The Rho Variant-Du

A simplified test for the D^u factor employing a reagent containing 25 per cent serum albumin, the "stick" technic to introduce cells and forceful cen-trifugation has been given an extensive trial in a routine blood bank operation. A routine preliminary test with anti-D gave 5,051 negative reactions among 26,753 bloods tested. The D^u tube test was then performed on the former with an anti-CDE reagent in parallel with the indirect antiglobulin test done with anti-D. All bloods positive by one or both tests were tested further for D antigens by an anti-D elution technic; they were also tested for Rh-Hr factors.
Among the 126 bloods positive by elution for the D^ufactor, 122 and 126 were positive respectively by the antiglobulin and the D^u tube tests. The two tests were in agreement on all eight of the type ccD^uee bloods found in the study. The D^utube test, as done with anti-CDE, gave no false negative reactions. It is, thus, concluded that bloods which are negative with this test will be type ccddee and can be labeled "Rh negative tested for D^u. Serological factors which might account for sensitivity of the D^u tube test's being the equal of the antiglobulin test are considered, as are the probabilities of the existence of D variants so weak that they could not be detected by either test.     

二甲双胍联合西格列汀治疗老年糖尿病的meta分析

目的 通过系统评价的方式评估二甲双胍联合西格列汀治疗老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)的疗效和安全性。方法 通过检索中文数据库如万方、中国知网、维普数据库以及外文数据库如PubMed、Cochrane library等各个数据库,自建库以来至2023年2月1日期间所发表的二甲双胍联合西格列汀治疗老年T2DM的所有RCT研究,对纳入文献进行偏倚风险评价及 Meta 分析。结果 最终纳入10项研究,共927例患者;试验组均使用二甲双胍联合西格列汀,对照组均使用二甲双胍治疗。纳入的10项研究中,有5项研究进行了安全性评价即不良反应情况;发现二甲双胍联合西格列汀治疗具有良好的安全性。Meta分析的研究结果表明,试验组的空腹血糖、餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白明显低于对照组。结论 西格列汀联合二甲双胍适用于老年糖尿病的治疗,降糖效果好,安全性高。     

陇中损伤胶囊联合骨科机器人辅助下骶髂关节螺钉置入治疗骨盆后环骨折的疗效研究

目的：观察陇中损伤胶囊联合骨科机器人辅助下骶髂关节螺钉置入治疗骨盆后环骨折的疗效研究。方法：对 2021 年1 月至 2022 年 5 月采用外科治疗的 60例骨盆后环骨折病例进行回顾性分析,选取骨盆后环骨折患者60例,随机分为治疗组和对照组。对照组接受骨科机器人辅助下骶髂关节螺钉置入治疗,治疗组在该基础上,配合陇中损伤胶囊口服,1周作为一个疗程,2个疗程后从疼痛、肿胀程度、患者骨折愈合时间与住院时间4个指标评价临床疗效。结果：治疗组骨折愈合时间与住院时间均优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组肿胀程度低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组VAS评分低于对照(P<0.05)。结论：陇中损伤胶囊联合骨科机器人辅助下骶髂关节螺钉置入治疗骨盆后环骨折有很好的临床疗效,值得临床推广应用。     

Comparative Absorption of Ferri-Haemoglobin-59Fe/Ferro-Haemoglobin-59Fe and 59Fe3+/59Fe2+ in Humans with Normal and Depleted Iron Stores*

Abstract. The intestinal ⁵⁹Fe absorption from ferri- and ferro-haemogIobin-⁵⁹Fe and ⁵⁹Fe³⁺ and ⁵⁹Fe⁺ was calculated from whole body-⁵⁹Fe-retention measurements in subjects with normal and depleted iron stores. A ferri-haemoglobin-⁵⁹Fe/ferro-haemoglobin-⁵⁹Fe absorption ratio of 1.03 ±0.11 was observed for the absorption of ferri-haemoglobin-⁵⁹Fe (8.6± 0.77%) and ferro-haemogIobin-⁵⁹Fe (8.7±0.94%) in persons with normal iron stores. Depletion of iron stores caused a slight but significant higher rise of ferri-haemoglobin-⁵⁹Fe absorption (22 ± 1.7%) than the increase of ferro-haemoglobin-⁵⁹Fe absorption (18 ±0.9%) so that the absorption ratio was 1.24±0.073.—This remarkable iron valence independence of haemoglobin iron absorption is in considerable contrast to the well-established valence dependence of inorganic iron absorption which favours ferrous iron absorption especially with rising iron doses. The ⁵⁹Fe³⁺/⁵⁹Fe²⁺ absorption ratio for a diagnostic 0.56 mg Fe dose increased from 0.43 in subjects with normal iron stores to 0.74 in persons with depleted iron stores, whereas this absorption ratio was augmented only from 0.21 to 0.28 for the therapeutic 50 mg Fe-dose.—The different influence of iron valence on iron absorption from inorganic and haemoglobin iron supports other evidence for the existence of two separate mechanisms for ferrous iron and haem iron absorption in humans.     

癌症患者未成年子女心理行为问题的研究进展

随着恶性肿瘤的患病人群越来越年轻化以及晚婚晚孕的大趋势,越来越多的癌症患者不仅需要抗癌还需要照护未成年子女。研究显示,癌症患者未成年子女通常会存在各种生理、心理和行为问题,如焦虑、抑郁、社交恐惧、躯体疼痛、失眠和暴力倾向等,但我国研究者并未重视这一群体。青少年是国家的未来,青少年时期正是性格养成的重要阶段,同样也是心理行为问题出现的高发期。因此,研究癌症患者未成年子女的心理行为问题的成因,并开发符合我国文化背景的理论模型和干预措施至关重要。     

Erythrocyte Li+/Na+ and Na+/H+ exchange, cardiac anatomy and function in insulin-dependent diabetics

It has been proposed that an increased activity of cell membrane Na+/H+ exchange, mirrored by increased erythrocyte Li+/Na+ exchange, may facilitate cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus may develop a specific cardiomyopathy with systolic and diastolic abnormalities and increased thickness of the left ventricle. Therefore, we have investigated the relationships between erythrocyte Li+/Na+ and Na+/H+ exchange and echocardiographic parameters in 31 male insulin-dependent diabetics (aged 17-68), in good metabolic control. Three had untreated mild hypertension. In all patients the urinary albumin excretion rate was less than 200 micrograms min-1. Ten patients had a Li+/Na+ countertransport higher than 0.37 mmol l-1 cell h-1, the upper normal limit for our laboratory (0.49 +/- 0.10, mean +/- SD). In comparison with the patients with normal countertransport, they had increased interventricular septum thickness and relative wall thickness (h/r). End diastolic volume and cardiac index were reduced while blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion rate were similar. In the whole study group, interventricular septum thickness was significantly correlated to Li+/Na+ exchange (r = 0.61, P less than 0.001) and Na+/H+ exchange (r = 0.35, P less than 0.05), independently of the effect of age and blood pressure. Posterior wall thickness was correlated to Li+/Na+ exchange (r = 0.38, P less than 0.05) and h/r to Li+/Na+ exchange (r = 0.41, P less than 0.05) and to Na+/H+ exchange (r = 0.44, P less than 0.05). Li+/Na+ exchange was negatively correlated to cardiac index (r = -0.37, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Further Observations on the Blood Factors RhA, RhB, RhC and RhD

The findings in 18 cases of individuals with Rh_o-positive blood who had antibodies in their serum resembling anti-Rh_o in specificity are briefly summarized. One interesting finding is the relatively high frequency of such individuals among Negroes, especially with the blood type Rh^d_o and Rh^abd_o. The significance of these findings is discussed.     

本科护生职业自我效能与护理非专业技术技能的相关性研究

目的 调查本科护生职业自我效能与护理非专业技术技能的现状,并分析其相关性。方法 于2019年5-6月采用整群抽样法对长沙市4所高校485名本科护生进行问卷调查,调查量表包括：一般资料、职业自我效能问卷、护理非专业技术技能量表。 结果 本组在校本科护生职业自我效能得分为(83.72±12.181)分;护理非专业技术技能得分为(144.00±14.17)分;职业自我效能与护理非专业技术技能呈正相关(r值为0.095～0.603,P＜0.05);多元回归分析显示,专业喜好程度,护理非专业技术技能是本科护生职业自我效能的影响因素,共解释总变异的25.6%(R₂^=0.256,F=28.428,P＜0.00)。结论 本科护生护理非专业技术技能、职业自我效能有待提高,专业喜爱程度和护理非专业技术技能是护生职业自我效能的重要影响因素。医学院校可以通过早期临床实践、开展临床技能进修课程,使用高仿真教学、VR教学、跨专业模拟活动等创新教学活动,提高护生的专业兴趣和护理非专业技术技能,从而提高护生职业自我效能。     

The Expected "Bombay" Groups OhA1 and OhA2

An American family of English extraction is reported in which two Oh ("Bombay") members have transmitted A ₂ genes to their children thus demonstrating that the expression of the gene A ₂, like that of the gene B , can be suppressed in this phenotype. Another American family, of French extraction, shows with a high degree of probability that the expression of the gene A ₁ can be similarly suppressed.     

IgG anti-Jka/Jkb antibodies are unlikely to fix complement

Antibodies in the Kidd blood group system show a great deal of serological variability, are notoriously elusive and hence evoke difficulties in detection. However, they have been regularly reported as causing severe immediate or delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions and this clinical potential has been largely attributed to their complement binding ability.
In initial investigations on 43 anti-Jk^a/Jk^b sera with a range of titres of IgG antibody only a few seemed to fix complement, though following repeated tests on 20 of these sera a further five were shown to bind complement, making a total of 12 (27.9%) showing evidence of complement binding. Twenty-three sera were unavailable for re-testing. Subsequent tests revealed that only those sera which showed direct agglutination or were positive with an anti-IgM reagent in an indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) fixed complement. Evaluations on the IgG fractions of six selected potent anti-Jk^a sera failed to reveal any complement-fixing ability although all the original sera bound complement avidly and contained variable amounts of IgM antibody, some at very low subagglutinating levels.
These findings challenge past perceptions and give cause for reflection on the changing methodologies and strategies which could unduly compromise the detection of these potentially clinically damaging antibodies.     

COPD相关性疲劳的研究进展

疲劳是COPD患者的第二大常见的症状,发生率高,干扰了患者正常的工作生活。本文综述了疲劳的概念和发病机制,以及COPD 患者疲劳症状的诱因和治疗方法,为医务人员加深对疲劳的了解,以采取有效的措施,缓解患者疲劳,提高其生活质量提供参考。     

2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference

OBJECTIVE: In 1991, the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) convened a "Consensus Conference," the goals of which were "to provide a conceptual and a practical framework to define the systemic inflammatory response to infection, which is a progressive injurious process that falls under the generalized term 'sepsis' and includes sepsis-associated organ dysfunction as well." The general definitions introduced as a result of that conference have been widely used in practice and have served as the foundation for inclusion criteria for numerous clinical trials of therapeutic interventions. Nevertheless, there has been an impetus from experts in the field to modify these definitions to reflect our current understanding of the pathophysiology of these syndromes. DESIGN: Several North American and European intensive care societies agreed to revisit the definitions for sepsis and related conditions. This conference was sponsored by the SCCM, The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the Surgical Infection Society (SIS). METHODS: The conference was attended by 29 participants from Europe and North America. In advance of the conference, five subgroups were formed to evaluate the following areas: signs and symptoms of sepsis, cell markers, cytokines, microbiologic data, and coagulation parameters. The subgroups corresponded electronically before the conference and met in person during the conference. A spokesperson for each group presented the deliberation of each group to all conference participants during a plenary session. A writing committee was formed at the conference and developed the current article based on executive summary documents generated by each group and the plenary group presentations. The present article serves as the final report of the 2001 International Sepsis Definitions Conference. CONCLUSION: This document reflects a process whereby a group of experts and opinion leaders revisited the 1992 sepsis guidelines and found that apart from expanding the list of signs and symptoms of sepsis to reflect clinical bedside experience, no evidence exists to support a change to the definitions. This lack of evidence serves to underscore the challenge still present in diagnosing sepsis in 2003 for clinicians and researchers and also provides the basis for introducing PIRO as a hypothesis-generating model for future research.     

Erythrocyte Na+-H+ exchanger and Na+-Li+ countertransport activity in primary aldosteronism

Abstract. Several authors have described increased Na-H exchanger activity in essential hypertension but no data are available in secondary forms of hypertension such as primary aldosteronism. We measured Na-H exchanger kinetics together with Na-Li countertransport V _max in the erythrocytes of eight patients with primary aldosteronism and in 15 normotensive control subjects. Plasma aldosterone, plasma renin and plasma potassium were also evaluated. Na-H exchanger V _max appear to be increased in patients with primary aldosteronism and Hill's n , an index of co-operativity amongst intracellular proton binding sites, was significantly lower in patients than in controls. No statistically significant differences were found between affinity for intracellular protons (K50%) and for Na-Li countertransport V _max between the two groups studied. We were unable to find any correlations between Na-H exchanger V _max and Na-Li countertransport V _max in the two groups considered as a whole. From the present data Na-H exchanger overactivity would not appear to be a specific feature of essential hypertension but seems to be characteristic in patients with primary aldosteronism.     

Understanding Medication Compounding Issues

The potential for contamination of compounded products and the resulting infections are a serious threat to patient safety. Immediate use products are used frequently in the perioperative department, and perioperative nurses should be familiar with the guidelines and practices that aim to reduce the contamination that can occur during the sterile compounding process. Four common themes lead to successful compounding: quality (eg, product identification, purity, stability, compatibility, risk level assessment), the environment (eg, using a segregated compounding area with specialized airflow capabilities, reducing particulate matter, practicing proper hand hygiene, performing gloved fingertip sampling, properly cleaning equipment and work areas), personnel activities (eg, familiarity with types of containers used and how often they can be accessed, following expiration dates and the number of times containers can be accessed), and the control process (eg, process monitoring, quality improvement). If a third-party vendor is contracted to handle compounding for a facility, perioperative personnel should be aware of the responsibilities for the facility and the vendor to ensure a quality compounding program.     

N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid, N-acetyl-α-l-aspartyl-l-glutamic acid and β-citryl-l-glutamic acid in human urine

$\text{N-}\text{Acetyl-}\text{l}\text{-aspartic}$ acid (NA-Asp), $\text{N-}\text{acetyl}\text{-α-}\text{l}\text{-aspartyl-L-glutamic}$ acid (NA-Asp-Glu) and β-citryl-l-glutamic acid (β-CG), which are known to occur in the brain, have been isolated from human urine. Their identities were proved by comparing them with synthetic NA-Asp, NA-Asp-Glu and β-CG using electrophoretic and Chromatographie methods and by acid hydrolysis.A method was developed for the quantitation of NA-Asp, NA-Asp-Glu and β-CG in human urine. It consists of ion-exchange chromatography followed by gas-chromatographic analysis. The amounts of urinary excretion of NA-Asp, NA-Asp-Glu and ν-CG were 41.2 ± 10.1 (n = 27), 20.8 ± 9.6 (n = 27) and 30.2 ± 13.2 (n = 21) μmol/g creatinine in adult males, and 62.2 ±16.3 (n = 27), 24.0 ±8.2 (n = 27) and 40.5 ± 21.1 (n = 24) μmol/g creatinine in adult females, respectively.