低温盐浴渗氮对Custom 465钢耐蚀及耐磨性的影响

为了提高Custom 465马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢的耐磨性,分别在440、480和520℃对580℃时效后的样品进行了2 h的盐浴渗氮,使用显微硬度计、X射线衍射仪、电化学工作站、球盘式摩擦磨损仪、表面轮廓仪、扫描电镜等设备,研究渗氮温度对Custom 465钢表面物相、硬度、渗层显微形貌、耐蚀性及耐磨性的影响.随着渗氮温度升高,耐蚀性逐渐降低,但表面硬度增加,520℃处理后表面硬度增大到1240 HV,较未处理试样的400 HV明显上升,渗层厚度达到22μm.440℃渗氮后表面物相为氮在马氏体基体中过饱和的α'_N,点蚀电位降低约60 m V;480℃时有少量CrN相析出,引起点蚀电位降低约180 mV,同时磨损体积下降约43%;520℃时CrN相的含量明显升高,自腐蚀电位降低约70 mV,无明显的稳态钝化区,磨损体积降低82%,减磨效果明显.      

0.3C-Cr-W渗氮轴承钢的微动摩擦磨损性能

利用SRV-4高温摩擦磨损试验机对0.3C-Cr-W高性能渗氮轴承钢进行了微动磨损试验,分别改变载荷和频率,研究了表面离子渗氮对摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明:试验钢表面渗氮后渗层厚度为238.45 μm,其中白亮的化合物层厚度为9μm,主要为γ'-Fe4N和VN两种相;渗氮后试样表面的白亮化合物层具有减小摩擦因数和提高耐磨性的作用;渗氮前后试验钢的磨损机制相同,前期以粘着磨损为主,以磨粒磨损为辅;磨损后期转变为以磨粒磨损为主,以粘着磨损为辅;渗氮前试验钢的磨损体积是渗氮后的3倍以上,表面离子渗氮后试验钢的抗微动磨损性能有明显的提高.     

合金元素含量对42CrMo钢渗氮性能的影响

针对42CrMo钢的成分特点,采用固定变量法研究Mn,Cr,Mo与渗氮层硬度和深度的关系。试验表明,42CrMo钢合金成分含量的高低对渗氮层深度基本没有影响,合金元素Mo对渗氮层硬度的影响最大。     

渗氮工艺对H13热作模具钢性能的影响分析

本文采用离子渗氮工艺对H13热作模具钢进行了表面处理,试验结果表明,渗氮温度为500℃,保温时间为8 h时试样具有最佳的性能,表面硬度为1 250 HV,渗氮层厚度为241μm。摩擦磨损试验表明,渗氮温度为500℃,保温时间为8 h时,试样磨损14 h后磨损量为206 mg。渗氮层中化合物主要为Fe2N、Fe4N及Fe3O4,适当厚度的化合物层和渗氮层对模具钢热性能提高具有显著的作用。     

稀土对38CrMoAl钢离子渗氮层结构和性能的影响

研究了稀土对３８ＣｒＭｏＡｌ钢离子渗氮层微观结构和性能的影响。结果表明：加稀土离子渗氮后,化合物层中ｒ’相的含量明显增加,且在距表面０．０８ｍｍ扩散层处存在许多小位错环、位错和胞状亚结构;加稀土离了渗氮的表现硬度和普通离子渗氮相近,生和耐热疲劳性优于普通离子渗氮,在渗层厚度增加的情况下,渗层脆性并不增加。     

镍基合金粉末等离子弧堆焊层的性能研究

采用等离子弧堆焊技术,在Q235钢表面堆焊镍基合金粉末,通过工艺试验、硬度试验、磨损试验和显微组织观察分析,研究了等离子弧堆焊层的常规性能。试验结果表明:镍基合金粉末堆焊层硬度和耐磨性较基体有显著提高。     

齿轮钢中渗氮层深度及含量的测定方法

齿轮钢中渗氮层深度和含量测定,对衡量渗氮工艺是否合适至关重要。实验以20MnCrS5齿轮钢为试验材料,摸索出电子探针法(EPMA)测定渗氮层的最佳试验参数为:加速电压10 kV,束流100 nA,束斑直径1 μm,步径1 μm。首先,利用电子探针的面扫描功能,对渗氮层从表面到基体进行二维和三维面分布定量化分析,从结果可以看出,表层有一个富集的氮化层,厚度约为10 μm,最高处氮含量(质量分数,下同)达到8.46%,氮化层以内的氮含量在0.84%左右,渗氮层总深度约为600 μm。其次,对比了电子探针线分析法与硬度法的结果,电子探针法测得的渗氮层总深度与硬度法测得的基体硬度值时深度一致,都约为600 μm,且能同时给出不同渗氮层厚度与氮含量的变化曲线。因此,电子探针法作为硬度法的补充方法,可以同时得到准确的渗氮层深度和氮含量,可以作为衡量渗氮工艺是否合适的依据。     

齿轮钢中渗氮层深度及含量的测定方法

齿轮钢中渗氮层深度和含量测定,对衡量渗氮工艺是否合适至关重要。实验以20MnCrS5齿轮钢为试验材料,摸索出电子探针法(EPMA)测定渗氮层的最佳试验参数为:加速电压10 kV,束流100 nA,束斑直径1 μm,步径1 μm。首先,利用电子探针的面扫描功能,对渗氮层从表面到基体进行二维和三维面分布定量化分析,从结果可以看出,表层有一个富集的氮化层,厚度约为10 μm,最高处氮含量(质量分数,下同)达到8.46%,氮化层以内的氮含量在0.84%左右,渗氮层总深度约为600 μm。其次,对比了电子探针线分析法与硬度法的结果,电子探针法测得的渗氮层总深度与硬度法测得的基体硬度值时深度一致,都约为600 μm,且能同时给出不同渗氮层厚度与氮含量的变化曲线。因此,电子探针法作为硬度法的补充方法,可以同时得到准确的渗氮层深度和氮含量,可以作为衡量渗氮工艺是否合适的依据。     

热处理状态对H13模具钢渗氮层的影响

 采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及显微硬度等技术,综合比较和分析了H13模具钢在不同热处理状态下经相同气体渗氮处理后表层的组织结构和硬度。结果表明,经淬火＋二次回火和淬火+三次回火的试样渗氮后,渗氮层厚度均达到约0.24 mm,致密化合物层厚度达到10 μm以上,表面硬度HV达到950 (约为HRC 67)。这两种热处理状态下渗层中化合物层均由ε相（Fe2N）、γ′相和Fe3O4构成,扩散层均由α Fe相、ε相（Fe3N）、CrN相和γ′相构成,但各相含量有差别。而淬火态和淬火+一次回火态的渗氮试样未能获得具有足够好综合性能的渗层组织。     

钛催化渗氮的新工艺方法

正实验结果表明,钛催化渗氮的新工艺方法与传统的气体氮化法或盐浴氮化法相比,具有化合物层厚度增加,表面硬度高,渗氮速度快,生产效率高的优点。是一种提高工具钢和模具钢性能的有效方法。钛催化渗氮的新工艺方法,对多种材料进行了渗氮处理。渗氮工艺可以有效提供工具的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性而被广泛使用,同时氮化还可提高抗热疲劳性和抗粘附性能。但普通氮化工艺的最大缺点就是渗层薄,而且工艺时间长、生产效率低。     

Effects of the Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Properties of Nitrided 17-4PH Stainless Steel

The effects of process parameters on the microstructure, microhardness, and dry-sliding wear behavior of plasma nitrided 17-4PH stainless steel were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and wear testing. The results show that a wear-resistant nitrided layer was formed on the surface of direct current plasma nitrided 17-4PH martensitic stainless steel. The microstructure and thickness of the nitrided layer is dependent on the treatment temperature rather than process pressure. XRD indicated that a single α _N phase was formed during nitriding at 623 K (350 °C). When the temperature increased, the α _N phase disappeared and CrN transformed in the nitrided layer. The hardness measurement demonstrated that the hardness of the stainless substrate steel increased from 320 HV_0.1 in the untreated condition increasing to about 1275HV_0.1 after nitriding 623 K (350 °C)/600 pa/4 hours. The extremely high values of the microhardness achieved by the great misfit-induced stress fields associated with the plenty of dislocation group and stacking fault. Dry-sliding wear resistance was improved by DC plasma nitriding. The best wear-resistance performance of a nitrided sample was obtained after nitriding at 673 K (350 °C), when the single α _N-phase was produced and there were no CrN precipitates in the nitrided layer.     

Surface modification of （Tb0.3Dy0.7）Fe1.95 alloy by ion nitriding process

Effect of ion nitriding modification on surface hardness, corrosion resistance and magnetostriction of (Tb0.3Dy0.7)Fe1.95 alloy was investigated. Results demonstrated that a 100-200 nm thick nitrided layer was formed on the sample surface by ion nitriding treatment, which improved obviously surface hardness, wear, and corrosion resistance properties of (Tb0.3Dy0.7)Fe1.95 alloys. The surface hardness was increased from HV587 to HV622 after ion nitriding at 650 K for 6 h. Furthermore, ion nitriding treatment had almost no influence on mag-netostrictive performance as the nitrided layer was quite thin and the treatment temperature was not too high. The results might provide us a new approach for surface modification of (Tb0.3Dy0.7)Fe1.95 alloy.     

Effect of plasma nitriding parameters on corrosion performance of 17-4 PH stainless steel

This study investigates the effect of plasma nitriding parameters on corrosion susceptibility of 17-4 PH stainless steel in 3.5?wt-% NaCl solution. In this regard, 17-4 PH stainless steel was plasma nitrided at 400°C for 5 and 10?h, 450°C for 5?h and 500°C for 5?h. Cross-sectional images after nitriding process showed that a uniform nitrided layer has been formed on steel substrate. Depending on the temperature and time of the nitriding process, different phases were formed in the nitrided layer. This affected general corrosion and pitting corrosion performance of 17-4 PH stainless steel in 3.5?wt-% NaCl solution. While precipitation of chromium nitrides for nitrided specimens at 450°C and higher increased the susceptibility to pitting and general corrosion, formation of expanded martensite (EM) in nitriding at 400°C improved the pitting corrosion resistance of 17-4 PH stainless steel. This is believed to be due to the release of nitrogen atoms from EM phase to form ammonium ions and increase the pH of the solution, supressing pit growth.     

Effects of the Treating Time on Microstructure and Erosion Corrosion Behavior of Salt-Bath-Nitrided 17-4PH Stainless Steel

The effects of salt-bath nitriding time on the microstructure, microhardness, and erosion-corrosion behavior of nitrided 17-4PH stainless steel at 703 K (430 °C) were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and erosion-corrosion testing. The experimental results revealed that the microstructure and phase constituents of the nitrided surface alloy are highly process condition dependent. When 17-4PH stainless steel was subjected to complex salt-bathing nitriding, the main phase of the nitrided layer was expanded martensite (α`), expanded austenite (S), CrN, Fe₄N, and Fe₂N. The thickness of nitrided layers increased with the treating time. The salt-bath nitriding improves effectively the surface hardness. The maximum values measured from the treated surface are observed to be 1100 HV_0.1 for 40 hours approximately, which is about 3.5 times as hard as the untreated material (309 HV_0.1). Low-temperature nitriding can improve the erosion-corrosion resistance against two-phase flow. The sample nitrided for 4 hours has the best corrosion resistance.     

Salt Bath Nitriding of Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>Al Based Intermetallic Compound

Iron aluminide Fe₃Al was produced in a vacuum arc melting furnace. The alloy was heat treated by salt bath nitriding at 580 °C for durations of 3, 6, and 9 h. The nitride layers formed on the surface were characterized with light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and micro hardness measurements. The results showed that the nitride layer thickness increased with an increase in nitriding duration, while the layer hardness did not vary. The nitride layers were composed chiefly of iron nitride and aluminum nitride phases. The dry sliding friction and wear behaviors of nitrided iron aluminides were determined. The results revealed that the wear resistance decreased with increase in the length of nitriding.     

Effects of Surface Morphology on the Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Post-Treated Nitrided and Nitrocarburized 42CrMo4 Steel

The surface of alloyed carbon steel was subjected to thermochemical modification by nitrocarburizing and nitriding with or without postoxidation in order to improve its mechanical properties, corrosion, and wear resistance. Treated samples were characterized by testing their basic properties (compound layer thickness, nitriding, nitrocarburizing depth, and surface hardness) according to standards. Detailed estimation of the modified metal surface was performed by additional testing: X-ray diffraction, microstructure, surface roughness and topography, and wear and corrosion resistance. The surface layer obtained after nitrocarburizing treatment consists mainly of ε-Fe_2-3(N,C) and γ’-Fe₄(N,C); similarly, the nitrided surface is formed by ε-Fe_2-3N and γ’-Fe₄N iron nitrides. The surface layer after postoxidation contains additionally Fe₃O₄. The results obtained show that nitrocarburization, nitridation, and postoxidation result in better mechanical, wear, and corrosion resistance of 42CrMo4 steel, and postoxidized sample properties are influenced by surface morphology.     

Fretting wear behaviour of plasma nitrided Ti-6Al-4V fretted against unnitrided Ti-6Al-4V and alumina counterbodies

Ti-6Al-4V samples were plasma nitrided at 520°C in two environments (nitrogen and a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen in the ratio of 3:1) for two different time periods (4 h and 18 h). Fretting wear tests were conducted on unnitrided and nitrided samples for 50,000 cycles using two counterbody materials (unnitrided Ti-6Al-4V and alumina). Gross slip prevailed at a normal load of 4.9 N while mixed stick-slip prevailed at 9.8 N. Tangential force coefficient values of plasma nitrided samples were lower than those of unnitrided samples. The tangential force coefficient nearly stabilised after thousand cycles in case of samples tested against Ti-6Al-4V counterbody. On the other hand, it showed a continuously increasing trend in case of specimens tested against alumina counterbody. The samples nitrided for 4 h exhibited higher hardness and lower tangential force coefficient compared to the specimens nitrided for 18 h. The samples nitrided in nitrogen-hydrogen mixture environment exhibited higher hardness and lower tangential force coefficient compared to the specimens nitrided in nitrogen. The samples plasma nitrided in nitrogen-hydrogen mixture for 4 h exhibited the highest hardness and the lowest tangential force coefficient. The wear volume of the plasma nitrided samples was lower than that of the unnitrided samples. Owing to tribochemical reactions, the wear volume of unnitrided and nitrided samples fretted against alumina ball was higher than that of the samples fretted against Ti-6Al-4V. A consistent trend was not observed regarding which nitriding condition would result in lower wear volume at different loads.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Performance of Plasma-Nitrided Al0.3CrFe1.5MnNi0.5 High-Entropy Alloys

This study investigates the effect of plasma nitriding at 798?K (525?°C) on microstructures and the mechanical performance of Al_0.3CrFe_1.5MnNi_0.5 high-entropy alloys (HEAs) obtained using different cast and wrought processing. All the alloys can be well nitride, with a thickness of around 80???m, and attain a peak hardness level around Hv 1300 near the surface. The main nitride phases are CrN, AlN, and (Mn, Fe)₄N. Those of the substrates are bcc, fcc, Al-, and Ni-rich B2 precipitates, and ?? phase. Their relative amounts depend on the prior processing and also change under the heat treatment during nitriding. The formation of ?? phase during nitriding could in-situ harden the substrate to attain the suitable level required for wear applications. This gives the advantage in simplifying the processing for making a wear-resistance component or a mold since austenitizing, quench hardening, and tempering required for steels such as SACM and SKD steels are no longer required and final finishing can be accomplished before nitriding. Nitrided Al_0.3CrFe_1.5MnNi_0.5 samples have much better wear resistance than un-nitrided ones by 49 to 80?times and also exhibit superior adhesive wear resistance to conventional nitrided alloys: nitriding steel SACM-645 (AISI 7140), 316 stainless steel, and hot-mold steel SKD-61 (AISI H13) by 22 to 55?times depending on prior processing. The superiority is due to the fact that the present nitrided alloys possess a much thicker highly hardened layer than the conventional alloys.