导电碳黑连接TiO2和染料分子提高染料敏化太阳能电池的光电性能

通常,染料敏化纳米太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSCs)使用纳米金属氧化物来作为光阳极,如纳米TiO2,作为N型半导体通过连接染料来建立光阳极的。在光阳极中金属氧化物连接染料使DSSC的吸收光谱扩展到可见光谱区。文章研究在光阳极中添加导电碳黑使其成为纳米TiO2和染料之间的纽带。实验中使用粉末涂敷法在透光率约90%导电玻璃上涂覆纳米TiO2层在450℃烧结30 min,自然冷却然后再浸在染料和碳黑的混合物中敏化制得光阳极。添加的导电碳黑起到催化剂的作用,有助于染料电子的激发和纳米TiO2导带的增加并且减小了复合阻抗。结果表明,添加0.05 g导电碳黑的DSSCs光电性能最佳。开路电压增加了约33.9%,短路电流密度从4.385 mA/cm2增加到7.637mA/cm2。     

染料敏化太阳能电池及敏化剂研究进展

随着太阳能利用技术的飞速发展,染料敏化太阳能电池的研究也取得了长足的进步。在对染料敏化太阳能电池结构分析和机理描述的基础上,对高性能染料敏化太阳能电池的光敏剂结构、光阳极组成、电解质成分以及对电极材料等的要求进行了探讨。同时,阐述了染料敏化太阳能电池常用表征参数,短路电流和开路电压越大,转化效率越高,电池性能越好。重点分析了染料敏化剂结构对DSSC性能的影响,相比而言,金属类敏化剂效率高,非金属类敏化剂成本低,发展潜力更好;共敏化和辅助敏化是提高染料敏化太阳能电池性能的主要途径。     

电泳沉积法制备多层膜染料敏化太阳能电池

将纳米TiO2颗粒以电泳沉积法披覆于导电玻璃上,同时整合光电极、反电极、电解质及染料制备出染料敏化太阳能电池.首先将TiO2纳米颗粒与异丙醇所混合的电泳悬浮液通过电泳技术沉积出适当厚度的多层膜结构;精确控制制程中的电流、电压与沉积时间而获得单层厚度为3.3μm的TiO2薄膜.此多层膜通过低温烧结增加其致密性及染料披覆效果.最后将此多层薄膜作为工作电极,封装成染料敏化太阳能电池,经由I-V曲线检测结果显示,所制染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率为5.29%,且这种染料敏化太阳能电池的制造成本十分低廉.     

TiO_2致密层的制备及对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的研究

采用旋涂法在导电玻璃上制备TiO_2致密层来抑制电子的复合。采用以月桂胺盐酸盐作为形貌控制剂的溶胶凝胶法制备粒径8~10 nm的TiO_2致密层颗粒。引入该TiO_2致密层的染料敏化太阳能电池的短路电流密度(J_(sc))提高了15.1%,光电转化效率(η)提高了25.6%,开路电压(V_(oc))没有明显的变化。短路电流密度的大幅度提升说明该TiO_2致密层可以有效抑制导电玻璃上电子与电解液中氧化还原电对的电子复合。     

商陆色素敏化TiO_2薄膜太阳能电池的初步研究

本文从商陆科植物商陆（Phytolacca acinosa Roxb）浆果中提取一种紫红水溶性色素,进行了敏化TiO2电极制备太阳能电池实验。结果表明：在紫外线强度134×100uw/cm2的模拟太阳光照射下,所制成的染料敏化电池可以产生0.13V的开路电压和0.007mA的短路电流;在紫外线强度90×100uw/cm...     

紫甘蓝天然染料敏化三氧化二铋太阳能电池研究

对紫甘蓝天然染料敏化Bi2O3太阳能电池进行了研究。考察了Bi2O3薄膜的制备温度、染料吸附对Bi2O3太阳能电池性能的影响。结果表明,紫甘蓝天然染料作为敏化剂明显改善Bi2O3太阳能电池的光电性能。Bi2O3薄膜在500℃煅烧4h,在染料中吸附12h的太阳能电池的开路电压为0.250V,短路电流为0.063mA·cm-2。     

ZnO/SnO2复合膜敏化太阳电池的研究

采用溶胶-水热法制备了平均径拉为30nmZnO/SnO2复合胜,利用XRD,SEM对其晶相组成及表面形貌进行了表征.以N3染料作为光敏化剂,制备了染料敏化ZnO/SnO2复合膜太阳电池,光电测试结果表明:模拟太阳光下(100mW·cm-2),当物质的量比为nZnO:nSoO2-2时,其开路电压620mV,短路电流14.53mA/cm2,填充因子0.583,总光电转化效率为5.25%.并分析了膜结构及组成对光电性能的影响.     

含芴酮桥基纯有机光敏染料的合成及性能

设计合成了以芴酮为π桥基的纯有机光敏染料BFA,并利用高分辨质谱(HRMS)、核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)及核磁共振碳谱(13CNMR)对其结构进行了表征。研究了该染料的光物理和电化学性质,并将其应用于染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)的制作中。在100 mW/cm2(AM 1.5)模拟太阳光的照射下,由其所制作的敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率为2.51%;开路电压(Voc)、短路电流密度(Jsc)、填充因子(FF)分别为0.73 V、4.46 mA/cm2和0.77。     

液相沉积纳米TiO2薄膜及后热处理对染料敏化太阳能电池的影响

以液相沉积法在常温下于ITO透明导电玻璃上制备染料敏化二氧化钛太阳能电池中的二氧化钛层,并加以封装成ITO glass/[TiO2(N3 dye)]/I2 LiI electrolyte/Pt/ITO glass组件,探讨不同后热处理温度对于二氧化钛层的微观结构及染料敏化太阳电池组件光伏特性的影响.实验结果显示:随着热处理温度的提高,TiO2薄膜由非晶转为锐钛矿相结构,表面生成许多小缝隙、锥突及纤毛,使组件短路光电流明显提升10倍以上.最高短路光电流0.036 mA/cm2发生在沉积24 h并经600 ℃后热处理的镀膜上.     

不同浓度TiCl_4浸渍的SnO_2光阳极对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响

采用溶剂热法制备出花状Sn O2晶体,然后在FTO导电玻璃上制得Sn O2薄膜。将Sn O2薄膜在不同浓度Ti Cl4溶液中浸渍1 h,并经450℃煅烧30 min得到Sn O2-Ti O2复合薄膜光阳极。经N3染料浸渍后,与Pt对电极,I–/I3–电解质组装成染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC),测试了DSSC的性能。结果表明:Ti Cl4浸泡有利于提高Sn O2-DSSC的光电性能,当Ti Cl4浓度为0.15 mol/L时,Sn O2-Ti O2-DSSC的短路电流(Jsc)和开路电压(Voc)分别达到11.30 m A/cm2和0.55 V,电池的光电转换效率达到3.24%,与纯花状Sn O2-DSSC相比提高了近4倍。分析了不同浓度的Ti Cl4对光阳极的电子输运和光电转换效率的影响机制。     

Preparation of TiO₂ nanowires/nanotubes using polycarbonate membranes and their uses in dye-sensitized solar cells

Track-etched polycarbonate (PC) membranes were used as a soft template to synthesize mesoporous TiO(2) for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The Ti precursor infiltrated into the cylindrical confined spaces of PC membranes. Upon calcination at 500 °C, TiO(2) nanowires (15TNW) were obtained from PC with a 15 nm pore diameter, whereas TiO(2) nanotubes (50TNT and 100TNT) were generated from PC with 50 and 100 nm diameter pores, respectively. TNW and TNT were used as photoelectrodes in DSSCs employing a polymer electrolyte. The ranking of the cell efficiencies of the 200 nm thick TiO(2) films was 50TNT (1.1%) > 15TNW (0.8%) ? 100TNT (0.7%), which was mostly attributed to different amounts of dye adsorption due to different surface areas. These TNW and TNT films were further coated with the graft copolymer-directed mesoporous TiO(2) and were used as interfacial layers between the FTO glass and the 4 μm thick nanocrystalline TiO(2) film. As a result, the order of energy conversion efficiency was 15TNW (5.0%) ? 50TNT (4.8%) > 100TNT (4.1%). The improved performance of 15TNW was due to a higher transmittance through the electrode and a longer electron lifetime for recombination. The DSSC performance was systematically investigated in terms of interfacial resistance and charge recombination using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.     

Photovoltaic property dependence of dye-sensitized solar cells on sheet resistance of FTO substrate deposited via spray pyrolysis

F-doped SnO₂ (FTO) glass substrate was successfully fabricated via spray-pyrolysis deposition for use as a transparent conducting substrate in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). To investigate the performance dependence of DSSCs on the sheet resistance of the FTO films, three types of FTO films with sheet resistance values of 2 Ω/□, 4 Ω/□, and 10 Ω/□ were fabricated. Commercial FTO films having a sheet resistance of 15 Ω/□ were prepared for comparison. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of FTO films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the four-point probe method, and UV–vis spectrometry. The photocurrent–voltage data show that DSSCs fabricated with a sheet resistance of 2 Ω/□ exhibit the best photoconversion effciency (～5.5%) among the four samples. The performance improvement of DSSCs is due to improved short-circuit current density (～13.7 mA/cm²) and fill factor (～62.3%).     

多孔TiO2纳米薄膜修饰的镍基光电极的制备和性能

引　言近年来 ,随着全球环境污染的进一步加剧 ,人们对清洁、无毒、可重复使用的能源———氢气的制备、储存及应用的研究日益重视 .其中 ,利用太阳能光解水或光助电解水为最理想的制氢途径 . 1972年 ,Ｆｕｊｉｓｈｉｍａ和Ｈｏｎｄａ[1] 发现光照下ＴｉＯ2 光电极可分解水制氢气 .此后 ,ＴｉＯ2 成为进行光化学转换及光催化降解有机物的重要的半导体材料 .近年来 ,纳米半导体材料的研究日新月异 ,在光催化、光电转换、光化学转换方面表现出诱人的应用前景 .通常制备ＴｉＯ2 的工艺有离子溅射法[2 ] 、热氧化法[3] 、电化学沉积法[4 ] 、化…     

Photoelectrocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> films prepared using the sol–gel method with tri-block copolymer as structure directing agent

Mesoporous TiO₂ films were synthesized using a sol–gel process with a tri-block copolymer (Pluronic F127) as a structure directing agent. The films were dip-coated onto conductive glass substrates followed by thermal treatment to remove the polymeric surfactant. The specific surface area, the pore size and morphology, and the crystallinity of the films were characterized. The analysis showed the structural properties of the films could be tailored by varying the surfactant concentration as well as the annealing temperature. The photocurrent responses of the prepared films were measured using a three-electrode photoelectrochemical cell in the presence of oxalic acid. When annealed at 450 °C, the dense electrode (control sample) had the strongest photoelectrocatalytic oxidation aptitude toward oxalic acid. The lower photocurrent response of the mesoporous electrodes compared to the dense electrode can be explained by poor inter-particle connectivity within the mesoporous TiO₂ network, leading to high electron transport resistance. The mesoporous electrode annealed at 550 °C, with improved connectivity, outperformed the dense electrode at a high oxalic concentration, as the lower surface area of the dense electrode restricted photoelectrocatalysis reactions on the surface. A further increase in annealing temperature to 650 °C resulted in a poor photocurrent response as the significant decrease in surface area outweighed the beneficial effect of improved connectivity.     

Pt/TiO2介孔膜的制备及其光催化性能研究

以F127为介孔模板剂,钛酸异丙酯为前驱体,溶胶-凝胶法在载玻片上制备了TiO2介孔膜,用光还原法在TiO2膜表面沉积贵金属Pt,用SEM、XRD、XPS等对TiO2膜进行了表征。结果表明：TiO2膜具有介孔结构,为锐钛矿晶型,沉积在TiO2表面的Pt主要以单质形式存在。光催化结果表明介孔TiO2膜具有较高的光催化活性,表面沉积贵金属Pt后,光催化活性大大提高。     

多孔TiO2纳米薄膜修饰的镍基光电极的制备和性能

引言 近年来,随着全球环境污染的进一步加剧,人们对清洁、无毒、可重复使用的能源--氢气的制备、储存及应用的研究日益重视.     

Ga-doped ZnO transparent electrodes with TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> blocking layer/nanoparticles for dye-sensitized solar cells

Ga-doped ZnO [GZO] thin films were employed for the transparent electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells [DSSCs]. The electrical property of the deposited GZO films was as good as that of commercially used fluorine-doped tin oxide [FTO]. In order to protect the GZO and enhance the photovoltaic properties, a TiO₂ blocking layer was deposited on the GZO surface. Then, TiO₂ nanoparticles were coated on the blocking layer, and dye was attached for the fabrication of DSSCs. The fabricated DSSCs with the GZO/TiO₂ glasses showed an enhanced conversion efficiency of 4.02% compared to the devices with the normal GZO glasses (3.36%). Furthermore, they showed better characteristics even than those using the FTO glasses, which can be attributed to the reduced charge recombination and series resistance.     

Enhanced performance of a dye-sensitized solar cell with an electrodeposited-platinum counter electrode

A counter electrode was prepared for a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) through electrochemical deposition of mesoporous platinum on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass in the presence of a structure-directing nonionic surfactant, octaethylene glycol monohexadecyl ether (C₁₆EO₈). The DSSC fabricated with the electrochemically deposited Pt (ED-Pt) counter electrode rendered a higher solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 7.6%, compared with approximately 6.4% of the cells fabricated with the sputter-deposited or most commonly-employed thermal deposited Pt counter electrodes. This enhanced efficiency is attributed to the higher short-circuit photocurrent arising from the increases in the active surface area and light reflection as well as the decrease in the sheet resistance of the ED-Pt film, relative to those of the Pt films prepared by the other two deposition methods. The sputter-deposited Pt film yielded almost the same photovoltaic characteristics as the thermal deposited Pt film. The Pt films were characterized by FE-SEM, AFM, cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, sheet resistance measurements, adhesion tests, and light reflection tests.     

Improved photocurrent of a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-ClO₄⁻/TiO₂ thin film-modified counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

We prepared a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-ClO??-supported TiO? thin-film electrode as a counter electrode on a transparent conductive oxide glass electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using a combination of sol-gel and electropolymerization methods. The photocurrent-voltage characteristics indicate that DSSCs with PEDOT-ClO??/TiO? thin-film counter electrodes had a high photovoltaic conversion efficiency similar to that of PEDOT-ClO??/TiO? particle composite-film electrodes. Furthermore, it was found that the photocurrent was increased by attaching a reflector to the opposite side of the transparent counter electrode.     

染料敏化太阳能电池TiO2电极的制备及电解质的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶水热法制备了锐钛矿型纳米晶TiO2薄膜电极,在乙二醇碳酸酯（EC）／1,2-丙二醇碳酸酯（PC）电解液体系中,研究了12和KI含量对电极光电性能的影响,发现随着电解液中12含量的增加,电池的短路光电流呈现先增加后减小的趋势,但光电流增加和减少的幅度并不大,同时体系的暗电流不断增加,光电压不断下降;随着电解液中KI含量的增加,电池的短路光电流也不断增加,当KI的含量大于0．2mol／L时,电池的短路光电流的增加的趋势减缓．并对电解液中I2和KI含量对电池光电性能影响的原因进行了初步的探讨．