小脑分水岭梗死患者临床及影像学特点分析

目的分析小脑分水岭梗死患者的临床特点及影像学特征。方法收集房山区第一医院神经内科2011-09-2014-12住院的小脑梗死患者147例,均行头颅MRI、椎动脉彩超、经颅多普勒(TCD)、颅内动脉核磁血管造影(MRA)检查,必要时进行计算机断层摄影血管造影(CTA)和/或数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查。根据小脑梗死部位将患者分为小脑区域性梗死组和小脑分水岭梗死组,比较两组患者的危险因素、临床及影像学特点。结果 (1)小脑区域性脑梗死109例,小脑分水岭梗死38例(25.9%),两组在年龄、性别构成以及合并高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、吸烟及心房纤颤比例比较无统计学差异。(2)与区域性脑梗死比较,小脑分水岭脑梗死组失水状态、晕厥等前驱症状发生率较高(21.1%比9.2%,P=0.026),后循环多发病灶发生率较低(21.1%比38.5%,P=0.002),NHISS评分低(2.7±1.9比6.1±2.5,P=0.000)。(3)两组小脑梗死患者发生后循环大血管病变比例无统计学差异(52.6%比36.7%,P=0.085);分析非心源性脑梗死病例发现,分水岭梗死存在大动脉狭窄几率高于区域性脑梗死(47.4%比30.2%,P=0.002)。结论小脑分水岭梗死与区域性脑梗死相比危险因素相同,病因略有不同。分水岭梗死患者临床症状轻,但前驱症状发生率高。     

203例急性脑梗死患者脑供血动脉分布特点与分析

目的运用数字减影血管造影(Digital subtraction angiography DSA)技术,探讨急性脑梗死患者脑供血动脉狭窄的特点及侧枝循环代偿情况。方法回顾性分析203例急性脑梗死患者的DSA检查结果,明确脑供血动脉狭窄发生率、狭窄部位、程度及侧枝循环建立情况。结果 203例患者中发现单纯颅内动脉狭窄78例(43.09%),单纯颅外动脉狭窄46例(25.41%),颅内、颅外动脉均存在狭窄者57例(31.49%)。198处颅内动脉狭窄中,大脑中动脉狭窄72处(36.55%);214处颅外动脉狭窄中,颈内动脉颅外段狭窄77处(35.98%),椎动脉颅外段狭窄71处(33.18%)。分析可能引起同一侧枝循环途径的病变共174处,发现侧枝循环118例,Willis环代偿所占比例较高,其次为软脑膜吻合支。重度狭窄及闭塞组侧枝循环代偿发生率明显高于轻、中度狭窄组(P<0.05)。结论急性脑梗死患者颅内动脉狭窄发生率高于颅外,颅内动脉狭窄好发于大脑中动脉,颅外动脉狭窄好发于颈内动脉颅外段及椎动脉颅外段。侧枝循环途径以Willis环最常见,软脑膜吻合支次之,严重的脑供血动脉狭窄更易发生侧枝循环代偿。     

缺血性脑卒中患者的数字减影脑血管造影的研究

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中患者全脑血管造影的特点。方法对243例缺血性脑卒中患者进行全脑血管造影检查,回顾性分析脑动脉颅内动脉狭窄、颅外动脉狭窄的发生率及其分布情况。结果在243例缺血性脑卒中180例（74.07%）存在脑动脉狭窄或闭塞,前循环动脉狭窄或闭塞82例（45.46%）,后循环52例（28.89%）,前后循环均有46例（25.56%）。颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞48例（26.67%）,颅外动脉86例（47.78%）,颅内、外动脉均有46例（25.56%）。180例中共发现狭窄血管356支,单支血管病变82例,多支血管病变98例。颅外血管狭窄以颈内动脉颅外段最多,颅内血管狭窄以椎动脉颅内段和大脑中动脉为多。结论脑血管造影可以准确地评价缺血性脑卒中患者脑动脉狭窄的分布情况及其程度,为临床提供了诊治依据。     

急性分水岭区脑梗死-凸面蛛网膜下腔出血三例

目的探讨颈动脉颅内或颅外段狭窄或闭塞导致后分水岭区凸面蛛网膜下腔出血(cSAH)与前循环急性脑梗死(ACI)的发病机制、影像学特征及治疗,以提高对该类型卒中的认识。方法报道3例颈动脉颅内或颅外段狭窄或闭塞导致cSAH患者的临床表现、CT和MRI所见及治疗。结果 3例患者临床表现以局灶性神经功能损害为主,且均存在动脉粥样硬化的危险因素,头颅CT显示病变对侧大脑皮质沟高密度影,并出现新发梗死灶。MRA证实例1病变侧颈动脉颅内及颅外段狭窄,例2病变侧大脑中动脉闭塞,例3病变侧颈动脉颅内段狭窄。结论颈动脉颅内或颅外段狭窄或闭塞导致的急性分水岭区ACI可以cSAH为首发表现。     

青年缺血性脑卒中患者脑血管病变的特点

目的 应用数字减影血管造影（DSA）了解青年缺血性脑卒中脑血管病变的特点。方法 选择连续行主动脉弓＋全脑血管造影检查的青年（年龄15～44岁）缺血性脑卒中患者136例，并分成15～30岁、31～44岁2组，分析血管病变的类型、数目和部位。结果 136例患者中有68．4％异常，38．8％患者存在2支或2支以上的血管病变，且在30～44岁组中常见（2组比较P＜0．05）；61．2%患者为单支血管病变，后者主要分布在颅内血管，但2组无差异（P＞0．05）；血管病变的部位依次为颈内动脉颅外段、大脑中动脉、椎动脉、颈内动脉颅内段、大脑前动脉等。同时发现MoyaMoya病8例，动脉夹层5例，动脉发育不良4例。结论 青年人缺血性脑卒中的血管病变异常率高，颅内、颅外段大血管狭窄均较常见，动脉夹层和变异也是缺血性脑卒中的原因之一。     

颈动脉和椎动脉系统颅外段均狭窄或闭塞患者的血管病变对首发缺血性卒中的影响

目的研究颈动脉和椎动脉系统颅外段均狭窄或闭塞患者的血管病变特点对首发卒中发生于前循环或后循环的影响。方法通过南京卒中登记系统检索颈动脉和椎动脉系统颅外段均狭窄的患者,按其首发卒中位于前循环或后循环分成两组,总结比较两组患者的血管病变特点。结果 160例患者入选,93例（58.1%）以前循环卒中为首发（A组）,67例（41.9%）患者以后循环卒中为首发（B组）。A组中51例（54.8%）前循环血管狭窄程度大于后循环血管,B组中18例（22.9%）前循环血管狭窄程度大于后循环血管。A组左锁骨下动脉椎动脉开口近端狭窄22例（16.5%）,B组3例（3.3%）。结论在颈动脉和椎动脉颅外段均狭窄或闭塞的患者中,前循环血管狭窄严重的病例更倾向于以前循环卒中首发,合并左锁骨下动脉椎动脉开口近端狭窄的患者更容易以前循环卒中首发。     

脑动脉狭窄的分布及影像学评估研究进展

我国10%～20%的缺血性卒中患者是由脑动脉狭窄所致,究其病因主要是动脉粥样硬化。 我国缺血性卒中患者颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄发生率高于颅外动脉。因此,颅内外动脉粥样硬化性 狭窄的早期诊断对预防卒中的发生具有重要临床意义。目前,磁共振血管成像（magnetic resonance angiography,MRA）、高分辨率磁共振成像（high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging,HRMRI）、计算 机断层扫描血管造影（computed tomography angiography,CTA）、数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography,DSA）等影像学检查已广泛应用于颅内外动脉狭窄的评估。通过血管影像学显示狭窄分 布差异,从而探索卒中的发病机制已成为近些年研究的热点,本文就缺血性卒中患者的脑动脉狭窄 分布规律及影像学评估的研究进展情况做一综述。     

彩色多普勒超声联合DSA在脑分水岭梗死颅外段动脉评价中的作用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)联合全脑数字减影血管造影(DSA)对脑分水岭梗死患者颅外段动脉评价中的作用。方法分析本院2008年1月至2011年12月的92例脑分水岭梗死患者的临床及影像学资料,比较颈部CDFI及DSA两种检查手段对颅外段动脉评价中的优缺点;比较皮质分水岭梗死和内分水岭梗死的颅外段血管病变情况。结果对92例552条血管进行检查,DSA共发现52条血管狭窄,8条血管闭塞;CDFI共发现有64条血管狭窄,12条血管闭塞。两者总体对血管狭窄及闭塞的诊断比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对于动脉粥样硬化斑块性质的判断,两者之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。皮质分水岭梗死与内分水岭在动脉狭窄或闭塞及不稳定斑块方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CDFI及DSA对分水岭脑梗死颅外段供血动脉病变的判断具有重要意义且各具优缺点:DSA是诊断血管狭窄或闭塞的金标准,但对动脉硬化斑块性质的判断存在局限性;彩超能准确判断动脉粥样硬化斑块性质,但对血管狭窄或闭塞的判断存在一定的假阳性率。联合应用有助于对患者颅外段动脉的评价。     

中青年与老年脑梗死患者脑动脉狭窄分布的DSA分析

目的应用数字减影血管造影对中青年与老年脑梗死患者脑动脉狭窄的分布特征进行分析。方法选择脑梗死患者86例,根据患者年龄分为中青年组（年龄〈60岁）48例,老年组（年龄≥60岁）患者38例,应用数字减影血管造影技术（DSA）对患者脑动脉病变血管狭窄程度及分布进行分析。结果 1老年组患者在颅外动脉病变以及前循环狭窄发生率明显高于中青年组（P〈0.05）,而颅内动脉病变以及后循环狭窄发生率却明显低于中青年组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,在脑血管病变及颅内外动脉同时受累发生率上,两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;2中青年组最常见为重度狭窄,发生率高于轻度及中度狭窄（P〈0.05）,好发部位为椎动脉开口处,发生率高于颈内动脉起始段及大脑中动脉MI段（P〈0.05）;老年组最常见为重度狭窄（P〈0.05）,好发部位为椎动脉开口处及颈内动脉起始段,发生率高于大脑中动脉MI段（P〈0.05）。结论中青年患者最常受累血管为颅内血管,病变发生部位多以椎动脉起始处居多;老年患者最常受累血管为颅外血管,最常受累血管为椎动脉起始处及颈内动脉。     

110例脑梗死患者的全脑数字减影血管造影的临床研究

目的探讨脑梗死患者与颅内-颅外段动脉狭窄或闭塞的关系及其临床意义。方法选择符合脑梗死诊断标准的110例患者行全脑数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,对颈内动脉系统脑梗死(ICA-CI)和椎-基动脉系统脑梗死(VB-CI)患者的颅内-颅外段动脉狭窄或闭塞进行分析比较。结果 110例脑梗死患者中85例(77.27%)有动脉狭窄或闭塞。其中25例(22.73%)为单纯颅外段动脉狭窄或闭塞,41例(37.27%)为单纯颅内段动脉狭窄或闭塞,19例(17.27%)为颅内-颅外段动脉多发性狭窄或闭塞。DSA共检出动脉狭窄或闭塞173支,颅外动脉段狭窄或闭塞65支(37.57%),颅内段动脉狭窄或闭塞108支(62.43%)。颅内段动脉狭窄或闭塞发生率(62.43%)明显高于颅外段动脉(37.57%)。颅外段动脉狭窄或闭塞的好发部位依次为:颈内动脉颅外段26支(15.03%),椎动脉颅外段19支(10.98%),颈总动脉14支(8.09%),锁骨下动脉6支(3.47%)。颅内段动脉狭窄或闭塞的好发部位依次为:大脑中动脉37支(21.39%),颈内动脉颅内段25支(14.45%),椎动脉颅内段18支(10.40%),大脑后动脉11支(6.36%),大脑前动脉9支(5.20%),基底动脉8支(4.62%)。ICA-CI组单纯颅外段动脉狭窄或闭塞高于VB-CI组(P<0.05),ICA-CI组单纯颅内段动脉狭窄或闭塞高于VB-CI组(P<0.01),ICA-CI组颅内-颅外段动脉多发狭窄或闭塞低于VB-CI组(P<0.05)。ICA-CI组单纯颅内段动脉狭窄或闭塞高于单纯颅外段动脉窄或闭塞,VB-CI组单纯颅内动脉段狭窄或闭塞高于单纯颅外动脉段狭窄或闭塞(P<0.05)。动脉狭窄及粥样硬化斑块与年龄、高血压、低血压、糖尿病、高甘油三酯(TG)、高总胆固醇(TC)、高低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、冠心病、肥胖、吸烟、酗洒有密切关系(均P<0.05)。结论 DSA检查有助于脑梗死患者的颅内-颅外段主要供血动脉狭窄与闭塞诊断,对脑梗死的治疗有重要指导作用。     

脑分水岭梗死的颅内外血管病变的影像学研究

目的 通过观察脑分水岭梗死的影像学表现研究其颅内外血管病变特征.方法 收集上海市杨浦Ⅸ中心医院神经内科自2006年3月至2007年3月收治的29例均经DSA检查且影像学表现为分水岭梗死患者的影像学资料,对其血管病变因素进行回顾性分析.结果 在29例表现为分水岭梗死的患者中,DSA提示18例患者存在大脑中动脉病变,6例存在颈内动脉病变.结论 颅内外大动脉病变为脑分水岭梗死的主要发病机制之一,主要表现为大脑中动脉及颈内动脉病变.     

New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation registry

Among 407 New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation registry patients, 59% had strokes without transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), 24% had TIAs then strokes, and 16% had only TIAs. Embolism was the commonest stroke mechanism (40% of patients including 24% cardiac origin, 14% intraarterial, 2% cardiac and arterial sources). In 32% large artery occlusive lesions caused hemodynamic brain ischemia. Infarcts most often included the distal posterior circulation territory (rostral brainstem, superior cerebellum and occipital and temporal lobes); the proximal (medulla and posterior inferior cerebellum) and middle (pons and anterior inferior cerebellum) territories were equally involved. Severe occlusive lesions (>50% stenosis) involved more than one large artery in 148 patients; 134 had one artery site involved unilaterally or bilaterally. The commonest occlusive sites were: extracranial vertebral artery (52 patients, 15 bilateral) intracranial vertebral artery (40 patients, 12 bilateral), basilar artery (46 patients). Intraarterial embolism was the commonest mechanism of brain infarction in patients with vertebral artery occlusive disease. Thirty-day mortality was 3.6%. Embolic mechanism, distal territory location, and basilar artery occlusive disease carried the poorest prognosis. The best outcome was in patients who had multiple arterial occlusive sites; they had position-sensitive TIAs during months to years.     

Risk factors for occlusive lesions of intracranial arteries in stroke-free Japanese.

The aim of this study was to identify relevant risk factors for occlusive lesions of the intracranial arteries in stroke-free population. The subjects of this study were 425 patients without a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack and without any abnormality on a neurological examination who consecutively visited a neurology clinic between January 1994 and June 2001 requesting medical evaluation for possible cerebrovascular diseases. Subjects included 245 men and 180 women ranging in age from 33 to 89 years (mean+/-SD=64.0+/-10.0 years). We performed cervical and intracranial magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in all subjects. Using a validated rating scheme of MRA for occlusive lesions, we evaluated the degree of stenoses in the extracranial portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the intracranial arteries including the intracranial portion of the ICA, middle cerebral artery (MCA) stem, intracranial portion of the vertebral artery (VA), and basilar artery (BA). More than 25% stenoses were regarded as significant lesions in this study. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that significant and independent predictors for extracranial ICA lesions were age, hyperlipidemia, and ischemic heart disease (IHD), those for intracranial ICA lesions were age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and IHD, those for MCA lesions were age and hypertension, those for intracranial VA lesions were hyperlipidemia and IHD, and those for BA lesions were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The present study suggested that atherosclerosis of the intracranial VA was related to hyperlipidemia and IHD as was the case for the extracranial carotid artery, whilst atherosclerosis of other sites of intracranial arteries was associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in stroke-free Japanese.     

Atherothrombotic cerebellar infarction: vascular lesion-MRI correlation of 31 cases.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Correlation of MRI findings with atherosclerotic vascular lesions has rarely been attempted in patients with cerebellar infarction. The aim of this study was to correlate the MRI lesions with the vascular lesions seen on conventional cerebral angiography in cerebellar infarction. METHODS: The subjects included 31 patients with cerebellar infarcts who underwent both MRI and conventional cerebral angiography. We analyzed the risk factors, clinical findings, imaging study, and angiography results. We attempted to correlate MRI lesions with the vascular lesions shown in the angiograms. RESULTS: The vascular lesions seen on angiograms were subdivided into 3 groups: large-artery disease (n=22), in situ branch artery disease (n=6), and no angiographic disease with hypertension (n=3). The proximal segment (V1) lesions of vertebral artery were the most common angiographic features in patients with large-artery disease in which stroke most commonly involved the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) cerebellum. The V1 lesions with coexistent occlusive lesions of the intracranial vertebral and basilar arteries were correlated with cerebellar infarcts, which had no predilection for certain cerebellar territory. The intracranial occlusive disease without V1 lesion was usually correlated with small cerebellar lesions in PICA and superior cerebellar artery (SCA) cerebellum. The subclavian artery or brachiocephalic trunk lesion was associated with small cerebellar infarcts. The in situ branch artery disease was correlated with the PICA cerebellum lesions, which were territorial or nonterritorial infarct. No angiographic disease with hypertension was associated with small-sized cerebellar infarcts within the SCA, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, or SCA cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that the topographic heterogeneity of cerebellar infarcts are correlated with diverse angiographic findings. The result that large-artery disease, in which nonterritorial infarcts are more common than territorial infarcts, is more prevalent than in situ branch artery disease or small-artery disease, suggest that even a small cerebellar infarct can be a clue to the presence of large-artery disease.     

远外侧入路手术中椎动脉颅内段的显微解剖应用研究

目的 对椎动脉颅内段进行观察和测量,探讨远外侧人路手术中如何保护椎动脉颅内段和小脑后下动脉. 方法 手术显微镜下对20例带颈成人头颅标本模拟远外侧人路开颅,到达颈静脉孔区,显露椎动脉颅内段及其主要分支,观察其走形特点和形态,并测量相关数据. 结果椎动脉颅内段穿寰枕筋膜后在基底动脉沟与对侧椎动脉合成基底动脉.椎动脉与舌下神经关系密切,本组30侧椎动脉穿经舌下神经根的腹侧达桥脑延髓沟,8侧椎动脉穿舌下神经根丝之间,2侧椎动脉经舌下神经根丝的背侧.70%的椎动脉与舌下神经有接触,其中30%的椎动脉对舌下神经造成压迫.椎动脉颅内段主要分支有小脑后下动脉、脊髓前动脉、脑膜后动脉和一些穿动脉.小脑后下动脉是椎动脉最大的分支,本组全部发自椎动脉颅内段,行程多为袢状并同后组颅神经关系密切.小脑后下动脉的起始点因人而异,同一标本左右也不一致,大多起自椎动脉颅内段的中上1/3.本组未见小脑前下动脉起源于椎动脉.脊髓前动脉均起于双侧椎动脉的末段,在中线吻合成一单干,沿脊髓前正中裂迂曲下降供应脊髓. 结论 熟悉椎动脉颅内段及其分支的走形特点和解剖变异有助于远外侧入路到颈静脉孔区手术中识别和保护椎动脉颅内段的主要分支.     

Bilateral intracranial vertebral artery disease in the New England Medical Center, Posterior Circulation Registry.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies of patients with bilateral intracranial vertebral artery (ICVA) disease were selective and retrospective. METHODS: We studied risk factors, vascular lesions, symptoms, signs, and outcomes in patients with bilateral ICVA disease among 430 patients in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry. RESULTS: Forty-two patients had bilateral ICVA occlusive disease (18 had bilateral stenosis; 16, unilateral occlusion and contralateral stenosis; and 8, bilateral occlusion). The most common risk factors were hypertension (32/42 [76%]) and hyperlipidemia (22/42 [52%]). Sixteen patients (38%) had transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) only; 18 (43%), TIAs before stroke. Occlusive vascular disease also involved the basilar artery in 29 patients (69%), the extracranial vertebral arteries in 18 (43%), and the internal carotid arteries in 11 (26%). Only 6 patients had no other major vascular lesion. Cerebellar symptoms were common. Among 30 patients with infarction, 21 (70%) had proximal intracranial territory involvement, and 15 (50%) had distal territory involvement. The location of occlusive lesions in relation to posterior inferior cerebellar artery origins did not significantly influence prognosis. During follow-up, 31 patients had no symptoms or slight disability, 2 had progression, and 7 died. Among 7 patients with poor outcome, 6 also had basilar artery stenosis or occlusion and 5 had proximal and distal intracranial territory infarcts. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with bilateral ICVA occlusive disease have hypertension, other major occlusive lesions, and TIAs before stroke. Short- and long-term outcomes are usually favorable, but patients with bilateral ICVA and basilar artery-occlusive lesions often have poor outcomes.     

A case of brainstem and cerebellar infarctions related to basilar impression]

We report a 30-year-old man presenting with medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) syndrome after an afternoon nap. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right medial pontine tegmental infarction and right cerebellar infarctions. This patient was complicated with basilar impression detected on cervical X-ray and MRI. Three-dimensional CT angiography disclosed that the odontoid process migrated into the posterior fossa, thrusting the bilateral vertebral arteries postero-laterally. The mechanical stress on the bilateral vertebral arteries may have caused infarctions in the territories of the posterior circulation of this patient with basilar impression.     

New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Stroke Registry II. Vascular Lesions

Among 407 New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry (NEMC-PCR) patients, the extracranial (ECVA) and intracranial vertebral arteries (ICVA) were the commonest sites of severe occlusive disease followed by the basilar artery (BA). Severe occlusive lesions were found in >1 large artery in 148 patients; 134 had unilateral or bilateral severe disease at one arterial location. Single arterial site occlusive disease occurred most often in the ECVA (52 patients, 15 bilateral) followed by the ICVA (40 patients, 12 bilateral) and the BA (46 patients). Involvement of the ICVAs and the BA was very common and some patients also had ECVA lesions. Hypertension, smoking, and coronary and peripheral vascular disease were most prevalent in patients with extracranial disease while diabetes and hyperlipidemia were more common when occlusive lesions were only intracranial. Intra-arterial embolism was the most common mechanism of brain infarction in patients with ECVA and ICVA occlusive disease. ICVA occlusive lesions infrequently caused infarction limited to the proximal territory (medulla and posterior inferior cerebellum). BA lesions most often caused infarcts limited to the middle posterior circulation territory (pons and anterior inferior cerebellum). Posterior cerebral artery occlusive lesions were predominantly embolic. Penetrating artery disease caused mostly pontine and thalamic infarcts. Prognosis was poorest in patients with BA disease. The best prognosis surprisingly was in patients who had multiple arterial occlusive lesions; they often had position-sensitive transient ischemic attacks during months or years.     

116例大脑中动脉病变患者脑梗死类型分布和脑灌注异常分析

目的 应用神经影像检查,分析大脑中动脉闭塞性疾病(MCAOD)患者梗死类型分布和脑灌注异常. 方法 对经CT血管造影(CTA)证实的116例MCAOD患者的CT平扫、CT灌注成像(CTP)和CTA的影像资料进行回顾性分析,确定其脑梗死类型分布和脑灌注改变. 结果 116例患者中,CTA共检出133条大脑中动脉(MCA)狭窄或闭塞,其中单侧者99例,双侧者17例.其中MCA闭塞25条,重度狭窄39条,中、轻度狭窄69条.CT或MRI显示腔隙性脑梗死(LIS)45例,各型分水岭脑梗死(CWSI)38例,流域性脑梗死26例,纹状体内囊梗死(SCI)10例,未检出梗死病灶14例.CTP显示MCA供血区内脑血流灌注异常96例,其中58例有MCA供血区的大范围血流灌注减低.未检出血流灌注异常者37例. 结论 由于MCA狭窄的部位、程度和发病机制的不同以及侧支循环的建立,MCAOD可造成不同类型的脑梗死和血流灌注异常.     

大脑后动脉区梗死与后循环血管状态及危险因素关系

目的探讨大脑后动脉区梗死与后循环血管状态及危险因素的关系。方法回顾性收集2010年1月-2014年6月在首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科住院的经头部MRI证实的首次新发大脑后动脉区梗死的患者192例,其中171例行CT血管成像,21例行DSA,排除有可疑心源性栓子来源的患者。根据头部MRI将梗死部位分为A(中脑组)、B(丘脑组)、C(颞叶内侧组)、D(胼胝体压部组)、E(枕叶组)、F(多部位梗死组)6组。比较PCA区梗死与后循环血管状态及危险因素的关系。结果 (1)PCA区梗死病变分布:192例患者中A、B、C、D、E、F组分别为12例(6.3%)、74例(38.5%)、15例(7.8%)、11例(5.7%)、28例(14.6%)、52例(27.1%)。(2)椎-基底动脉系统血管状态:椎动脉病变66例(34.4%)合并大脑后动脉狭窄13例,基底动脉病变27例(14.1%)合并大脑后动脉狭窄2例,大脑后动脉病变45例(23.4%),未发现血管病变69例(35.9%)。(3)对PCA区梗死病变分布与后循环血管病变行单因素卡方检验:B组与基底动脉病变相关(χ~2=5.318,P=0.021);E组与PCA P4段病变相关(χ~2=18.556,P0.001);F组与椎动脉、基底动脉病变相关(χ~2=4.386,7.059;P=0.036,0.008)。(4)血管病变组与无血管病变组比较:合并高血压病差异有统计学意义(11.126,P=0.001)。结论大脑后动脉区梗死与后循环血管病变关系密切,尤其合并导致血管病变的危险因素时,更应重视血管检查,减少卒中再发。