碳纤维复合材料汽车引擎盖的设计

树脂基碳纤维复合材料具有比强度和比刚度高、密度小、耐高温、耐腐蚀等优良性能.将其应用于汽车引擎盖,在保证刚度等力学性能要求的前提下,能够有效地减轻重量,实现汽车轻量化的目的.文中选择了合适的铺层顺序和铺层角度[90°/45°/0°/-45°/90°],优化了铺层方案,满足了汽车引擎盖的性能要求.从结构方面对碳纤维复合材料汽车引擎盖进行分析,指出其优势和不足,对包括引擎盖在内的汽车覆盖件的设计具有积极的参考意义.     

碳纤维复合材料防撞梁的设计与分析

对某款乘用车的碳纤维复合材料防撞梁进行了研究。对碳纤维铺层进行了设计,通过有限元建模、施加边界条件与载荷,对碳纤维复合材料防撞梁的应力、变形与应力失效因数进行了分析,并对不同碳纤维铺层铺设角度进行了对比。通过设计与分析,使碳纤维复合材料防撞梁在满足要求的前提下,相比铝合金防撞梁质量减轻31.4%。     

铺层参数对碳纤维复合材料板的隔振性能影响研究

碳纤维复合材料铺层参数对其振动特性影响很大。以碳纤维复合材料板为研究对象,从理论上分析了碳纤维复合材料板在自由振动下的模态特性,并运用有限元模型分析了铺层参数(铺层角度,铺层厚度,铺层顺序)对碳纤维复合材料板隔振性能影响特点。结果表明,在单一铺层中,±45°的铺层隔振性能更好;铺层厚度对碳纤维复合材料板隔振性能影响不大;与循环铺层方式相比,对称铺层方式更有利于提升碳纤维复合材料板的隔振性能。     

机床用碳纤维传动轴设计与分析

根据机床传动轴的设计参数,设计了碳纤维传动轴,确定了铺层层数及厚度.在此基础上,根据碳纤维布的铺层原则,制定了6种铺层方案,通过比较几种方案的变形和应力分布,从中选取最优铺层方案.运用ANSYS有限元仿真软件,对设计的碳纤维复合材料传动轴,进行静态扭转分析和模态分析,得到其扭转性能参数和固有频率,根据仿真结果可知设计的碳纤维传动轴能够满足机床传动轴的使用要求.     

受力状态下的复合材料传动轴变形分析

以受力条件下复合材料传动轴变形为研究对象。首先,采用理论分析和有限元建模两种方法对复合材料传动轴单向受力变形规律进行了计算和比较。然后,采用有限元方法对复合材料传动轴在多重受力情况下不同材料对称铺层模式下不同铺层角的变形规律进行了求解。单向受力分析结果表明,对称铺层角为45°时有利于提高抗扭刚度,对称铺层角为0°时有利于提高复合材料轴的抗弯及轴压刚度。多重受力结果表明,对称铺层角在(0～19)°区间变形主要受扭矩影响,对称铺层角在(19～90)°区间变形主要受弯矩影响,此外还受选用的复合材料的影响。     

不同铺层方式的复合材料层合板弯曲性能的研究

以碳纤维缠绕电动节能车车架为研究对象,采用有限元分析和力学试验对比的方式研究碳纤维铺层角及铺层层数对碳纤维复合材料层合板弯曲性能的影响。以层合板铺层角度、铺层层数为变量设置试验对比组,在ANSYS Composite Prep/Post复合材料分析模块中创建层合板的有限元模型研究层合板在承受弯曲载荷时的抗弯表现。结合弯曲试验结果,分析不同铺层方式对碳纤维复合材料层合板弯曲性能的影响。结果表明:在铺设一定数量的±45°铺层的基础上,增加0°/90°正交铺层可提高层合板的静承载强度;增加铺层层数,可提高层合板的弯曲强度。     

碳纤维复合材料自行车车架轻量化设计

文中考虑到碳纤维增强复合材料轻质高强的特点,利用灰色关联分析方法对碳纤维增强复合材料自行车车架开展铺层优化设计。通过材料力学性能试验获得碳纤维增强复合材料力学性能参数,并建立碳纤维增强复合材料自行车车架有限元模型,结合正交试验设计与灰色关联分析法,综合考虑自行车车架的质量、模态频率、强度和刚度等性能指标,对碳纤维增强复合材料自行车车架进行铺层厚度和角度优化设计。优化后,与原钢质自行车车架相比,在满足性能要求的前提下,CFRP自行车车架减重78.85%,取得了较好的轻量化效果。     

大型望远镜主镜室碳纤维桁架单元的优化

为适应光学红外望远镜口径不断增大的需求,降低驱动功率,应用碳纤维复合材料对望远镜主镜室桁架进行轻量化设计。对望远镜主镜室碳纤维复合材料桁架单元铺层进行优化设计,利用进化算法选取最优铺层方案。对望远镜主镜室桁架单元建模,并利用敏感性分析及进化算法选取最佳铺层方案,设计另外3种典型铺层方案进行对比,对桁架杆单元进行静力学分析和加载实验,对桁架杆组装成的六杆三棱锥单元进行模态分析和振动测试。有限元分析和实验结果对比表明:最优铺层方案为[±45°/90°/0°/90°/0°]s。有限元分析得到该方案桁架杆单元的等效轴向刚度为8.306×106N/m,实验测得为7.463×106N/m;有限元分析得到的等效径向刚度为3 968.3 N/m,实验测得为3 344.5 N/m。该方案六杆三棱锥单元模态分析得到一阶频率为93.699 Hz,振动测试测得一阶频率为84.683 Hz。复合材料桁架杆质量比同尺寸的钢结构杆减轻了77.6%,静力学性能与动力学性能均优于同质量钢杆。最佳铺层方案的有限元分析结果和实验结果表明其静力学性能及动力学性能均优于其他方案。     

复合材料地铁车车头外罩铺层优化设计

为了充分发挥复合材料轻量化的潜能,基于OptiStruct复合材料优化技术对某地铁车车头外罩进行铺层优化设计,实现了车头外罩的轻量化。首先,以全碳纤维、玻碳层间混杂和玻碳夹芯混杂3种铺层方式作为备选方案,对复合材料车头外罩进行等代设计,初步确定最优的铺层方案;其次,针对复合材料的可设计性,分别以柔度、质量和铺层顺序为目标函数对该最优铺层方案进一步进行自由尺寸优化、尺寸优化以及铺层顺序优化,最终获得了车头外罩最佳的铺层厚度和铺层顺序。研究结果表明:在满足车头外罩刚度和复合材料应变的设计要求下,优化后的复合材料车头外罩与等代设计阶段相比质量减轻了23. 6%,与原玻璃纤维车头外罩相比质量减轻了33. 6%,轻量化效果明显。     

碳纤维复合材料低速冲击特性及损伤分析研究

针对碳纤维复合材料汽车保险杠的低速耐冲击性能问题,利用真空辅助树脂扩散成型工艺制备了不同铺层比例与铺层顺序的碳纤维复合材料试样,对其进行了简支梁低速冲击性能试验,根据低速冲击响应特性曲线及损伤模式探究了复合材料能量吸收机理;同时基于ABAQUS/Explicit对典型铺层试样建立了简支梁冲击仿真模型,利用Hashin失效准则进行失效判断,研究了低速冲击响应应力变化及损伤过程并将模拟结果与实验值进行了比较。研究结果表明:碳纤维复合材料简支梁低速冲击主要损伤模式为纤维断裂,通过增加(0,90)铺层能够提高接触力载荷与冲击韧性强度,通过在试样冲击表面铺设(±45)铺层能够缓解结构剧烈破坏。峰值载荷误差为5.1%,峰值位移误差为3.2%,证明了模型的有效性,为碳纤维复合材料保险杠提供了设计基础。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.