included. The severe hemoptysis was controlled immediately in all cases. During the follow-up period (mean: 39.4 months), early relapse of the severe hemoptysis occurred in two patients (18%) and a long-time relapse in one. Mean procedure duration was 3 min and no attributable complications were observed in any case. In conclusion, these results suggest that topical treatment with FT could be considered in the initial endoscopic evaluation of patients with severe hemoptysis while awaiting BAE or surgery, or as alternative treatment to arterial embolization when the latter is not available, has proved ineffective or is counterindicated.     

支气管动脉栓塞术后肺结核再咯血的综合治疗

目的探讨肺结核大咯血行支气管动脉栓塞术(BAE)后再次出现咯血的综合治疗方法。方法总结1997年8月至2006年2月间289例肺结核大咯血行BAE治疗失败后再次出现咯血的42例患者,根据咯血量的多少,采用不同的治疗措施,20例小量咯血应用云南白药和止血芳酸治疗,22例中至大量咯血患者联合应用蛇毒血凝素和人工冬眠治疗。结果20例小量咯血经云南白药和止血芳酸治疗后,有效止血率95.0%,22例中至大量咯血联合应用蛇毒血凝素和人工冬眠治疗,有效止血率为86.4%。结论肺结核大咯血行BAE后再次出现小量咯血可以采取常规治疗,中至大量咯血联合应用蛇毒血凝素和人工冬眠不失为有效的治疗手段。     

Percutaneous bronchial artery embolization in the management of massive hemoptysis in chronic lung diseases. Immediate and long-term outcomes

AIM: Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is a well-established, non-surgical procedure in the emergency treatment of massive hemoptysis. This study aims to evaluate the immediate and long-term prognosis of BAE for the management of massive hemoptysis in our center. METHODS: Twenty consecutive patients (mean age: 59+/-14 years) with massive hemoptysis, underwent BAE with microspheres (Embospheres BioSphere Medical SA, Paris, France), polyvinyl alcohol particles (PVA, Ivalon, Cathmed Science; Paris, France) or/and steel coils (Cook, Denmark) after thoracic aortography and diagnostic selective and superselective catheterization of bronchial arteries and systemic collateral vessels in the bleeding lung area. Hemoptysis was due to bronchiectasis (55%), non-operable aspergillomas (15%), active tuberculosis (15%), malignancy (10%) and cystic fibrosis (5%). Mean duration of follow-up was 29+/-18 months. The recurrent-free time was calculated with Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Immediate control of bleeding was achieved in all patients. Recurrent cases of hemoptysis were observed in 6/20 patients (30%) within 3 years and 4 of them (66.6%) occurred early in the first 3 months. Recurrent-free time was 9 months (standard error: 4) (95% confidence interval: 0-17). Repeated interventions were required in all early recurrences, due to either recanalization of the occluded arteries or non-bronchial systemic artery supply. Combined use of PVA and coils was proved effective in these cases. No serious complications were observed. CONCLUSION: BAE is an effective and safe intervention in cases of massive hemoptysis. However, recurrences are common and long-term follow-up is considered important with a view to perform repeated interventions with combination of embolic materials.     

Bronchial artery embolization: A gratifying life-saving procedure

BackgroundBronchial artery embolization (BAE) is an urgent life-saving procedure in patients with massive hemoptysis.Material and methodsThis was a single center observational study wherein patients presenting with hemoptysis were evaluated and underwent BAE. Initially, a descending thoracic aortogram was performed to identify culprit vessels followed by selective catheterization of the involved vessels. Abnormal bronchial artery morphology included hypertrophied and tortuous bronchial artery (BA), focal hyperemia and hypervascularity, shunting into pulmonary artery or vein, extravasation of contrast into the lung parenchyma/cavity and BA aneurysms. Selective embolization was done using either gelfoam or polyvinyl alcohol particles. Post-procedure, follow-up was done at one month and six months with outcomes defined in terms of recurrence of hemoptysis.ResultsA total of 187 patients underwent BAE with post-tubercular sequalae being the most common diagnosis in 157 (84%) followed by idiopathic bronchiectasis in 19 (10.2%) and aspergilloma in 7 (3.7%). A total of 246 vessels were embolized with right sided BA being more commonly involved as compared to left [143 (76.5%) vs. 35 (18.7%); P < 0.0001]. Complete resolution was observed in 183 (97.8%) 24 hours post procedure. Recurrence was reported in 34 (18.2%) patients with higher frequency in diabetics, patients with active tuberculosis and presence of aspergillomas. Multi-variate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes, presence of an aspergilloma and feeding vessels from internal mammary artery were independent predictors of recurrent hemoptysis. Most of the complications were minor except paraparesis observed in two patients.ConclusionBAE is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of hemoptysis of different etiologies.     

Prognosis of bronchial artery embolization in the management of hemoptysis

BACKGROUND: Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is a well-accepted and widely used treatment modality for the management of massive and recurrent hemoptysis. However, few reports have previously investigated the long-term results. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prognosis of patients with hemoptysis who had undergone BAE. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with hemoptysis underwent BAE. The underlying diseases included bronchiectasis in 9, aspergillosis in 3, chronic bronchitis in 2, idiopathic bronchial bleeding in 4, and other diseases in 4. The follow-up period ranged from 25 to 88 months (median 47 months). RESULTS: After the initial BAE, 11 of 22 (50%) patients had re-bleeding (5 patients with hemoptysis and 6 patients with minor hemosputa). Among them, 1 patient suffered from recurrent massive hemoptysis and died from airway obstruction within 1 month after BAE. In addition, 10 of these 11 (90.9%) patients experienced recurrent airway bleeding within 3 years after BAE. Recurrent cases of hemoptysis were seen in 6 of 22 patients (27.3%) within 3 years and no case recurred later than 3 years after BAE. A recurrence of hemoptysis was frequently seen in patients with either bronchiectasis or pulmonary-bronchial artery (P-B) shunt. Although BAE is an effective treatment for the immediate control of hemoptysis, 5 of the patients experienced recurrent bleeding in the long-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to follow-up such patients until 3 years after initial BAE, especially when either ectatic changes of the bronchi on a CT scan or a P-B shunt on angiographic findings are detected.     

Bronchial artery embolization in the management of hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis

Massive hemoptysis and/or recurrent expectoration of measurable amounts of blood are common complications of chronic bronchopulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis (CF). When conservative treatment fails to control bleeding, surgery or bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is frequently considered. We present our experience and long-term follow up of BAE in 14 CF patients (age range 15–39 years) with massive (6 subjects) and/or recurrent (8 subjects) hemoptysis not responsive to medical treatment. Seven had chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. After angiographic evaluation, polyvinyl alcohol particles (halon) were injected to embolize obviously enlarged bronchial arteries. Seventeen procedures were performed in 14 patients and 36 bronchial arteries were embolized. All the patients stopped bleeding immediately upon BAE. Most of the patients had postembolization fever, dysphagia, and transient chest pain which were managed symptomatically. After median follow-up period of 10.5 months (range 0.5–38 months), no recurrence of hemoptysis was observed in 8 patients who are still alive. In 3 patients hemoptysis recurred and they underwent reembolization after 3,22, and 25 months, respectively. Three subjects died of respiratory failure within 5 months from BAE. Presently, 50% of patients studied had a ≥ 1 year interval free of major hemoptysis after the first BAE. Our experience indicates that massive and/or recurrent hemoptysis in C:F patients can be safety and effectively managed by BAE if the procedure is performed by skilled practitioner. The procedure was well tolerated and resulted in prolonged and satisfactory bleeding control in most patients. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

肺结核大咯血的介入治疗

目的探讨肺结核大咯血的介入诊断与治疗。方法对213例肺结核大咯血患者行支气管动脉造影（BAG）＋支气管动脉栓塞术（BAE）治疗。结果行支气管动脉栓塞术（BAE）后，经1周、1个月、3个月的疗效观察，大咯血止血成功率分别可达99．5％、95．5％、94．4％，随访6个月成功率达93．4％。结论对肺结核大咯血的病理基础，栓塞材料及方法选择、介入止血无效的原因进行了讨论，认为经由内科治疗无效又无外科手术条件的肺结核大咯血病人，介入治疗是一种有效手段。     

超选择性支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的临床效果分析

目的探讨超选择性支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的临床价值。方法 52例大咯血患者经支气管动脉造影明确岀血动脉后行支气管动脉栓塞术,采用明胶海绵颗粒、明胶海绵条或联合弹簧钢圈进行栓塞。所有患者随访3～12月,观察栓塞术后有无再次岀血及并发症的发生。结果 52例患者均顺利完成支气管动脉栓塞术,于一周内咯血症状逐渐消失,其中6例患者分别于术后6月～10月后咯血复发,再次行性支气管动脉栓塞术咯血消失。无严重栓塞术后并发症发生。结论超选择性支气管动脉栓塞术是治疗大咯血安全、有效的治疗方法。