城市轨道交通站域公共空间重塑——以巴黎雷阿勒改造项目为例

雷阿勒街区是巴黎的公共交通枢纽,其中建于20世纪70年代末的综合体建筑与公其花园逐渐暴露出一些社会问题。2010年开始动工的雷阿勒改造项目针对现存问题进行改造更新,改建后的雷阿勒将成为一个全新的城市公共空间和商业中心。运用城市设计的思想,从交通系统、公共花园和城市综合体＂天篷＂三个方面,结合图示语言阐释了改造方案的价值,并分析了对我国现阶段城市综合体建设的借鉴意义。     

Accessible and Inclusive Public Space: The Regeneration of Waterfront in Informal Areas

Public open spaces play an important role in achieving equity and inclusion in cities. They are vital elements that shape the urban life and public realm in communities. This paper deals with waterfronts as key spaces in the urban, social, and economic structure of the city, with reference to informal areas where accessibility poses a severe challenge. The paper discusses the interactions between water front uses, potential interventions and the local community’s aspirations, while tackling land properties, and participation issues during the decision-making process for regenerating inclusive public spaces.

Within this context, the authors present, debate, and analyze the case of Al Warrak Cornish project in the Northern Sector of Giza Governorate in Egypt. They discuss three main aspects in water frontage urban development including: water front as an accessible public space, regeneration as a process, and participation as a tool. This is emphasized through the application of an international policy, namely the three – legged approach that was adopted by the ASUD program in UN Habitat since 2013 (Achieving Sustainable Urban Development) including: Design, regulations, and finance to support developing contexts, aiming at regenerating the waterfront urban area, with the presence of informal urbanization, through the methodology of collaborative and participatory planning.

The findings of this research present a methodological decision-making approach for the formalization of the local spatial development framework for waterfronts in informal areas with a focus on the participatory approach. This approach aims at achieving sustainability, and maximizing the economic valorization resulting from the regeneration of informal water frontage areas, balanced with the existing and neighboring community socioeconomic needs. It further highlights the process of reaching common objectives among all stakeholders, especially if they are from different social strata.

The paper concludes that this emblematic project possesses significant implications regarding issues of spatial justice, combining conventional road infrastructure with urban regeneration and community energizing as critical aspects of mediating and articulating success in such contexts.     

贯彻《交通强国建设纲要》,推进城市交通高质量发展

推动创新建设现代化城市与《交通强国建设纲要》实施融合,是推进城市交通高质量发展的基础。首先,本文通过学习《交通强国建设纲要》,对重要概念及其相关关系进行了梳理。提出城市交通是提升城市竞争力和国家竞争力的重要支撑,城市交通的本质是服务于人的需求,组织城市的可持续运行。城市交通问题是工程技术与社会问题的综合。其次,总结提出了新时代对城市和城市交通发展的要求。认为城市交通应从关注建成区拓展到关注都市圈、城市群的发展,从研究交通流、交通设施转向交通服务和复合交通网络,从关注自身顺畅运行转向高质量组织城市可持续运行。应重视信息技术为城市交通体系重构提供的机遇。最后,提出了推进城市交通高质量发展应关注的3个重点,包括完善城市交通基础理论(城市交通学)、城市公共交通可持续发展,以及推进城市交通治理能力现代化。     

Emergent Urbanism: structural change and urban planning and design

In response to the structural changes of recent decades, many European cities and towns have invested in production, consumption and transportation infrastructures, marketing and branding measures, and urban design schemes, in order to manage and stimulate urban regeneration. This paper contributes to a discussion of urban planning and design in the context of structural change, emphasizing the consequences that such change has had for urban heritage and the sense of place. The paper addresses two cases from Swedish infrastructure planning practice to construct a conceptual framework for the discussion and analysis of contemporary theory and practice in urban planning and design. Throughout this paper, we argue that the urban landscape should not be seen as solely resulting from deliberate planning and design measures. Rather, understanding the regeneration of that landscape requires a deeper consideration of decisions related to infrastructure planning, as well as emergent processes of economic, social and spatial processes of structural change. We put forward the term Emergent Urbanism to describe this expanded understanding.     

儿童友好视角下城市公园品质与可达性研究——以巴塞罗那学龄前儿童为例

具备可进入的绿色空间、游乐场地是儿童友好城市衡量中的核心指标，也是城市公园提供的必要服务之一。聚焦对城市公园需求度和使用率较高的学龄前儿童，尝试建构综合考虑城市公园品质和可达性的分析及评估方法。选取联合国儿童友好城市——西班牙巴塞罗那为案例，基于实地调研、开源地图、官方统计数据等，使用儿童友好的公园品质指数（QUINPY）和空间句法可达性模型开展综合评价，并结合学龄前儿童人口密度分布，提出有针对性的改善建议，基于不同的需求和现状，选取改善城市交通步行环境、合理增加结构性设施或者鼓励分时段及立体化拓展空间使用可能性等适宜性创新措施。以期为我国儿童友好导向的城市公园发展建设提供参考。     

国外慢城市生活研究进展及启示

近10年来,国外发达国家在慢餐、慢城、慢活等倡导性运动的基础上演绎出慢城市生活的研究,与低碳城市、人文城市、社会城市等理念一道成为城市研究的新领域。本文回溯了国外慢城市生活研究的缘起、慢城市联盟框架及实质,结合中国城市发展的实际,提出了以慢城市理念为基础的城市生活空间及阶层化生活行为方式的城市研究,目的在于抗衡我国城市化快速发展阶段的城市重经济发展轻社会生活及空间剥夺等生活不公平现象,构建人本、包容的城市生活空间及发展方向。     

基于社会网络中心性模型的城市公园公交可达性研究——以哈尔滨道里区为例

在国家优先发展公共交通的政策引导下,如何优化城市公园布局与公交网络的空间关系,提高公园的公交可达性,成为城市建设过程中所面临的现实课题。首先,依据公交站点与城市公园入口100m空间距离,将其划分为接入点与连接点,依据相同路线的公交线路数量构建邻接矩阵,初步确立了公交网络结构模型。其次,从可达性和连接性2个方面提取了公交网络中心性模型的4个自变量因子,其中表征可达性的度数中心度、接近中心度和中间中心度3个自变量因子,定量反映了城市公园在公交网络中的区位条件;其中表征连接性的聚类系数,定量反映了公交连接点与接入点的连接程度。然后,通过自变量因子权重赋值,建构了公交网络中心性模型,依此量化评估城市公园的公交可达性。最后,应用公交网络中心性模型,结合哈尔滨道里区公交站线与10个建成公园现状进行实证研究,提出了在公交中心性空洞区合理规划公交站点及线路,而在公交中心性高值区增补城市公园的对策,以此促进公交网络与城市公园布局的空间耦合关系,提高城市公园的公交可达性,使其发挥更大的综合效益。     

Landscape change and the urbanization process in Europe

Urbanization is one of the fundamental characteristics of the European civilization. It gradually spread from Southeast Europe around 700 . ., across the whole continent. Cities and the urban networks they formed were always an important factor in the development and shaping of their surrounding regions. Polarization of territory between urban and rural and accessibility are still important aspects in landscape dynamics. Urbanization and its associated transportation infrastructure define the relationship between city and countryside. Urbanization, expressed as the proportion of people living in urban places shows a recent but explosive growth reaching values around 80% in most European countries. Simultaneously the countryside becomes abandoned. Thinking, valuing and planning the countryside is done mainly by urbanites and future rural development is mainly focused upon the urban needs. Thinking of urban places with their associated rural hinterland and spheres of influence has become complex. Clusters of urban places, their situation in a globalizing world and changing accessibility for fast transportation modes are some new factors that affect the change of traditional European cultural landscapes. Urbanization processes show cycles of evolution that spread in different ways through space. Urbanization phases developed at different speeds and time between Northern and Southern Europe. Main cities are affected first, but gradually urbanization processes affect smaller settlements and even remote rural villages. Functional urban regions (FURs) are a new concept, which is also significant for landscape ecologists. Local landscape change can only be comprehended when situated in its general geographical context and with all its related dynamics. Patterns of change are different for the countryside near major cities, for metropolitan villages and for remote rural villages. Planning and designing landscapes for the future requires that this is understood. Urbanized landscapes are highly dynamic, complex and multifunctional. Therefore, detailed inventories of landscape conditions and monitoring of change are urgently needed in order to obtain reliable data for good decision-making.     

历史城市的“再生”实践及关键问题:以西安市为例

"城市再生"理论的一个突出特征是强调城市建设目标的多样性与综合性,并认为促进经济发展与实现社会、文化与环境等其他建设目标同等重要。基于该理论,该文以西安为例,探讨了历史城市的规划策略在"城市再生"过程中的变化,并分析了其中的主要问题与关键因素。西安历史城区的再生实践表明,地方政府拥有过多的自由裁量权,同时,城市规划缺乏完善和有效的实施监管机制。这些也成为城市再生目标得以顺利实现的瓶颈问题。     

Designing successful urban regeneration strategies through a behavioral decision aiding approach

Finding a new use for abandoned buildings provides an opportunity for urban and rural regeneration as reconversion policies arrest decay processes and re-establish continuity in the territorial system, using existing buildings and thus limiting the consumption of new soil. This study combines quantitative stakeholders' analysis with Decision Aiding tools to design and evaluate alternative strategies for the regeneration of an abandoned military barrack in Italy. In particular, the paper details how the collaborative decision support process developed from the initial map of the local needs to the final assessment of five different regeneration projects. The main objective of the study is to develop a transferable framework able to support collaborative planning and decision-making processes related to urban regeneration transformations. The contribution brought by the study is twofold and refers to: (i) the development of an inclusive final recommendation based on the innovative integration of Multi Attribute Value Theory with quantitative stakeholders' analysis and (ii) the provision of a replicable working tool for policy makers and urban regeneration specialists. The study has thus an innovative value and may stimulate a cross-disciplinary use of behavioral decision analysis to support a value-based generation and evaluation of alternative solutions in complex multi-actor decision making settings.     

社会恢复性城市主义：社会导向下的城市设计原则与实践

介绍一种社会导向的城市设计框架——社会恢复性城市主义的实际应用原则和方法。聚焦于社会、空间和物质维度在城市领域的整合,为思考城市空间结构与社会过程之间的关系提供了新的方式。从这一点来看,社会恢复性城市主义与越来越多的、倡导能够有效回应城市环境的学科理论产生了共鸣,并作出了自己的贡献。社会恢复性城市主义的特殊性在于它是基于城市领域体验维度的形成性研究,鼓励在城市环境变化过程中的包容性、参与式实践,并强调人境的互动对实现城市环境社会效益的重要性。概述了社会恢复性城市主义发展研究的几项核心内容,包括体验式景观（experiential landscape）、体验学过程（experiemic process）、MYTO（我的、你的、我们的、他们的）以及此项研究在人境研究国际协会（IAPS）的“新时代的老城市：城市设计的综合空间社会性方法”（New-Aging Cities: An Integrated Socio-Spatial Approach to Urban Design）研讨会中发表的成果,并进一步说明了这些成果是如何影响人境一体化概念的发展。这一背景促使社会恢复性城市主义逐渐发展,并在实践中应用在城市街景的社会维度——过渡性边缘和微环境。最后,基于社会空间城市主义研究中心（SsUU）的构建,提出了社会恢复性城市主义进一步发展的前景。     

城市繁华区历史遗存的保护与开发的探讨

现代城市繁华地区往往由老城区发展而成,然而其中存在的古建筑、历史街道不断地减少或消失,或因过度保护而与周边环境缺乏与现代文明的交流融合,使之成为现代城市中的孤岛。在社会进步,城市升级的今天,兼顾现代现代化与历史传承是当代城市先进性最佳的体现。历史建筑保护与开发,对实现城市历史文化繁荣发展有着重要意义。本文以城市繁华区历史遗存的保护与开发进行探讨,目的在于为城市历史的再生寻找一条适合的途径。     

An urban social movement challenging urban regeneration: The case of Sulukule, Istanbul

Urban regeneration projects have become a focus of attention in Istanbul due to tourism promotion, particularly great expectations from the European Capital of Culture 2010 Event. Sulukule, a Romani neighborhood on the historical peninsula of Istanbul, was designated as an urban redevelopment zone. The Sulukule Urban Regeneration Project is one of the recent efforts to present “a better urban environment” to foreign visitors and investors. The project has accelerated the struggle for land, causing dispossessions, evictions and demolitions. Locals’ needs and rights are denied. Consequently, the citizens in Sulukule started to oppose regeneration and formed an urban social movement. This paper attempts to analyze the urban social movement in Sulukule, the Sulukule Platform, which emerged as an urban coalition challenging tourism-led regeneration.     

城镇密集地区规划的重点命题和对策思路

针对目前我国城镇密集地区发展中存在的问题和发展的要求,结合城镇密集地区的经济、空间、资源、人文特点等,提出编制城镇密集地区规划应重点关注的8个命题以及规划可以采取的对策思路,包括产业发展、空间整合、资源利用、交通综合、城乡统筹、生态安全、社会发展和文化传承等。     

绿色低碳城市更新：韩国经验与启示

在国家生态文明建设和实施城市更新行动的背景下,对绿色低碳城市更新的研究是当前的热点与难点。梳理分析了韩国低碳绿色城市更新的概念内涵、研究进展、指标体系,通过清州案例介绍了韩国低碳绿色城市更新规划的内容、指标和技术体系,以及碳排放量计算的逻辑方法等,剖析了中国的发展现状和存在的问题,并结合韩国经验提出了相应的改善建议。包括:引入明确的绿色低碳城市更新概念;将绿色低碳城市更新纳入国家重点研发与示范项目;以人民为中心,社会参与指标体系构建;以研究为基础,通过国家和地方的努力创新和修正相关制度体系;运用系统化手段对更新区各耦合体系进行全局性的更新规划和全面的绿色低碳升级等。     

Can global cities be ‘age-friendly cities’? Urban development and ageing populations

Understanding the relationship between population ageing and urban change has become a major issue for public policy. An emerging theme has concerned the need to develop supportive urban communities for older citizens. This paper provides a critical perspective on what has been termed the development of ‘age-friendly cities and communities’ by exploring such policies in the context of urban change arising from globalisation, urban regeneration and austerity. A key argument is that research and policies on age-friendly cities require stronger integration with analyses of the impact of global forces transforming the physical and social context of cities. This theme is developed by examining: first, the arguments behind the development of the ‘age-friendly’ approach; second, the pressures affecting urban environments, and their relevance for the ‘age-friendly’ debate; and third, challenges for improving the urban environment for older populations. The article concludes by discussing the need to combine a conceptual model of ‘age-friendliness’ with analysis of the economic and social forces transforming urban environments.     

西南山地高密度城市的空间结构与交通系统互动关系研究

西南山地城市地形地貌复杂、建 设用地紧张、旧城人口密集。由于自然地理 条件的限制,长期以来形成了高密度的城市 发展模式。从高密度城市的概念出发,分析 了西南山地城市的高密度发展特征及原因, 研究了西南山地城市在高密度发展影响下, 城市规模、密度、功能布局等因素对交通系 统的影响,以及交通方式、交通可达性和交 通设施等因素对空间结构的影响。在此基 础上提出西南山地高密度城市的空间结构和 交通系统之间的互动影响机制,试图揭示高 密度城市的一些发展规律。     

从古代丝绸之路到当代“一带一路”：交通建设带动区域发展的不同认知（英文）

As an important connection between the West and the East,the Silk Road has greatly promoted the cooperation between countries and regions.Transportation infrastructure plays a key role in the economic development and cultural exchanges,which has promoted the development of regions and cities along the Silk Road.Based on previous literature,combining the comparative advantage theory in economics with the transportation corridor and regional development theory,this paper divides the evolution of the Silk Road into three historical periods,and explores the economic motives for the development from the ancient Silk Road to the contemporary Belt and Road,as well as the impacts of transportation construction on the regional and urban development along the Belt and Road.The paper concludes that transportation infrastructure has a positive impact on the development of regions along the Belt and Road,which also influences the rise and fall of cities along the road.The paper comprehensively applies the theory of the comparative advantage and the theory of transportation and regional development,and proposes that economical mutual benefit and integration of transportation construction and regional development will play a key role in the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative.     

城市快速发展时期的社会住房建设:法国的教训与启发

在1950至1970年代的城市化快速发展时期,法国在城市边缘和郊区进行了以大型住区为主要形式的大规模社会住房建设,虽然有效缓解了战争破坏和人口增长带来的住房短缺,却因廉租性社会住房在城市特定地区的大量集聚,以及大型住区本身存在的选址远离中心、建筑形式单调、空间尺度夸张、建设质量低下、设施配套缺失等不足,在1960年代末和1970年代初引发了居住空间的社会分化现象,并在1980年代随城市社会经济结构转型而不断加剧,迫使法国城市不得不从社会、经济、环境、设施和住宅建设等多方面入手,通过实施一系列城市政策和项目计划,对其进行综合整治和更新改造,以抵制社会排斥,鼓励社会混合,促进城市整体和谐发展。文章通过梳理法国社会住房的发展历程,特别是城市快速发展时期社会住房的建设发展,总结其中的经验教训,旨在为当前处于快速发展时期的中国城市的社会住房建设提供有益的启发和借鉴。     

Effects of Public Investments on Urban Land Values

The study reported in this paper was an attempt to develop a model for identifying and assessing the impact of alternative development policies on urban land values. The statistical analysis carried out suggests that the most important factor determining the values of urban land is accessibility to the central urban functions. Age of existing structures and zoning regulations are secondary factors. Since future development of central urban functions can be projected with the help of existing models and since accessibility of places (particularly by means of public transportation) and zoning regulations can be influenced by public authorities, indirect public actions considerably influence urban land values.