基于卡尔曼滤波修正的多步风电功率预测

针对传统时间序列预测多步风速时不能预测突变风速使风电功率预测误差较大的问题,采用基于数值天气预报(numerical weather prediction,NWP)风速及历史风速修正的卡尔曼滤波法对NWP风速进行多步修正,并通过修正后的NWP风速进行多步功率预测,第16步风速平均绝对误差降低了0.47 m/s,将该修正NWP风速与支持向量回归相结合,构建风电功率预测模型。构建模型与ARIMA模型及NWP直接预测模型相比,误差分别降低了6.8%和8.4%。应用该模型对山东某地区风电场现场数据进行仿真测试,第16步预测准确率达到82.6%。     

基于Attention-GRU风速修正和Stacking的短期风电功率预测

针对使用数值天气预报（NWP）数据进行风电功率预测时,NWP风速与实际风速存在偏差导致预测精度欠佳,提出一种基于注意力机制（Attenion）门控逻辑单元（GRU）数值天气预报风速修正和Stacking多算法融合的短期风电功率预测模型。首先,分析NWP预报风速和实际风速的皮尔逊相关系数,建立Attention-GRU风速修正模型,提高预报风速精度。其次,考虑风向、温度、湿度、气压、空气密度等气象因素,基于Stacking框架,提出融合XGBoost、LSTM、SVR、LASSO的多算法风电功率预测模型,同时采用网格搜索与交叉验证优化模型参数。最后,选取西北和东北两个典型风电场数据进行验证,算例结果表明,所提出模型能改善NWP风速精度并提升风电功率预测效果。     

基于数值天气预报及模糊聚类的风电功率智能组合预测

提出一种基于数值天气预报及模糊聚类的风电功率智能组合预测方法。以数值天气预报(NWP)数据为基础,利用模糊减法聚类的方法将原始数值天气预报(NWP)数据分成若干典型天气类型;针对不同的天气类型分别建立T-S模糊模型、时间序列模型、多元线性回归模型、灰色模型;利用智能优化算法进行多模型的优化组合,得到最优组合预测模型。对国内某风电场的风电功率预测结果表明,所提出的预测方法可行、有效,具有较好的预测精度。     

基于灰色缓冲算子-卡尔曼滤波双修正的风电功率实时预测研究

文章针对风电功率预测的精度问题,提出了一种基于灰色缓冲算子-卡尔曼滤波双修正的神经网络预测模型。通过建立灰色缓冲算子,消除数据中的冲击扰动,还原其本身的特性;对缓冲之后的数据进行训练,建立人工神经网络进行滚动预测;利用卡尔曼滤波器对预测结果进行二次修正,消除预测结果中的奇异点。仿真结果表明,与传统的预测方法相比,该模型可有效地提高预测精度。     

基于CEEMD-CNN-BiGRU-RF模型的短期风电功率预测

风电功率的准确预测对电网的安全运行和经济调度起着重要作用,为进一步提高风电功率的预测精度,文章提出了一种基于CEEMD-CNN-BiGRU-RF模型的短期风电功率预测模型。首先,利用完全集成经验模态分解(CEEMD)对风电功率时间序列进行模态分解;其次,对分解的各个风电功率时间序列利用卷积神经网络(CNN)进行特征提取;再次,建立双向门控循环单元(Bi GRU)模型对各个风电功率时间序列进行预测,叠加各个分量的预测值;最后,对误差进行进一步分析与预测,利用随机森林(RF)进行误差修正,得到最终的风电功率预测值。实验仿真表明,该模型的预测效果明显优于传统模型,模型的平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)仅为2.09%。     

风电功率预测技术综述与改进建议

随着大规模风电接入电力系统,为了保证电网安全、稳定运行,需要对风电功率进行预测。阐述了不同分类标准下的风电功率预测方法,分析了基于历史数据和基于数值天气预报的功率预测方法,归纳了风电功率预测的主要模型及其优缺点,研究了预测误差的评价指标。认为合理选择预测模型和进行模型性能优化是风电功率预测的关键。在综述国内外风电功率预测技术的研究现状后,针对国内当前对风电场功率预测模型研究与开发工作,提出了改进建议。     

基于数值天气预报的风电功率预测建模研究

基于数值天气预报的支持向量机风电功率预测方法,利用空间分辨率较高的数值天气预报来提高风电功率预测的准确性;通过优化选取NWP的网格点、物理层面及其之上的物理量对预测模型进行简化,提高预测程序的运行速度。采用辽宁省某风场的历史数据,验证了所设计预测算法的有效性,为数值天气预报用于风电功率建模提供了试验支撑。     

基于核极端学习机的短期风电功率预测研究

随着风力发电的大规模发展和并网运行,风电场输出功率的精确预测对电力系统的运行具有重大意义。针对风力发电功率具有非线性和非平稳的特性,利用经验模态分解和核极端学习机结合的方法对短期风力发电功率预测进行研究。通过经验模态分解把风电功率时间序列分解成为一系列相对平稳的子数据序列,对每个子数据序列采用核极端学习机算法分别进行模型建立与预测,把每个预测模型得到的子数据序列预测值相加获得最终的风电功率预测值。基于此方法的某风电场输出功率实例数据预测仿真结果表明,该方法的预测模型能更好地跟踪风电功率的变化,预测误差比单独KELM方法减小7.6%,比EMD-SVM方法减小1.7%,能够在一定程度上提高风电功率预测的准确性。     

甘肃建成国内首个覆盖全省风电预测系统

10月25日,甘肃省电力公司调度中心的消息称,该公司研发的风电实时监测与超短期风电功率预测系统,能够实现0小时~72小时风电短期预测和0小时~4小时风电超短期预测,由此甘肃成为国内第一个风电功率超短期预测覆盖全省的省份。这个系统通过实时采集测风塔监测的风能数据、风电基地所有风电机组运行数据等,实现对风电的预测,采用了多套数值天气预报数据源,并进行综合利用分析,与单套天气预报     

基于投影寻踪主成分分析和耦合模型的风电功率预测

为提高搜索精度和解决样本数据高维性问题,以数值天气预报为基础,提出一种基于投影寻踪和改进状态转移算法优化的风电功率预测模型。该方法首先选取风电场周围多个位置多个高度的气象数值信息,采用投影寻踪主成分分析方法将高维的样本数据投影到低维空间,提取主成分,再建立投影寻踪耦合模型;同时通过加入正交变换的状态转移算法优化最佳投影方向、多项式系数和阈值项,确定网络结构以确保得到最佳模型。以某风电场为实例研究,表明基于投影寻踪和改进状态转移算法的方法可靠性高,能有效解决风电功率预测中存在的预测精度低、数据非线性和高维性等实际难题。     

大型风电场超短期风电功率预测

针对大规模风电场风电功率的非线性特性,采用最小二乘支持向量机（LS—SVM）的预测模型。由于LS—SVM的参数选择直接影响着模型的预测精度,于是采用一种基于量子粒子群优化方法来选择模型的超参数。为了弥补模型损失的鲁棒性,通过给每个样本误差不同的权系数,建立了具有良好泛化性能的WLS—SVM回归模型,从而进一步提高了模型预测的精度。本文提出一种基于量子粒子群优化（0uantum—behaved Particle Swarm Optimization,QPSO）参数选择的加权最小二乘支持向量机（Weighted Least Squares Support Vector Machine,WLS—SVM）的超短期风电功率预测模型。应用上述方法对内蒙古地区大型风电场进行了预测,结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

Predicting the Wind

Due to increasing wind power penetration, the need for and usage of wind power prediction systems have increased. At the same time, much research has been done in this field, which has led to a significant increase in the prediction accuracy recently. With many ongoing research programs in the field of numerical weather prediction (NWP), as well as in the power output prediction models (transforming wind speed into electrical power output), one can expect further improvements in the future. For the time being, three measures are taken as best practices to reduce prediction errors: Combinations of different models can be done with power output forecast models as well as with NWP models (multimodel and multischeme approaches). Reductions in RMSE of up to 20% were shown with intelligent combinations. As expected, a shorter forecast horizon leads to lower prediction errors. However, the organization of the electricity market as well as the conventional generation pool has a large influence on the needed forecast horizon. The forecast error depends on the number of wind turbines and wind farms and their geographical spread. In Germany, typical forecast errors for representative wind farm forecasts are 10-15% RMSE of installed power, while the error for the control areas calculated from these representative wind farms is typically 6-7% and that for the whole of Germany only 5-6%. Whenever possible, aggregating wind power over a large area should be performed as it leads to significant reduction of forecast errors as well as short-term fluctuations. a large area should be performed as it leads to significant reduction of forecast errors as well as short-term fluctuations.     

基于风速误差校正和ALO-LSSVM的风电功率预测

风资源的随机波动性引起的相位滞后性问题,导致风电功率预测精度不高,尤其是风速变化较快时,滞后性引起的预测误差较大。考虑到风速波动与风功率变化密切相关,提出一种非参数核密度估计和数值天气预报(NWP)相结合的方法,并对预测风速误差进行校正,改善了预测风速的相位滞后性;然后将校正后的风速和风功率作为输入数据进行风电功率预测;采用蚁狮算法(ALO)优化最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)参数,从而建立基于风速误差校正和ALO-LSSVM组合的风电功率预测模型。算例结果表明,所提方法风功率预测精度更高。     

基于ADQPSO-KELM风电功率短期预测模型的研究

为了改善传统风电功率预测方法中误差较大且稳定性较差的问题,引入量子粒子群(QPSO)优化算法、自适应早熟判定准则及混合扰动算子,构建了自适应扰动量子粒子群(ADQPSO)优化算法,通过ADQPSO算法对核极限学习机(KELM)模型进行优化,建立了自适应扰动量子粒子群优化的核极限学习机(ADQPSOKELM)风电功率短期预测模型,并利用内蒙古高尔真风电场采集的风电功率时间序列数据为试验样本进行48h预测分析。结果表明,ADQPSO-KELM风电功率短期预测模型与其他基于KELM优化的风电预测模型及传统风电预测模型相比,其预测的误差更小、准确度更高,且预测稳定性显著增强。     

运用广义回归神经网络预测风电场功率

运用广义回归神经网络对风电场出力提前了24h预测。对引入数值气象预报信息与不引人数值气象预报信息两种情况的预测结果进行了比较分析。首先,对前15d的风功率数据进行训练,通过交叉验证,建立模型,预测了未来一天的风电场出力。然后加入历史风速数据,对历史风速和风功率进行训练,利用数值气象预报信息,预测未来1d的风功率。通过算例表明,使用广义回归神经网络模型预测未来1d的风电场出力,预测结果能够跟踪实际风功率,同时加入数值气象预报信息的预测结果较不加入数值气象预报信息的神经网络预测,精度有所提高。     

风电场风速及风电功率预测方法研究综述

由于风能的随机性以及电力系统的非线性等原因,预测风电功率时需要考虑众多的不确定因素影响。现有预测方法主要包括物理预测方法、统计预测方法以及学习预测方法、综合预测法等。基于数字天气预报(NWP-numerical weather prediction)的物理预测方法模型复杂、计算量大,较少用于短期预测;统计预测方法模型简单,数据需求量少,较适合于数据获取有一定困难的情况;人工智能预测方法不依赖于对象的精确模型,适合于随机非线性系统;综合预测方法可一定程度地扬长避短。本文主要就风电场风速及风电功率预测方法研究进行了综合阐述,并在总结前人研究的基础上提出了一些可进一步研究的问题。     

基于EVMD和布谷鸟算法的短期风功率区间预测

为提高短期风功率预测精度和预测的可控性,提出一种基于能量差优化变分模态分解和布谷鸟优化组合神经网络的短期风功率预测模型。采用能量差优化变分模态分解（EVMD）的模态数,将EVMD用于短期风功率分解,基于EVMD分解序列的不同模态特点,对非线性序列采用布谷鸟优化反向传播神经网络（CS-BPNN）,对平稳序列采用自回归滑动平均模型（ARMA）,并重构加权得到点预测值,并基于EVMD分解所丢失的序列信息构建核密度估计,在点预测模型的基础上,进行风功率的区间预测。将所提预测方法用于澳大利亚风电场的实际算例,实验结果表明,该方法可提高短期风功率预测的准确性。     

Analysing wind power ramp events and improving very short-term wind power predictions by including wind speed observations

Though wind power predictions have been consistently improved in the last decade, persistent reasons for remaining uncertainties are sudden large changes in wind speed, so-called ramps. Here, we analyse the occurrence of ramp events in a wind farm in Eastern Germany and the performance of a wind power prediction tool in forecasting these events for forecasting horizons of 15 and 30 min. Results on the seasonality of ramp events and their diurnal cycle are presented for multiple ramp definition thresholds. Ramps were found to be most frequent in March and April and least frequent in November and December. For the analysis, the wind power prediction tool is fed by different wind velocity forecast products, for example, numerical weather prediction (NWP) model and measurement data. It is shown that including observational wind speed data for very short-term wind power forecasts improves the performance of the power prediction tool compared to the NWP reference, both in terms of ramp detection and in decreasing the mean absolute error between predicted and generated wind power. This improvement is enhanced during ramp events, highlighting the importance of wind observations for very short-term wind power prediction.     

Evaluation of four numerical wind flow models for wind resource mapping

A wide range of numerical wind flow models are available to simulate atmospheric flows. For wind resource mapping, the traditional approach has been to rely on linear Jackson–Hunt type wind flow models. Mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) models coupled to linear wind flow models have been in use since the end of the 1990s. In the last few years, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods, in particular Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models, have entered the mainstream, whereas more advanced CFD models such as large‐eddy simulations (LES) have been explored in research but remain computationally intensive. The present study aims to evaluate the ability of four numerical models to predict the variation in mean wind speed across sites with a wide range of terrain complexities, surface characteristics and wind climates. The four are (1) Jackson–Hunt type model, (2) CFD/RANS model, (3) coupled NWP and mass‐consistent model and (4) coupled NWP and LES model. The wind flow model predictions are compared against high‐quality observations from a total of 26 meteorological masts in four project areas. The coupled NWP model and NWP‐LES model produced the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) as measured between the predicted and observed mean wind speeds. The RMSE for the linear Jackson‐Hunt type model was 29% greater than the coupled NWP models and for the RANS model 58% greater than the coupled NWP models. The key advantage of the coupled NWP models appears to be their ability to simulate the unsteadiness of the flow as well as phenomena due to atmospheric stability and other thermal effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.