锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的研究现状

对近年来国内外有关尖晶石型LiMn2O4材料合成的研究作了综述。从掺杂改性，表面改性和电解液优化等几个角度分析了LiMn2O4容量衰减的改善及循环性能提高，并初步分析了尖晶石型锰酸锂的容量衰减机理。     

尖晶石LiMn2O4表面包覆氧化钴的研究

采用高温固相法合成尖晶石LiMn2O4，并以化学沉积方式对其进行包覆氧化钴的表面处理。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）等技术对表面处理前后的LiMn2O4进行表征，分析了表面处理后LiMn2O4物理特性的变化，并结合电化学性能测试，研究了表面处理及其工艺和条件对LiMn2O4电化学容量与循环性能的影响。结果表明，表面处理后LiMn2O4循环性能显著提高。随氧化物含量的增加，循环性能提高，容量降低。未经表面包覆的LiMn2O4首次充放电容量为108．13mAh／g，50次循环充放电后容量衰减26．3％。500℃加热处理的表面包覆0．5％、2％氧化钴的LiMn2O4首次循环放电容量各为118．38mAh／g、115mAh／g，经过50次充放电循环后，容量分别降低8％、7％。     

超声辅助TiO2包覆尖晶石LiMn2O4及电化学性能研究

采用超声辅助溶液法在尖晶石LiMn2O4表面包覆TiO2.通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、恒电流充放电、交流阻抗技术分析合成材料的结构、形貌及电化学性能.结果表明:TiO2包覆LiMn2O4与LiMn2O4具有相似的X射线衍射结果,衍射峰尖锐,样品颗粒大小均匀,无明显团聚.室温下0.2C充放电时,表面包覆1％TiO2的LiMn2O4首次放电比容量为123.51 mAh·g-1,略低于未包覆LiMn2O4的124.02 mAh·g-1,但在2C和4C高倍率时,表面包覆1％TiO2的LiMn2O4比容量分别为105.54和80.73 mAh·g-1,远高于未包覆的79.76和66.37 mAh·g -1.室温及55℃下以0.2C倍率循环50后,表面包覆1％ TiO2的LiMn2O4容量保持率分别为91.69％和87.36％,远高于未包覆LiMn2O4的86.58％和78.02％.室温下以1C倍率循环100次后,表面包覆1％ TiO2的容量保持率比未包覆LiMn2O4高出3.75％.表面包覆TiO2后LiMn2O4的循环性能得到了大大的提高,尤其是高温循环性能.     

尖晶石LiMn2O4表面改性的研究与新进展

LiMn2O4作为未来锂离子电池正极材料的基材，一直是人们研究的热点。但高温下与循环中容量衰减的问题，是制约它商品化的最重要因素。笔者详细阐述了近年来有关尖晶石LiMn2O4容量衰减机理和表面改性的研究与最新进展。     

Al_2O_3预包覆尖晶石LiMn_2O_4的电化学性能

将Li2CO3和电解二氧化锰混合球磨,得到尖晶石(LiMn2O4,简称为LMO)的前驱体,采用化学沉积法在前驱体的预烧产物表面包覆Al(OH)3,然后在750℃/6h条件下煅烧,得到Al2O3/LiMn2O4复合粉末(称为Al2O3预包覆,包覆粉末记为P-LMO);同时采用传统方法,在前驱体的煅烧产物(LiMn2O4粉末)表面包覆Al(OH)3,然后在300℃/3h条件下热处理,得到Al2O3/LiMn2O4复合粉末(称为煅烧包覆,复合粉末记为C-LMO),对这2种包覆法制备的Al2O3/LiMn2O4复合粉末的物相结构、形貌、包覆层的厚度与粒度分布等进行对比分析,并对包覆粉末进行电化学性能测试。结果表明,Al2O3均匀地包覆在LiMn2O4的表面,包覆层厚度约为10nm;Al2O3/LiMn2O4复合粉末的晶格常数随Al2O3包覆量增加而增加;预包覆粉末颗粒呈类球形,平均粒径(0.3μm)明显小于煅烧包覆的平均粒径(0.5μm);预包覆粉末的Al2O3包覆层能有效减少循环过程中电荷转移阻抗的增加,并减少Mn的溶解,其循环性能优于煅烧包覆粉末。在3.2~4.5V的充放电区间内,Al2O3包覆量(摩尔分数)为2%的预包覆LiMn2O4材料显示出优良的电化学性能,55℃下0.1C的首次放电容量为114.0(mA·h)/g,0.5C倍率下50次循环后容量保持率为87.3%。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的研究现状

尖晶石相LiMn2O4具有价格低、无毒、制备简单等特点,因此有着很好的应用前景,被看作最有可能成为新一代商用锂离子电池的正极材料。文章简要介绍了锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的研究现状,主要包括材料的各种制备技术、当前LiMn2O4材料研究存在的主要问题及抑制其容量衰减的解决方案。     

纳米材料在锂离子电池中的应用进展

介绍了纳米材料在锂离子电池中的应用及进展情况。主要介绍了在锂离子电池中用作阴极材料的锰钡矿型MaO2纳米材料、聚吡咯包覆尖晶石型LiMn2O4纳米管、聚吡咯／V2O5纳米复合材料，用作阳极材料的碳纳米管、纳米掺杂碳材料、纳米二氧化锡，用作固态电解质的纳米填料修饰聚氧乙烯基复合材料等几种新型纳米化学电源材料的制备、结构、形貌以及电化学性质。     

反应球磨合成尖晶石LiMn_2O_4及其电化学性能

以KMnO4、MnSO4·H2O和LiOH·H2O为原料,采用反应球磨法合成了LiMn2O4。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对产物的结构和表面形貌进行表征。结果表明,反应球磨后生成了LiMn2O4、Li2SO4·H2O和KLiSO4,水洗后的产物为尖晶石LiMn2O4,但结晶度不高;经800℃保温30 min后LiMn2O4晶型完整,颗粒细小,粒径分布均匀,平均粒径为500 nm左右。电化学测试结果表明,LiMn2O4在0.2、0.5、1、3 C下的首次充放电比容量分别为115.8、107.0、105.5、98.2 mA.h/g。材料循环性能良好,10次循环后容量衰减仅3.2%。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的改性研究

为改善尖晶石LiMn2O4的循环性能，采用高温固相法合成了由Li2CO3改性的尖晶石锂锰氧化物，研究了Li2CO3添加量对LiMn2O4性能的影响。通过XRD，Rietveld精细XRD分析和模拟电池等方法对产物的结构和电化学性能进行了表征与测试。结果表明，部分Li进入到尖晶石LiMn2O4的晶格中，增强了材料充放电循环过程中的结构稳定性。随着Li2CO3量的增加，产物的循环稳定性增加。当Li2CO3的加入量为0．06摩尔比时，10次循环后的高温容量衰减由改性前的15％降低到6．8％。     

锂离子电池正极材料锰酸锂的钴酸锂包覆研究

介绍了一种用溶胶-凝胶法制备包覆LiCoO2的LiMn2O4的方法。以乙二醇为螯合剂,将商业化的LiMn2O4加入到醋酸钴和醋酸锂的混合溶液中,调节pH值,在水浴中搅拌后离心分离,并在高温条件下煅烧即得到产品。利用X-射线衍射、差热—热重分析、透射电子显微镜以及充放电性能测试等分析方法来考察包覆LiCoO2的质量、煅烧温度和煅烧时间对晶体结构和电化学性能的影响。通过电化学性能测试表明,在最佳工艺条件下制备的LiCoO2包覆LiMn2O4材料的电化学比容量(115mAh/g)明显高于未包覆的LiMn2O4材料(110mAh/g),充放电循环次数明显高于其它合成条件下的样品,在20℃下的循环电化学比容量持有率大于85%。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.