新型高升压耦合电感DC-DC变换器

在光伏发电系统中，为实现高增益直流母线电压并网需求，提出一种新型高升压耦合电感DC-DC变换器。通过耦合电感匝比和开关占空比双重调节，提升变换器的高升压能力。利用无源钳位回路对开关器件实现电压钳制，通过耦合电感的漏感吸收开关器件开关瞬间的电流脉冲，有效减小开关器件开关损耗和脉冲冲击，提高了变换器使用寿命。开关管电压应力低、本征占空比小，开关损耗小，有利于提升变换器效率。对变换器工作原理和具体模态进行分析，推演了各器件应力和选型依据。结合仿真和实验对比，验证了新型高升压耦合电感DC-DC变换器的理论正确性。     

一种可应用于新能源发电系统的双绕组高效率高升压DC-DC变换器

为解决光伏发电等新能源发电技术输出的直流电压等级较低、不能满足并网电压要求的问题,提出一种可应用于新能源发电系统的双绕组高效率高升压DC-DC变换器。在传统Boost变换器的拓扑中融入开关电容结构与磁耦合升压技术,获得高电压增益,并降低开关管电压应力。拓扑的无源钳位结构有效解决了开关管电压尖峰过高的问题,提高了能量转换效率。详细研究了所提变换器工作原理后,对元件电流、电压应力以及变换器效率进行定量计算。于实验室搭建200 W样机验证所提变换器的可行性,实测变换器最大效率为97.5%。     

应用于新能源发电的有源钳位隔离型Boost变换器

传统的隔离型Boost变换器需要使用两个及以上的磁性元件,造成磁性元件数量偏多。文章提出了一种新型有源钳位隔离型Boost变换器,该变换器将变压器、输入电感和谐振电感集成在一个磁性元件中,变换器的开关管数量及增益特性与传统的隔离型全桥Boost变换器相同。通过设置原边有源钳位电路,变换器中所有开关管的电压应力不超过变换器的最高输入电压;设置副边谐振倍压网络,变换器实现了整流二极管的零电流关断。最后在一台500 W的样机进行试验,试验结果验证了该变换器的可行性。     

集成倍压电路的准Z源软开关变换器稳态研究

提出一种集成倍压电路的准Z源软开关DC-DC变换器（qZS-SCSS）。通过同步整流技术，将阻抗网络中的二极管替换为辅助开关管Sa，不仅可降低了被替换二极管的导通损耗，而且可提供主开关S的ZVS开关特性；二极管在ZVZCS环境下运行，能极大降低开关损耗和反向恢复损耗；同时通过钳位回路吸收耦合元件的漏感能量。变换器qZS-SCSS具有输入电流连续、能满足光伏发电系统电压增益要求、输入输出共地、电压增益高、效率高等优点。分析和推导变换器的工作模态、电压电流应力、效率损耗和与其他变换器的对比，最后搭建输出功率100 W样机验证理论分析的正确性。     

IPOS型光伏直流升压外送系统控制策略研究

当光伏直流升压外送系统启动时升压侧和逆变侧均存在过电流问题,同时有源钳位Boost全桥升压变换器(BFBIC)模块开关频率高,使系统损耗严重及工作可靠性降低。针对上述问题,该文提出一种输入并联输出串联(IPOS)型光伏直流升压外送系统,通过分析系统启动过电流原理,提出该系统的软启动控制策略。同时对有源钳位BFBIC开关管提出一种零电压开关(ZVS)型软开关控制策略,并对其约束条件进行理论推导。通过2种控制策略的协调配合,实现了系统的软启动和有源钳位BFBIC的软开关,确保了系统安全稳定运行。最后在Matlab/Simulink中搭建一个1 MW/±30 kV的IPOS型光伏直流升压外送系统模型,仿真验证了所提控制策略的有效性。     

一种ZVZCS交错并联Boost变换器

提出了一种ZVZCS交错并联Boost变换器。在所提辅助电路的帮助下所有开关管均实现了零电压关断,同时变换器通过电感电流断续导通模式使得所有开关管均实现了零电流导通,各个二极管也均实现了零电流关断,显著降低了由开关管和二极管引起的损耗,变换器整体的工作效率得到了提高。最后,对所提变换器的工作原理及性能特点进行了详细分析,并通过搭建输出功率为200 W的实验样机对理论分析进行了实验验证。     

太阳能飞行器能源系统中GaN变换器优化研究

为实现太阳能飞行器能源系统的高效率和高功率密度，采用基于氮化镓（GaN）器件的四开关升降压（FSBB）变换器。首先提出一种变移相角控制策略，该控制策略可根据不同的输入电压范围，通过改变移相角来使电感电流纹波始终维持在此时工况下的最小值，同时保证电感以最小电流进行环流并兼顾软开关技术，进一步提高变换器的工作效率。然后对所提控制策略下的变换器进行建模，分析其稳定性，并通过对控制参数进行整定，完成变换器补偿网络的环路设计。最后搭建一台输入30～60 V，输出45 V/200 W的GaN FSBB变换器实验样机，验证变移相角控制策略的有效性。     

基于半桥变换器与次序耦合变压器的超级电容均压

针对于超级电容串联储能系统中单体电压不均衡的问题,本文介绍了一种基于半桥变换器和首尾次序耦合变压器的均压电路。利用次序耦合绕组可以减小因变压器单元漏感误差而引起的超级电容单体电压不均衡。该电路结构简单,还可以均衡超级电容器的电压,恒定开关频率和占空比,不需要反馈控制环节。通过分析半桥变换器每个工作模态,建立了输出电压方程,推导了串联超级电容电压均衡方程。根据电路特性,分析了变压器匝比设计方程及实现软开关变压器原边漏感要求。仿真及实验结果表明此均压电路具有均压速度快且均压效果好的特点。     

一种谐振型混合调制的电流型高增益双向变换器

为减小双向变换器低压侧电流纹波,改善变换器硬开关现象,降低其闭环系统设计的复杂程度,提出一种谐振型混合调制的电流型高增益双向变换器。该变换器在低压侧全桥桥臂中点加入2个交错并联的Boost电感,在增加变换器增益的同时可减小变换器低压侧电流纹波,高压侧为倍压整流电路,进一步增加了变换器增益,同时利用变压器漏感与谐振电容谐振创造了高压侧开关管ZCS的条件。该变换器正反向均采用PWM+PFM混合调制控制,通过改变占空比调节输出电压,调节开关频率实现高压侧开关管的ZCS,采用该控制方案降低了变换器闭环系统设计的复杂程度,并可减小高压侧开关管的关断损耗。搭建一台600 W试验样机,进行正反向实验,验证所提方案的有效性。     

高增益耦合电感双倍压单元组合Cuk-Boost变换器

为解决传统Cuk变换器升压能力不足、应力较大等问题，将Cuk变换器与Boost变换器进行叠加组合，并引入耦合电感双倍压单元，提出一种应用于高增益场合的组合式Cuk-Boost变换器。该变换器增加了以改变耦合电感匝比来调节电压增益的方式，并将拓扑中电容-二极管支路在作为倍压电路的同时还可作为钳位电路来吸收漏感能量，在使用较少元器件的情况下提高了变换器功率密度，降低了电压应力。对变换器工作原理和性能进行分析，给出各项设计参数，对比不同变换器的电气性能，最后通过搭建原型电路验证理论分析的正确性。     

High voltage step-up integrated double Boost–Sepic DC–DC converter for fuel-cell and photovoltaic applications

In this paper, an integrated double boost SEPIC (IDBS) converter is proposed as a high step-up converter. The proposed converter utilizes a single controlled power switch and two inductors and is able to provide high voltage gain without extreme switch duty-cycle. The two inductors can be coupled into one core for reducing the input current ripple without affecting the basic DC characteristic of the converter. Moreover, the voltage stresses across all the semiconductors are less than half of the output voltage. The reduced voltage stress across the power switch enables the use of a lower voltage and R_DS-ON MOSFET switch, which will further reduce the conduction losses. Whereas, the low voltage stress across the diodes allows the use of Schottky rectifiers for alleviating the reverse-recovery current problem, leading to a further reduction in the switching and conduction losses. A detailed circuit analysis is performed to derive the design equations. A design example for a 100-W/240 V_dc with 24 V_dc input voltage is provided. The feasibility of the converter is confirmed with results obtained from simulation and an experimental prototype.     

A high voltage ratio and low stress DC–DC converter with reduced input current ripple for fuel cell source

A new single-switch non-isolated dc–dc converter with high-voltage gain and reduced semiconductor voltage stress is proposed in this paper. The proposed topology is derived from the conventional boost converter integrated with self-lift Sepic converter for providing high voltage gain without extreme switch duty-cycle. The reduced voltage stress across the power switch enables the use of a lower voltage and R_DS-ON MOSFET switch, which will further reduce the conduction losses. Moreover, the low voltage stress across the diodes allows the use of Schottky rectifiers for alleviating the reverse-recovery current problem, leading to a further reduction in the switching and conduction losses. Furthermore, the “near-zero” ripple current can be achieved at the input side of the converter which will help improve the fuel cell stack life cycle. The principle of operation, and theoretical are performed. Experimental results of a 100 W/240 V_dc output with 24 V_dc input voltage are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme.     

Bridgeless high voltage battery charger PFC rectifier

A high step-up bridgeless single phase ac–dc power factor correction (PFC) rectifier based on Cuk topology is proposed for high voltage battery charger application. The proposed topology is designed to operate in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) to achieve the following advantages: simple control, high power factor, soft switching at turn on and low harmonic content of the line input current. In addition, the proposed converter exhibits low inrush current and low magnetic emission rate similar to the conventional Cuk topology. Besides, all the inductors in converter can be coupled on the same magnetic core, hence high power density is also possible. Compared to the conventional Cuk converter, the proposed bridgeless topology has lower conduction losses and higher voltage gain. Simulation and experimental results are presented along with the theoretical analysis.     

A family of high gain fuel cell front-end converters with low input current ripple for PEMFC power conditioning systems

Since the output voltage of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is relatively low and load-dependent, a high-performance fuel cell front-end converter is required to achieve boost and power regulation in PEMFC systems. In response, a novel family of high gain fuel cell front-end converters with low input current ripple is proposed. The proposed topologies can substantially improve the voltage gain through the expansion and combination of active switched-inductor networks and passive switched-capacitor units. The introduced interleaved parallel structure is convenient to limit the current ripple on the input side to prevent accelerated aging of fuel cells, which is another prominent advantage. Meanwhile, the converters can achieve the automatic current sharing between parallel inductors and the low voltage stress on active switches and diodes. In this paper, the fuel cell model and topology derivation of the high gain fuel cell front-end converters are first analyzed. Then, it further describes the operating mode and steady-state performance of converters under the inductor current continuous conduction mode. The comparison with other converters shows that this converter is suitable for connecting the PEMFC to the high voltage DC bus. Finally, a 200 W, 20/180 V converter prototype is implemented, and the simulation and experiment prove the theoretical correctness and validate the superior performances of the proposed converters.     

New parallel driving strategy based on modified converters and peak current mode control for photovoltaic power generation systems

This paper proposes a modified converter for use in photovoltaic system. In the modified converter, the voltage ratio of output to input is equal to that of the general boost converter. The difference between the two converters is the configuration of output terminal. Therefore, the working voltage of an output capacitor and the value of its capacitance can be lower than those of the general boost converter. This paper also presents an efficient parallel driving scheme to increase output power and to reduce the output voltage ripple. The parallel driving method using the modified converter and current mode control gives a good solution for alleviating the current sharing unbalance problem. It reduces the output voltage ripple by increasing the equivalent switching frequency of the modified converter. The performance of the proposed converter system is verified through computer-aided simulations and experimental results.     

Energy processing from fuel-cell systems using a high-gain power dc-dc converter: Analysis,design, and implementation

The electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is characterized by a low and unregulated output voltage; thus, an interface between source and load is required for processing the generated energy by the PEMFC. In this paper, a solution for processing the energy generated by a PEMFC is given. A switching regulator is developed by using a quadratic boost converter with a single switch (QBC-SS). The controller for the QBC-SS is designed using average current-mode (ACM) control, which is easy to implement using analog circuits. The proposed switching regulator ensures high conversion ratios, output voltage regulation, adequate dynamic performance, and stability. On the other hand, a model with static characteristics for the PEMFC electrical behavior is proposed, which can be used for modeling and control purposes. This model consists of three parameters, which are computed using experimental data of the PEMFC stack. A laboratory prototype of 400 W is used to verify the analytical results. As an input source, a PEMFC system is used. The output voltage of the PEMFC stack ranges from 41 V to 24 V, which depends on the generated current. Experimental results applying load step changes and frequency response analysis are shown.     

变占空比三态Boost功率因数校正电路研究

为提高新能源并网等系统中变换器的功率因数,该文提出三态Boost变换器的变占空比控方案。通过分析电感电流参考值,推导出开关管的占空比表达式;根据输出电容上的二次谐波电压得到电压的纹波大小。相比于传统的定占空比控制方法,变占空比控制能够在较宽的输入电压范围内实时调整占空比,使电流跟踪电压变化,从而提高功率因数,降低输出电压纹波且不随输入电压变化。通过仿真和实验验证了理论分析的正确性以及控制的有效性。     

基于GaN的准方波Boost变换器拓扑分析

基于实际太阳能无人机的应用背景,对其核心功率变换部分展开深入研究。通过在传统同步整流型Boost变换器基础上增加少量无源元件,利用电感电流的连续性,构造功率开关输出电容放电环节,在保证主功率电感电流纹波较小的情况下实现功率开关的零电压开通,克服传统同步整流型Boost变换器为实现软开关而工作于准方波模式下,电感电流纹波较大的问题,从而有助于延长无人机蓄电池组的使用寿命。从该拓扑的模态分析出发,对功率开关的零电压开通实现过程进行详细分析。此外,对变换器进行参数设计,总结整个变换器的主要损耗计算方法。最后,利用GaN功率开关器件,搭建一台额定功率为500 W的实验样机,并与相同工况下的同步整流型Boost变换器进行对比。实验结果与理论分析基本一致,峰值效率达到96%。验证了理论分析的准确性以及该拓扑的实际可行性。