宫颈癌放疗患者生活质量评价

目的　探讨中晚期宫颈癌放疗患者生活质量变化及影响因素 ,评估疾病和治疗对患者生活质量的影响。方法　用生活质量问卷 (EORTCQLQ C30 )及其他调查表等对 132例宫颈癌放疗患者进行评定。结果　治疗期间总体健康状况为疗中 >疗前 >疗后。方差分析提示疼痛、呼吸困难和腹泻指标在放疗过程中有显著性变化 (P <0 .0 5 )。多因素分析表明放疗前影响患者生活质量的因素为疼痛和抑郁 ,放疗中为恶心呕吐 ,放疗后为社会功能和经济困难。结论　宫颈癌放疗患者生活质量受多种因素影响 ,放疗过程中辅助有效的对症处理和干预措施对提高生活质量具有重要临床意义。     

放疗前后宫颈癌细胞凋亡及Fas、p53及bcl-2的表达

目的　探讨Fas、p5 3及bcl 2放疗前后的变化及与细胞凋亡的关系。 方法　采用免疫组织化学SP法和脱氧核糖核酸转移酶介导的缺口末端标记 (TUNEL)技术 ,分别检测 40例宫颈鳞癌患者放疗前后同一位点凋亡阳性率及Fas、p5 3和bcl 2的表达。 结果　放疗前后凋亡阳性率有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;放疗后Fas与p5 3表达明显升高 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,而bcl 2表达明显降低(P <0 .0 1 ) ;放疗后p5 3与Fas及bcl 2表达有相关性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　Fas、p5 3及bcl 2对放射线诱导的宫颈癌细胞凋亡均具有重要调控作用。p5 3可能通过上调Fas在宫颈癌中的表达参与了放疗诱导的细胞凋亡过程。     

凋亡阳性率及凋亡相关基因bcl-2、bax在宫颈癌放疗前后表达的意义

目的　观察 30例宫颈癌患者放疗前后的凋亡阳性率及bcl 2、bax蛋白表达的变化 ,以探讨放射治疗肿瘤的机理。方法　采用免疫组织化学方法和脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的末端标记技术TUNNEL标记法对 30例Ⅰ -Ⅲ期宫颈鳞癌患者的放疗前后凋亡阳性率及bcl 2、bax蛋白表达水平进行检测。结果　 30例患者凋亡阳性率放疗前后的表达分别为 76 .7%和 10 0 % ,放疗后显著增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;bcl 2蛋白在放疗前后的表达阳性率分别为 73.3%和 4 6 .7% ,放疗后显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;bax蛋白在放疗前后的表达阳性率分别为 86 %和 10 0 % ,放疗后显著增加 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　放疗的过程就是放射线诱导细胞调亡的过程 ,放射线通过抑制bcl 2蛋白的表达、增强bax蛋白的表达诱发肿瘤细胞的凋亡     

食管癌和宫颈癌组织中p53蛋白过度表达及其与放疗敏感性的关系

用免疫组化法对 52例宫颈癌和食管癌标本中 p53基因蛋白过度表达进行研究 ,并探讨其与近期放疗效果的关系。结果显示 ,p53蛋白在宫颈癌和食管癌中过度表达分别为 35.4 8%和 52 .38% ,p53蛋白过度表达率在高分化鳞癌中较中低分化者低 (P <0 .0 5) ,且与病期无关 (P >0 .0 5)。在宫颈鳞癌 ,p53蛋白过度表达者近期放疗效果较差 (P <0 .0 5) ,食管鳞癌 p53过度表达与放疗效果无明显关系。提示 p53基因与放射敏感性有关 ,但不是唯一因素。     

增殖细胞核抗原与宫颈癌病理分级和放射敏感性的关系

目的　探讨增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)在宫颈鳞癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理的相关性、放射敏感性的关系。方法　采用免疫组化SP法检测 6 0例进展期宫颈鳞癌放疗前、放疗中PCNA表达情况。结果　宫颈鳞癌组织放疗前PCNA表达阳性率为 86 % ,放疗中PCNA表达阳性率为 5 5 % (P <0 .0 1) ;宫颈鳞癌随病理分级增高 ,PCNA指数增高且有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;不同临床分期PCNA指数未见明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;放疗近期疗效为完全缓解者 ,其PC NA指数高于近期疗效为部分缓解者 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　PCNA检测可作为判断宫颈癌生物学行为和放射敏感性的一项良好指标     

诱导化疗联合放射综合治疗晚期宫颈癌

晚期宫颈癌以放射治疗为主 ,其 5年生存率为 40 %～5 0 % ,治疗失败的主要原因是局部复发及远处转移[1 ] 。要提高晚期宫颈癌的生存率就应设法提高局控率 ,降低远处转移率。我们从 1995 0 3～ 1996 0 4对 116例晚期宫颈癌(Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期 )进行放疗、化疗的前瞻性随机分组研究 ,以探讨诱导化疗在晚期宫颈癌放疗中的临床意义。1　对象和方法1 1　研究对象　所选病例为我院 1995 0 3～ 1996 0 4收治的宫颈癌患者 ,符合下列条件者入组研究 :①经病理证实为鳞癌的Ⅲ、Ⅳ期宫颈癌初治患者 ;②全身状况好 ,血常规及肝肾功能正常 ,Ｋａｒｎｉｆｓｋｙ…     

戒烟对康复期男性精神分裂症患者焦虑抑郁情绪的影响

目的:探讨戒烟对康复期男性精神分裂症患者焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响。方法:将62例男性精神分裂症吸烟患者根据自愿分为戒烟组21例和对照组(不参与戒烟者)23例,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价患者焦虑、抑郁情绪。结果:6个月时戒烟组SAS评分与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),6个月时戒烟组焦虑、抑郁发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:精神分裂症患者能够戒烟,长期戒烟可减轻患者的焦虑、抑郁症状。     

宫颈癌Ⅱ_b患者术中大剂量放疗前后T细胞亚群水平的变化

目的　探讨术中放疗对宫颈癌Ⅱb 患者细胞免疫功能的影响。方法　在放疗前后,用流式细胞技术检测61 例宫颈癌Ⅱb 患者T淋巴细胞亚群水平(包括CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8)的变化。其中28 例行术中放疗(IROT),33 例行单纯放疗(SR),并与20例正常人作对照。结果　单纯放疗组和术中放疗组在放疗前CD4,CD4/CD8 均明显低于正常组(P<0.001),而前两组间CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8 无显著性差异;放疗后两组CD4、CD4/CD8 较放疗前均下降,CD8 上升,单纯放疗组CD4、CD4/CD8 明显低于术中放疗组(P<0.05)。结论　与单纯放疗相比,宫颈癌术中大剂量放疗对患者免疫系统的影响较轻,有利于机体的恢复。     

血清SCC与宫颈癌生物学行为的相关性及临床意义

目的　探讨宫颈癌患者放射治疗前后血清鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原 (SCC Ag)与其生物学行为的相关性及临床意义。方法　采用全自动快速粒子酶免疫分析系统 ,检测 5 0 0例宫颈癌患者治疗前后SCC Ag值 ,分析SCC Ag检测值与宫颈癌临床病理特征之间的关系。结果　宫颈癌患者治疗前血清SCC Ag水平与肿瘤组织学类型、临床分期呈正相关 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ,与肿瘤组织分化程度无关 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;且治疗前的水平高于治疗后 (P <0 .0 0 5 )。结论　治疗前后血清SCC Ag值对估计宫颈癌的生物学行为和预后有重要的临床参考价值     

抑郁症患者血清甲状腺激素水平变异分析

目的　了解血清甲状腺激素水平与抑郁症的关系。方法　对 6 4例门诊及住院抑郁症患者中双相抑郁障碍 34例、单相抑郁障碍 30例治疗前后血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3 )、甲状腺素 (T4)和促甲状腺激素 (TSH)进行检测 ,同时以30名健康志愿者作为对照组。治疗前后应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)和Montgomery Asbery抑郁量表 (MADRS) ,评定抑郁症状的严重程度。结果　患者组治疗前后T3 [(1.98± 0 .5 2 )nmol·L-1,(1.90± 0 .5 8)nmol·L-1]均明显高于对照组 [(1.5 8± 0 .2 7)nmol·L-1],单相抑郁障碍患者治疗后T4[(93.4 1± 2 9.4 1)nmol·L-1]低于治疗前 [(10 4± 2 0 .2 4 )nmol·L-1],并恢复到正常范围 ,HAMD和MADRS评分也随之明显下降。结论　提示抑郁症患者甲状腺激素水平改变与症状的消失有关 ,甲状腺激素异常是继发于情绪障碍 ,双相抑郁障碍与单相抑郁障碍在病因学方面可能不同。     

5-HTTLPR多态性与抑郁症及其临床特征的相关性

目的探讨中国汉族人群5-羟色胺转运体基因连锁多态性区域(5-HTTLPR)与抑郁症及临床特征的相关性。方法运用多聚酶链式反应技术(PCR)检测64例重型抑郁症患者和67例正常对照的5-HTTLPR多态性分布。根据抑郁症患者汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分,分析该多态性与抑郁症临床特征的相关性。结果抑郁症组5-HTTLPR多态性的L/L基因型的频率(9.4%)低于对照组(19.4%),但没有显著性差异(2χ=3.038,P=0.219);女性抑郁症组的L/L基因型的频率(2.9%)低于对照组(13.9%),但没有显著性差异(2χ=2.766,P=0.251);症状学分析显示抑郁情绪与5-HTTLPR基因多态性有关,具有等位基因L及其纯合子的患者抑郁情绪得分显著较低(P<0.05)。结论5-HTTLPR基因多态性L/L纯合子可能是抑郁症特别是女性发病的保护因子;等位基因L及其纯合子可能是抑郁症患者抑郁症状的保护因子。     

Depression and oxidative damage in TNM stage Ⅲ patients with poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma

Objective To investigate the association between psychological stress and oxidative damage in TNM stage Ⅲ patients with poorly differentiated gastric adenecarcinoma (GA). Methods One hundred and six patients with newly diagnosed poorly differentiated GA were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), activities of daily living (ADL) and other multiple-item qnestionnaires. Oxidative-stress-related parameters in serum and the expression of DNA repair genes were monitored during a pretreatment period. Results The patients were divided into depression and nondepression groups (Groups A and B, respectively) based on a HAMD score cutoff of 20. The mean SDS, SAS, SCL-90, ADL and passive coping scores were higher in Group A, whereas social support and quality of life were lower. Serum total antioxidant capacity, eatalase, superoxide dismutuse concentrations and anti-superoxide anion capacity (A-ASC) were significantly decreased in Group A, whereas serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were significantly increased. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that depression was pesitively correlated with MDA, SAS, SCL-90 and ADL, but negatively correlated with A-ASC. Furthermore, real-time PCR revealed that the expression levels of hOGG1 and APEX1 were increased in Group A. Conclusion Psychological stress might be related to impaired antioxidant system in patients with GA, and it presents the first evidence of the involvement of oxidative DNA damage in the pathogenesis of depression.     

Symptom monitoring in treatment of cancer patients

Objective To examine self-reported symptoms by the patients receiving cancer therapy, and find out the symptoms that should be coped with and managed during the treatment. Methods A pilot study was conducted on self-reported symptoms on 185 patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for different cancers. The Therapy-Related Symptoms Checklist (TRSC) was used. Results Severe symptoms on the TRSC subscales: loss of appetite,feeling sluggish, weight loss, nausea and hair loss, were reported by the patients. The frequently reported symptoms by those on chemotherapy were nausea, feeling sluggish, weight loss, vomiting, and taste change. The frequently reported symptoms by those on radiotherapy were feeling sluggish, weight loss, loss of appetite, difficult sleeping, and changing taste. The symptoms of loss of appetite, feeling sluggish, weight loss, hair loss, and nausea were both frequently reported by those on radiotherapy and those on chemotherapy. Conclusion Symptom monitoring may be facilitated by TRSC, based on the severity and frequency of reported symptoms, more patients and caregivers could know which symptoms should be preferential interventions.     

习惯性流产患者精神状况探讨

采用习惯性流产妇女问卷，抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、症状自评量表，对42例习惯性流产妇女和42例正常生育妇女（对照组）的精神状况进行了测评。结果：习惯性流产妇女90．5％感到精神压力，害怕再次妊娠流产，比对照组精神症状多，抑郁程度重，焦虑频度高。提示习惯性流产可能与精神心理因素有关；在对习惯性流产患者进行躯体治疗的同时，应提供心理疏导。     

习惯性流产患者精神状况探讨

采用习惯性流产妇女问卷，抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、症状自评量表，对42例习惯性流产妇女和42例正常生育妇女（对照组）的精神状况进行了测评。结果：习惯性流产妇女90．5％感到精神压力，害怕再次妊娠流产，比对照组精神症状多，抑郁程度重，焦虑频度高。提示习惯性流产可能与精神心理因素有关；在对习惯性流产患者进行躯体治疗的同时，应提供心理疏导。     

本科医学生的心理卫生调查研究

本文以西安医科大学219名本科二年级学生为对象,采用心身健康状况(CMI)、人格(EPQ)、气质、情绪状态(SAS、SDS)等五个量表,进行了心理卫生调查研究。发现医学生中处于焦虑抑郁情绪状态的百分数较高,分别为44.29%、21.00%,有51.14%的人情绪不稳定,10.50%的人有“神经症倾向”,以艾森克人格问卷分析中正常人的均值作常模,与其进行比较,内外向E的均值、神经项N的均值均增高。再与北京医科大学研究生的调查结果进行比较,医学生在焦虑、抑郁、情绪不稳定方面,都明显高于医学研究生。本文还就医学生产生焦虑、抑郁、情绪不稳定的原因进行了分析。     

Prospective randomized trial of surgery combined with preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy for rectal carcinoma

Objective To assess the effect of surgery combined with preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy ("sandwich" treatment) in rectal carcinoma. Methods From October 1990 to January 2002, 260 patients with stage Ⅱ (117 patients) and stage Ⅲ (143 patients) rectal carcinoma were randomly divided into three groups: "sandwich" group (92 patients, group A), postoperative radiotherapy group (98 patients, Group B) and operation group (70 patients, Group C). The preoperative accelerated hyperfractionation (15 Gy/6f/3d) was given for "sandwich" group which was followed by conventional postoperative fractionation (DT 35 - 40 Gy/3.5 - 4 weeks). Patients in Group B were given postoperative radiotherapy (Dr 50 Gy/5 weeks). Patients treated with surgery alone served as control. Results The local recurrence rates of Group A, B and C were 5.4% (5/92), 16.3% (16/98) and 64.3% (45/70), respectively (X2 =5.726, P=0.017); and the distant metastasis rates were 6.5% (6/92), 28. 6%(28/98) and 31.4%(22/70), respectively (X2 =15. 703, P= 0. 001). The 3-ycar survival rate was 86. 9%(80/92), 62.2%(61/98) and 51.4%(36/70), respectively (X2 =15. 141, P=0. 001). The 5-year survival rate was 68. 5%(63/92), 54.1%(54/98)and 41.4%(29/70), respectively (X2 =4. 218, P=0.04). The Ⅰ and Ⅱ grades of radiation entero-colitis in Group A and Group B were 7.6% (7/92) and 6.1% (6/98), respectively (X2 = 0. 164, P= 0. 685). Conclusion Surgery combined with preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy can improve the survival rate and reduce the local recurrence rate in rectal carcinoma patients with stage Duke's B (Ⅱ) and C (Ⅲ).     

精神分裂症和抑郁症局部脑血流的变化

目的　探讨单光子发射电子计算机断层显像扫描 (SPECT)在精神分裂症 (SC)与抑郁症 (DE)的临床诊断及脑部功能异常定位研究的价值。方法　采用SPECT技术 ,对首发、未服药的 2 7例精神分裂症及 12例抑郁症患者与 10例正常人于静息状态下行脑血流 (rCBF)显像研究。结果　以阳性症状为主SC、以阴性症状为主SC及DE患者rCBF异常的阳性率分别为 5 4.5 4%、75 .0 0 %、83.33%。rCBF异常均表现皮层内局限性放射性分布稀疏、缺损区。SC患者rCBF异常脑叶涉及范围较大 ,以颞叶、额叶、顶叶、枕叶为主 ,且额叶rCBF减低与阴性症状明显有关。DE患者rCBF减低仅局限在颞叶或额叶 ,且以左侧颞叶或额叶为主。结论　精神分裂症不同亚型和抑郁症患者的脑叶rCBF的异常各有其特点。SPECT脑显像对两种疾病的诊断及脑功能异常的定位研究均有重要的价值。