以石墨为母体的硅碳核壳复合负极材料的制备及性能研究

通过喷雾干燥和高温热解法,成功制备了不同有机碳源包覆的硅碳核壳复合负极材料。用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了材料的组成和形貌;用恒电流充放电(CC)、循环伏安(CV)和交流阻抗(EIS)表征了硅碳核壳复合材料的电化学性能,测试结果表明柠檬酸、酚醛树脂和葡萄糖作为有机碳源包覆硅碳复合材料的电化学性能相对于传统石墨材料都有明显改善,而葡萄糖为有机碳源制备的硅碳核壳复合材料具有最高的首次效率和容量保持率。     

以石墨为母体的硅碳核壳复合负极材料的制备及性能研究

通过喷雾干燥和高温热解法,成功制备了不同有机碳源包覆的硅碳核壳复合负极材料。用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了材料的组成和形貌;用恒电流充放电(CC)、循环伏安(CV)和交流阻抗(EIS)表征了硅碳核壳复合材料的电化学性能,测试结果表明柠檬酸、酚醛树脂和葡萄糖作为有机碳源包覆硅碳复合材料的电化学性能相对于传统石墨材料都有明显改善,而葡萄糖为有机碳源制备的硅碳核壳复合材料具有最高的首次效率和容量保持率。     

生物质碳源制备锂离子电池正极材料Na2MnPO4F/C及其电化学性能研究

本文以甘蔗渣作为生物质碳源制备Na2MnPO4F/C正极材料。通过球磨法及原位热解法制备Na2MnPO4F/C正极材料,利用拉曼光谱对正极材料制备条件进行表征分析,得出Na2MnPO4F/C最佳制备条件为碳源用量15%、煅烧温度600℃。利用XRD、SEM、EDS、电化学测量技术等手段对材料进行表征分析,结果表明,材料结晶性良好,碳材料很好地包覆在Na2MnPO4F聚氟阴离子材料表面,并且不影响材料结构。组装成纽扣电池,进行电化学性能测试。结果表明Na2MnPO4F/C材料电化学性能优于Na2MnPO4F材料,在0.1C下,Na2MnPO4F/C材料首圈放电比容量为8.71 m Ah/g,而Na2MnPO4F材料首圈放电比容量为1.94 m Ah/g,通过原位热解法进行碳包覆能有效的提高材料的电子电导性,增加容量。     

硅/铜/碳纳米杂化材料制备及锂电性能研究

以纳米硅粉为硅源,乙酸铜为铜纳米粒子前驱体,双官能团甲基丙烯酸酯单体为溶剂和碳源,利用热引发聚合方法,结合高温氩气气氛煅烧,原位可控合成硅/铜/碳纳米杂化材料,并通过后续不同气氛(空气或者空气结合氢气)、不同温度条件下热处理,进一步调控杂化材料中碳基质含量,达到改善单质硅负极材料循环性能、提高杂化材料导电性能的目的。采用粉末衍射(XRD)、能量弥散X射线谱图(EDX)、热重分析实验(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电化学阻抗测试(EIS)以及锂离子电池循环性能测试等方法对杂化材料的结构、结晶、组成、形貌、导电性能以及锂电循环性能进行了较为系统的研究。研究结果表明,单质硅以及单质铜均匀分布在碳基质中;单质铜的形成有效提高了杂化材料的导电性;后期热处理能够进一步调控碳基质含量,从而使得杂化材料初始放电比容量从1156mAh/g提高到1997mAh/g,而循环性能得到一定程度保持。     

原位包覆金属纳米粒子的规模化制备及应用

介绍激光感应复合加热制备金属纳米粒子的方法,以及基于该技术原位制备碳包覆金属纳米粒子和有机物包覆金属纳米粒子,概括了原位包覆金属纳米粒子的应用。根据实际应用条件选择合适的包覆方法和包覆材料,可以极大地提高金属纳米粒子的产品性能和适用性,获得更高的应用价值。     

超临界水热合成法制备磷酸铁锂正极材料的改性研究

利用超临界水热合成法制备了磷酸铁锂(LiFePO_4)纳米颗粒,并通过直接向原料中加入碳源和还原剂考察原位碳包覆和还原效果。结果表明:抗坏血酸和柠檬酸都可有效防止Fe~(2+)的氧化,抗坏血酸的还原效果更优,最佳添加量为5%(wt,质量分数,下同)。多壁碳纳米管具有较好的碳包覆效果,最佳碳包覆量为5%,蔗糖包覆效果较差。将优化条件下添加5%的多壁碳纳米管和抗坏血酸制备的LiFePO_4进行电化学性能测试,在0.1C电流密度下的首次充放电比容量可分别达到134.0和123.0mAh/g,充放电效率为91.79%。     

球形LiFePO4材料碳包覆的研究

主要研究了采用不同碳源和掺碳量包覆对液相共沉淀-碳热还原法制备的球形LiFePO4材料性能的影响.结果表明,采用过量5%葡萄糖作碳源制备的材料在0.1C下,首次放电比容量达到了154.6mAh/g,并且循环性能良好.     

磷酸锰铁锂正极材料的制备和性能

用球磨-热解法制备了锂离子电池碳包覆磷酸锰铁锂正极材料。通过XRD、TEM和电化学测试对材料进行了表征。所制备的材料平均粒径为100nm,碳在材料表面包覆均匀,包覆的碳层厚度约为2～3nm。在650℃下热解制备的LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4正极材料具有最佳的电化学性能,其第一周的可逆容量为153.3mAh/g,经过50周的循环以后,可逆容量保持不变。材料在2.0C恒流放电时,放电容量仍然保持在121mAh/g左右,具有较优的倍率性能。     

TiC@NiO核壳纳米结构的制备及电化学储能性能

以棉纤维为碳源和模板,采用生物模板法成功合成出直径50~200nm、长度几至十几微米的碳化钛纳米线,并通过化学浴沉积法在其表面均匀沉积氧化镍纳米片,所构建的TiC@NiO核壳纳米结构具有良好的超电容性能,制备成超级电容器后在1A/g电流密度下比电容量为560F/g,而类似条件下制备的NiO材料的比电容量仅为193.5F/g,并且TiC@NiO在20A/g电流密度下循环5000次后容量保持率达到83.6%,表现出了良好的循环稳定性。     

核/壳型碳包覆金属纳米胶囊的微波吸收性能

具有核/壳结构的碳包覆金属纳米胶囊由于可调节的成分与结构特征,可以实现微波频段内相互协调的磁损耗和介电损耗特性,从而获得优异的微波吸收性能,近年来受到研究者的广泛关注。碳外壳的包覆不仅改善了纳米材料的物理和化学性质,由此引入的核/壳异质界面还在微观结构上赋予纳米胶囊新的微波吸收机制,建立了合适的电磁匹配。首先介绍了通过直流电弧放电制备碳包覆金属纳米胶囊的方法,简要分析了该方法中纳米胶囊的形成机制。介绍了一些关于碳包覆纳米胶囊的结构设计及其在微波吸收材料方面的应用探索,包括不同核壳尺寸结构的设计、引入异质原子等不同方法对纳米胶囊在微波频段内的介电损耗和磁损耗能力的调控。     

Nano-octopus: a new form of branching carbon nanofiber

A new multibranched octopus-type structure of carbon nanofibers is synthesized from a natural precursor, camphor, by a thermal chemical vapor deposition technique. An alloy of Cu:Ni catalyst is prepared by electrochemically coating nickel on a copper sheet, with nickel sulfate as an electrolyte, and heating that nickel-coated copper sheet to a higher temperature. Deposition of carbon on these substrates leads to the formation of a branched nanostructure in the temperature range of 923 K to 1023 K. The fiber diameter increases from 30 nm to 250 nm with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Detailed morphology and the internal structure of these fibers are studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.     

Effects of copper nanoparticles on the development of zebrafish embryos

The environmental behavior and the potential toxicity of copper nanoparticles (nano-Cu) in water are major concerns for assessing their environmental safety. The present study was undertaken to characterize the properties of nano-Cu in E3 medium, such as size changes, solubility, zeta-potential and pH, and to test the toxicity of nano-Cu suspension to zebrafish embryos. Dynamic light scattering and solubility experiments showed that three components coexisted in the nano-Cu exposure system, including small nano-Cu aggregates still suspended in E3 medium, large nano-Cu aggregates deposited on the container bottom and dissolved copper species (Cu(dis)). Both the zeta-potential of nano-Cu particles in E3 medium and the pH of the nano-Cu suspension showed no change during a 24 hour period. It is found that nano-Cu retarded the hatching of zebrafish embryos and caused morphological malformation of the larvae, and high concentrations (>0.1 mg/L) of nano-Cu even killed the gastrula-stage zebrafish embryos. Cu2+ ions were used to study the toxicity caused by nano-Cu dissolution. The embryo toxicity of nano-Cu at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/L showed no significant difference from Cu2+ at the corresponding concentrations (0.006 and 0.03 mg/L), but 0.1 mg/L nano-Cu had a greater toxicity than 0.06 mg/L Cu2+.     

微胶囊相变材料的制备与特性研究

采用原位聚合法制备以石蜡为芯材、脲醛树脂为壳材的微胶囊相变材料,并通过丝网印刷技术,结合热固性聚氨酯网印粘合剂将微胶囊涂布于棉布上.考察了乳化剂的种类及用量和人工汗液对微胶囊性能的影响,分析了对经MCPCM涂布的棉布布料的热性能.研究结果表明,使用复合乳化剂制备的微胶囊相变材料表面光滑,密封良好.微胶囊相变温度和相变潜热分别为34.10℃和143.8J/g,经过20次热循环后,相变温度和相变潜热都变化不大.微胶囊经人工汗液分别浸渍20min、40min和60min 后,其相变温度和相变潜热无明显变化.微胶囊与网印粘合剂结合的复合材料涂布于棉布上,其相变温度和相变潜热均有降低.     

Electrodeposition of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets onto carbon fibers and properties of their epoxy composites

Exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (xGnP)/copper (Cu) coated carbon fibers were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition under different applied voltages. The electrical and mechanical properties of individual fibers and composites made from these fibers and epoxy resin were investigated. The electrical resistivity of xGnP/Cu coated single carbon fiber is lower than that of the uncoated control sample and decreases with increase in the applied voltage. The xGnP and metallic Cu were simultaneously deposited on the carbon fiber surface as a result of the electrochemical cell configuration. The interfacial shear strength decreases with applied voltage up to 30 V but increases with applied voltage of over 30 V. The interfacial shear strength for the coated samples except the 50 V treated sample is lower than that of control sample. The flexural strength and modulus of xGnP/Cu coated carbon/epoxy composites is higher than those of control sample due to the reinforcing effect of xGnP/Cu coated on the carbon fibers.     

纤维涂层法制备SiCf/Cu复合材料及其性能分析

为研究纤维涂层法制备SiCf/Cu复合材料的性能特点,通过磁控溅射法先后将Ti6Al4V界面改性层和基体Cu涂层涂覆到SiC纤维表面,并通过真空热压法将被涂覆的纤维制备成SiCf/Cu复合材料.对Ti6Al4V涂层、Cu涂层以及复合材料进行了微观分析,并测试了复合材料的拉伸强度.研究表明,复合材料的Cu基体由致密而细小的晶粒组成;Ti6Al4V提高了纤维/基体界面结合强度,复合材料轴向抗拉强度高达500 MPa,界面脱粘主要发生在纤维表面的碳涂层与纤维之间.     

单向碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料热解特性

通过热重实验研究了单向碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料的热解性能,利用FESEM测试分析了单向碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料的热解残留物的形貌特征,得到其热解反应过程的物质参与。研究结果表明,单向碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料的热解反应在空气中分为三个阶段,其中第一、二阶段是环氧树脂基体的热解,第三个阶段是碳纤维的热解。不同形态的单向碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料在不同加热速率下的热解规律：随加热速率的增加,每个阶段的初始分解温度、反应最终温度及最大失重速率温度均向高温方向移动,热解温度范围逐渐扩大,质量损失明显增加。在相同的升温速率下,块状的单向碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料相对于其粉末材料的热解时间较长,每个阶段的热解温度较高。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–2Mg alloy base short steel fiber reinforced composites prepared by vortex method

Fabrication and characterization of cast Al–2Mg alloy matrix composites reinforced with short steel fibers are dealt with in the present study. Three types of steel fiber were used: uncoated, copper coated and nickel coated. All the composites were prepared by the liquid metal route using vortex methods. When tested in tension, all composites exhibited improvement in strength due to high relative strength of steel fibers. The ductility was lowered except for the composite with copper coated fibers. Copper coated fiber reinforced composites gave the highest strength. Higher strength accompanied with appreciable ductility demonstrated by composites with copper coated fibers is attributed to the solid solution and fiber strengthening as well as good bonding at the interface. Composites reinforced with uncoated and Ni coated steel fibers did not exhibit strengthening to the level exhibited with copper coated fibers because brittle intermetallic phases are formed at the interface. These phases promote initiation and facilitate propagation of cracks. The observed fracture mechanism of composites was dimple formation, fiber breakage and pullout of fibers. Fracture surface of uncoated and Ni coated composites showed extensive pull out of fibers as well as fiber breakage confirming the above inference. In case of the copper coated composites dimple formation and coalescence was more extensive. EDX analysis showed a build up Cu, Ni, and Fe at the interface.