汽油机加速瞬态工况空燃比优化控制研究

由于氧传感器反馈信号存在一定的延时,导致常规反馈空燃比控制存在时滞现象,造成汽油机加速瞬态工况燃烧性能、动力性能与排放性能恶化。为了使加速瞬态工况空燃比能快速稳定在理论空燃比,基于汽油机加速瞬态工况空燃比控制基本策略,提出一种基于BP神经网络控制器(预估NNI辨识器)和基于径向基函数神经网络控制器(RBF-NNC控制器)组成的采用混沌优化算法的复合神经网络空燃比控制系统,并进行计算机仿真验证。结果表明:该优化控制系统可增强汽油机加速瞬态工况空燃比实时性控制与精度,确保发动机实际空燃比稳定在理论空燃比控制范围内,有效解决氧传感器信号传输的迟滞性问题。     

部分负荷工况下电控发动机空燃比控制研究

空燃比的精确控制是现代车用汽油机控制最为关键的技术,部分负荷工况是电控汽油发动机运行最多的工况,研究部分负荷工况下的电控发动机空燃比控制系统对降低排放提高燃油经济性具有重要意义。文中在进行了目标空燃比控制分析后,首先建立了发动机数学模型,设计了部分负荷工况下的空燃比PID控制系统和模糊PID控制系统,并建立了发动机空燃比控制的仿真模型,然后与未采取控制策略的常规控制系统的空燃比控制效果进行对比。仿真结果表明,在部分负荷工况下采用模糊PID算法的控制效果最好,控制精度较高、控制性能最优,PID算法次之。     

稀燃天然气掺氢发动机循环变动的试验研究

对火花点火天然气发动机而言,稀燃是提高发动机燃油经济性和降低发动机排放的一种有效途径,但稀燃导致的循环变动是拓宽稀燃极限的一个主要限制因素,在天然气中掺混氢气作为燃料,可解决稀燃工况下循环变动过大的问题。为了研究掺氢对发动机循环变动影响,选取纯天然气和掺氢体积比为20%的天然气掺氢燃料,在6缸进气道喷射增压稀燃天然气发动机上进行不同点火提前角和空燃比工况下的试验研究。通过对缸内压力特性参数、燃烧特性参数以及排放数据的分析,结果表明:掺氢可有效降低发动机最高压力循环变动和平均指示压力循环变动,在稀燃情况下效果更为明显;掺氢可降低火焰发展期和燃烧持续期及其循环变动;在稀燃工况下,掺氢对控制发动机NOx及未燃HC排放有利。     

汽油机加速瞬态油膜补偿技术研究

为了提高汽油机空燃比控制精度,满足动力性、经济性与排放性能要求,对汽油机加速瞬态工况油膜动态效应补偿技术进行研究。采用Elman神经网络对油膜参数进行辨识,通过仿真软件建立了汽油机油膜加速瞬态补偿器模型。基于mototron快速原型开发平台对设计的油膜补偿器模型进行策略移植、下载与标定,并通过离线仿真和试验进行验证。结果表明:Elman神经网络可以对汽油机油膜参数进行准确辨识,并且可以消除油膜动态效应对空燃比的影响,油膜补偿器能对汽油机加速瞬态工况下喷油进行有效补偿,更好的控制发动机加速瞬态过程中的空燃比。     

摩托车发动机燃烧性能研究

对发动机进气道进行了优化,在对化油器进行适当调整的前提下,对气道优化后,最大功率和最大扭矩两种工况时,发动机缸内最高爆发压力增大,且出现时刻提前,最大压力升高率稍有增大,燃烧开始时刻提前,燃烧持续期变短;在外特性曲线上,发动机的功率、扭矩均有所提高,燃油消耗率降低;配合使用两级触媒和二次补气后,发动机有害物排放满足＆quot;国Ⅲ＆quot;排放法规。通过氧传感器传输给ECU空燃比的反馈信号,实现对喷油量的闭环控制,实现电子控制燃烧以提高发动机的性能。     

GDI发动机颗粒物排放特性研究

本文研究了缸内直喷汽油机在外特性、负荷特性以及不同空燃比和喷油时刻下颗粒物的排放特性。试验结果表明,发动机外特性下的颗粒物排放高于部分负荷速度特性下的颗粒物排放;中低负荷工况下,随负荷增加颗粒物排放逐渐降低,但大负荷或全负荷工况下,颗粒物排放急剧增加;随空燃比增大,缸内直喷汽油机颗粒物排放不断增加;随喷油时刻延迟,颗粒物排放呈现出先降低后增加的变化趋势。     

基于欧Ⅲ标准的某型号汽油机稳态排放特性试验研究

编制了欧Ⅲ标准常温下“冷起动后排气排放试验”程序,在某型号汽油发动机的各种稳态工况下,测得不同点火提前角和空燃比条件下运行时尾气中的一氧化碳（CO）、碳氢化合物（HC）、氮氧化物（NOx）的排放特性。通过试验分析了各种运转参数对汽油机尾气排放特性的影响关系,为综合匹配各运转参数来达到降低车用汽油发动机尾气排放奠定了基础。     

内燃机制造业关键技术分析汽油喷射技术

一、技术概要将汽油喷入进气管或者直接喷入气缸内与进气混合燃烧、从而大幅度提高化油器汽油机的性能。二、选择依据汽油喷射能实现发动机空燃比的精确控制,根据缸内实际工作情况调整空燃比,使燃料充分燃烧,明显改善经济性。提高燃油雾化质量,由于采用定压喷射,使雾化质量不受发动机转速变化和化油器真空度的影响,提高了发动机运转的稳定性和怠速性能。减少进气损失。提高变工况适应性,明显降低加速时的油耗和噪声。明显改善排放指标。三、国内外发展趋势80年代后期以来,随着人们环保、节能意识的增强,汽油机的燃油喷射技术迅猛发…     

空燃比对汽油发动机排放污染物的实验探究

汽车发动机的空燃比控制是汽车电子控制系统的重要部分之一。发动机空燃比直接影响着汽车动力性、燃烧稳定性、尾气污染物含量等。汽车尾气成分有很多,其中化学物质有100多种,它不但给人们的健康带来了严重的危害,而且对我们的环境造成了重大的影响。正如现有的一些环境问题:光温室效应、化学烟雾、酸雨、热岛效应、雾霾等。本文将对空燃比进行初步的探究,并利用台架试验对空燃比排放污染物进行对比分析。     

汽车用传感器（七）汽车用气敏,湿度及光电传感器

１氧传感器在使用三元催化转换器降低排放污染的发动机上,氧传感器是必不可少的。空燃比一旦偏离理论空燃比,三元催化剂对ＣＯ、ＨＣ和ＮＯｘ的净化能力急剧下降。故在排气管中插入氧传感器,根据排气中的氧浓度测定空燃比,向微机控制装置发出反馈信号,以控制空燃比收...     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.