手足按摩作用机理及适应证

1 手按摩与足按摩的作用机理 《素问·阴阳应象大论》曰“清阳实四肢”。《灵枢·动输篇》曰:“夫四肢末阴阳之会也,此气之大络也。”《素问·手足阴阳流注论》亦载:“凡人两手足各有三阴脉、三阳脉以合十二经也。”经络标本根结理论也认为,经脉之根始于四末,经脉之本在四肢。以上论述均强调说明了四肢的末端是阳气之根、阴气之本所在,而且与十二正经密切联系。由于位于手足部位的经穴(多为特定穴)在临床治疗中不仅具有近治作用,而且具有治疗循经远端的头面、躯干、脏腑病的远治作用,并可作为疾病的反应点用于协     

试论气化学说

气化学说始于《内经》,《气交变大论》说:“各从其气化也”。“用之升降,不能相无也。”又《五常政大论》亦说:“阳和布化,阴气乃随”。“阴气内化,阳气外荣”。《阴阳应象大论》还说:“阳化气,阴成形。”由此可见,谈气化必谈阴阳。也就是说,谈阴阳,也离不开气化。进而言之,也就是阴阳气化在人体的升降运动,体现在脏腑经络生理活动全过程中,因此气化活动停止了,人之生命也就随之停止了。故《庄子》说:“人之生也,气之聚也,气聚则生,气散则     

《黄帝内经》中“阳气”“阴气”概念之探微

目前一般认为,"阳气""阴气"分别指"具有温煦、推动、兴奋、升发作用的气"和"具有凉润、宁静、抑制、沉降作用的气"。然而笔者在阅读《黄帝内经》(以下简称《内经》)的过程中发现,这样的概念无法完全解释原文。笔者认为《内经》中"阳气""阴气"中之"阳""阴"常取其部位的含义,其中"阳"可泛指体表、阳经、六腑,"阴"可泛指体内、阴经、五脏;"气"因其分布部位的不同而拥有不同名称,"阳气""阴气"分别指代"分布于阳位之气""分布于阴位之气";阳气、阴气相互贯通、互相流动,许多生理现象为阴阳之气正常流动产生,许多疾病的发生亦为阴阳之气分布异常所致,而针灸的治疗机理则为调节阴阳之气的分布。     

"春夏养阳,秋冬养阴"新论

从扶阳理论及内阳外阴的本体结构角度出发,对"春夏养阳,秋冬养阴"的句意及内涵进行新的阐述与探讨.笔者认为,人体阴阳二气中阳气起主导作用,且阴阳二气在人体的结构为阳在内,阴在外.因此,"春夏养阳,秋冬养阴"的深层含义应是春夏之时,要顺自然阳气生长之势,养护人体阳气;秋冬则顺自然阴气收藏之性,调护人体阴气.但笔者认为秋冬调养人体阴气的真正目的 是固藏人体阳气,"藏阳"就是"秋冬养阴"的进一步明确,重视调护阳气才是"春夏养阳,秋冬养阴"之真实含义,也是《内经》重阳思想的反映.     

十二经脉气血流注与五输穴向心性循行方向相悖的探讨

在经络腧穴理论中,十二正经是经络系统的主干,《灵枢·脉度》曰:“经脉为里,支而横者为络,络之别者为孙。”十二正经的循行次疗是依《灵枢·逆顺肥瘦》的:“手之三阴,从藏走手;手之三阳,从手走头;足之三阳,从头走足;足之三阴,从足走腹。”手足经脉依表里经及同名经的顺序依次相传,从而构成气血运行的“阴阳相贯,如环无端”的环路。五输穴则是分布于十二经四肢肘膝关节以下的重要部位,首见于《灵枢·九针十二原》:“五藏五腧,五五二十五腧,六府六腧,六六三十六腧。…所出为井,所溜为荥,所注为输,所行为经,所入为合,二十七气所行,皆在五腧也。…     

从量化阴阳的角度看十二经脉的命名

依据<内经>等文献提供的线索,分析了三阴三阳的来源和各自阴阳的含量,指出阳气由多到少的顺序是阳明、太阳、少阳,阴气由多到少的顺序是太阴、少阴、厥阴的内在含义.根据五(六)脏所处部位确定各自的阴气含量,按照阴气多配多、少配少的原则,五(六)脏与三阴相配.膈以上脏联系手经,膈以下脏联系足经,完成六阴经的命名.六阳经的名称与相表里的阴经对应,阴经联系手(足),阳经亦联系手(足),阴经所属脏的阴气多寡与阳经所属腑的阳气多寡相平衡,以此为原则,完成六阳经的命名.强调十二经脉的命名蕴含有深奥的中医理论问题,特别是中医借阴阳及三阴三阳,说明人体从整体到系统和大体器官水平的生命现象,所揭示的科学原理--"阴阳无限可分性"及其意义,一定能够指导现代生命科学从整体到分子生物水平生命现象的研究.     

论营卫交重

雷公曰：阳气出于卫气，阴气出于营气。阴主死，阳主生，阳气重于阴气，宜卫气重于营气矣。岐伯曰：营卫交重也。雷公曰：请问交重之旨。岐伯曰：宗气积于上焦，营气出于中焦，卫气出于下焦。盖有天，有阳气，有阴气。人禀天地之二气，亦有阴阳，卫气即阳也。由下焦至中焦以升于上焦，从阴出阳也。营气即阴也，由中焦至上焦以降于下焦，从阳入阴也。     

崩漏证治经验

《素问·阴阳别论》说:“阴虚阳搏谓之崩。”高士宗日:“若阳加于阴,阴气内虚,不与阳和,阳气搏击,阳气搏于内,则阴虚阳盛,故谓之崩。崩,血下坠也。”盖阴阳二气是相对平衡的,阴虚可以致阳亢;阴虚是本,阳亢是标,五脏皆有阴虚,五脏皆有阳博,故     

《素问·生气通天论》原文析义四则

一、“凡阴阳之要,阳密乃固”。原文是说,大凡阴阳二者的关键,在于阳气的致密,阳气致密,阴气才能固守。原文在这里着重突出了阳气在阴阳平衡关系中的主导地位。张志聪注云:“盖阳密则邪不外淫,而精不内亡矣。”似此,原文的意义,可从两个方面认识:1.阳气致密则阴气固守,五脏精气充足。反之,“阳强不能密,阴气乃绝”,从而产     

《内经》的阴虚气虚概念及相关的几个问题探析

主要讨论了<内经>中的阴虚、气虚的概念及相关的几个问题.指出<内经>中阴虚的涵义有三:一是与阳气虚相对,是指阴气虚亏及其凉润、宁静等功能减退的病理状态;二是与在外或在上之气的不足相对,是指在内或在下之气的不足;三是与气属阳相对而指精虚.<内经>中的气虚概念,主要有二:一是指人体之气虚亏及其各种功能减退的病理状态,属阴阳二气对等的皆不足;二是指以针刺泻法使气得散的一种状态.目前临床应用的阴虚概念,是指阴气虚而非精虚、血虚或津液亏虚.阴虚与阳虚都是人体之气某一部分的虚亏,阴阳两虚是阴气与阳气不对等的皆虚,它们都属于气虚的范畴.气虚有广义和狭义之分:广义的气虚包括阴虚、阳虚、阴阳两虚等,狭义的气虚是阴阳二气对等的皆不足.气阴两虚与气阳两虚在理论上是悖论,不可再用于临床疾病的病机和证候的表述.     

足阳明胃经为何循行于胸腹部

人体胸腹部属阴,足阳明胃经为三阳中阳气最盛之经,其循行于胸腹部,既可充养阳经,又可固护阴经,有平衡阴阳之意。胃经为阳,冲脉为阴,足阳明胃经循行于胸腹部可能也与平衡冲脉之阴有关。胃的盛衰影响五脏,胃既可以充养人体的气血,又可以调节人体的经脉,足阳明胃经气血旺盛,循行于阴盛的胸腹部,起到调节人体气血经脉的作用,同时也濡养全身经络脏腑的气血。胃虽然为阳土,但其实有母寓之阴,其脉既循行于属阳的区域,又循行于属阴的区域,体现了胃阳中寓阴的特征。足阳明胃经向里循行至胸腹部与太阴相接,使太阴经气得开,衔接了开合枢。足阳明胃经循行于胸腹部,揭示了人体脏腑经络之间阴阳互根,五脏相关,相互联系,相互依存,密不可分的整体关系。     

Professor QIN Liang-fu's Clinical Experience: Using Governor Vessel to Treat Miscellaneous Diseases

Professor QIN attaches great importance to the theory of Governor Vessel and focuses on the regulation of the yang qi in the Governor Vessel. In the early 1960s, he put forward the viewpoint that the Gov ernor Vessel is mainly used to treat such diseases of the limbs as cervical and lumbar retrograde affection,apoplectic sequelae and syringomyelia. In Chinese medicine, the Governor Vessel is considered as the sea and commander of yang meridians, dominating the yang qi throughout the body and connecting the hand and foot yang meridians. Professor QIN applies the theory of Governor Vessel to harmonize yin and yang, qi and blood, ultimately to treat various miscellaneous disorders. Gradually, he gets used to use the Governor Vessel to treat miscellaneous diseases. Clin ical practice has proved that the acupoints of the Governor Vessel have better effects than the local acupoints in the treatment of miscellaneous diseases.His clinical experience is presented as follows.     

从五运六气看六经辨证模式

讨论六经实质,关键在于对“三阴三阳”的理解。三阴三阳表述的是自然界阴阳离合的六种状态。三阴三阳的开、阖、枢,决定了“六经”各自的属性和不同特点。需要用五运六气在不同时空方位阴阳气的状态来理解三阴三阳。从五运六气看六经,以往六经理论中的一些难题,就可以得到较为合理的解释。三阴三阳之间是有序的动态时空变化。三阴三阳辨证,可较好地反映疾病发生时内外环境整体变化的动态时空特征。讲《伤寒论》不能不讲六经辨证,六经辨证绝不可废。     

基于“形神同调”理论浅析手足十二针在中风病治疗中的临床应用

"形神同调"理论源自于《黄帝内经》。中风病乃"形神共病"之疾患,治疗需"形""神"兼顾而并调。针刺可通过激发调控经络腧穴之气以平衡阴阳,调神全形,是"形神同调"法治疗中风病的重要手段。手足十二针为王乐亭先生治疗中风病的代表针灸处方,诸穴相配,既能调节脏腑经络、筋脉肌骨,通调脏腑、和畅气血以治形,又着眼于整体阴阳的和调及精神情志的畅达,燮理阴阳、怡养精神以全神,发挥"形神同调"之功,可促进中风病的恢复,其潜在效应机制可能与针刺促进脑功能重塑及调控神经递质释放有关。     

试论中风后痉挛性瘫痪病机及针灸取穴原则

本文从阴阳失衡、经筋失养、阳气被损、本虚标实等角度分析中风后痉挛性瘫痪的病机,认为针灸治疗该病的取穴应遵从平衡阴阳、经筋刺法、温补阳气、扶正祛邪等原则,以提高临床疗效。     

针刺治疗毒品成瘾临床应用浅析

中医对毒品成瘾的认识早在明清时期已有论述,提出"五脏六腑受瘾说"。针对心瘾,选择手少阴心经及手厥阴心包经,两经主治心胸、神志病等,均有宁心平息、镇静安神的作用,协助患者戒除"心瘾"。毒品成瘾者多瘀或久病气血虚弱,运行不畅,或因正气亏虚,脏腑气机失调,因此在经络选择上,医家认为,针刺多气、多血的经脉,如足太阳膀胱经、足阳明胃经等,能调节患者脏腑盈亏及体内阴阳平衡,使之恢复正常。针刺督脉穴位能保持脏腑阴阳平衡,达到阴平阳秘的治疗效果,也是临床治疗毒品成瘾的常用经络。针刺治疗毒品成瘾常用耳穴有神门、交感、肾、肝、肺、内分泌、皮质下;常用体穴有足三里、三阴交、内关、神门、背俞穴、华佗夹脊穴、百会等。电针的频率和强度是调控神经的重要因素,不同频率能够促进不同中枢神经递质的释放。对于毒品成瘾,高频、低频电针均可减轻戒断症状,低频电针更能减轻精神依赖,促进脑组织功能缺损的恢复,患者对低频电针的接受程度远高于高频电针,故电针治疗毒品成瘾多选取低频电针的刺激强度。     

INTRODUCTION TO “THE COMPLEMENTARY ACUPOINTS”

Complementary acupoints, as a kind of theory of acupoint combinations, are put forward according to the law of the meridians of the body surface.The close relationship between acupoints and meridians is based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory of yin and yang, the meridian and zangfu theory, as well as our own experience.The acupoint combinations are simple, unique, and have curative effect.Less acupoints are involved and the treatment shows highly effect.We put forward "complementary acupoints" based on the following problems.The complementary acupoints refer to the acupoints that are located on the corresponding medial and lateral sides of the limbs or in the front and back parts of the body trunk, adjusting the balance of yin and yang.As for a pair of corresponding points, one is located at the pathway of the yin channel and the otheris located at the pathway of the yang channel.They are yin and yang correspondence, or exterior-interior correspondence in the upper and part of lower limbs.For the location of acupoints, understanding one means knowing two.In operation, point-topoint puncture(inserting one needle on every one-side point) or joined needling two points(inserting one needle, and the relative another point has qi arrival) of two complementary acupoints is created.     

伤寒论评话 第2章 医论皇遑承古今,热病繁泛贯六经——“六经”的由来

目的：为使初学者更好地理解伤寒论原文的含义,探讨《伤寒论》六经的由来。方法：以建筑物内管网作比喻,简要分析与伤寒理论有关的一些概念,比如脏腑、阴阳、经络,同时也指出了伤寒六经的概念及形成的名、名形结合、名形用像结合的三个阶段;指出六经辨证的内涵是对疾病因、性、位、时、量、势六因素的分析,而其外延则是后世中医所有辨证方法的基础。同时也提出了伤寒传变的条件和方式。结果：认为十二条正经是以阴、阳、手、足、脏、腑分别命名而来的,若不分左右和手足就合并为六经。六经传变、六经辨证即依此而来。结论：六经辨证是从《黄帝内经》发展而来,又成为后代八纲辨证、脏腑辨证、三焦辨证等方法的基础。     

Meridians and acupoints with opposite locations

A new combination of acupoints with opposite locations in clinic was proposed according to the running course of meridians and the relation between meridians and acupoints in order to enrich the theory of acupuncture-moxibustion and enhance the therapeutic effect. Points with opposite location refers to bigeminal acupoints locates at the medial and lateral aspects of the limbs or at the anterior or posterior aspects of the trunk, such as Neiguan (PC 6) and Waiguan (TE 5), Quchi (LI 11) and Shaohai (HT 3) as well as Yinlingquan (SP 9) and Yanglingquan (GB 34). Those pairs of points locate respectively at yin meridians and yang meridians with opposite locations or at meridians interiorly and exteriorly related with each other. The application of the combination and the therapeutic effects can be found both in ancient and modern time. Its theoretical foundation rests with the theory of yin-yang and meridians, which takes yin-yang as the core. The characteristics of the combination are as the follows: firstly, it can regulate yin and yang, qi and blood at the same time. Secondly, yin and yang can influence each other; it is easy to locate the other point when one of the pair is located, and it is easy to manipulate by needling two points oppositely at the same time or doing through-and-through needling. The technique is also known with its selection of less point but better effect.     

寒温融合辨证治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎

新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎,corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)临床表现以发热、咳嗽、乏力、头身疼痛、胸闷或呼吸急促、纳差、咽痛、畏寒、腹泻、恶心或呕吐为主,无恶寒,病机与《伤寒论》所述之外感表邪,内热伤津证病机类似,属温病中“温疫”范畴。六经辨证中,COVID-19初期,患者外受温邪,津伤内热,在采用辛散解表药物治疗的同时,配合滋阴清热药物;患者出现恶心、呕吐时,应轻疏表邪,和解少阳;患者出现恶心呕吐、食不下、腹泻等太阴脾虚湿盛证,兼有头身疼痛等太阳表证时,则考虑太阴病里虚夹表证,应以温润脾阳,健脾利湿为治则,根据表里偏重对证施治;患者出现下利、吐、哕,甚至反复发热,并四肢厥冷时,病机为里虚寒热错杂,治宜寒热并用,顾护人体正气。患者出现精神极度衰惫的昏迷状态时,无论寒化证还是热化证,均为六经中最危重的阶段,应扶阳、育阴,寒化证扶阳时宜温补,热化证育阴时宜清里热。卫气营血辨证和三焦辨证中,COVID-19初期为卫分证候,邪在表,在上焦,病位在肺,宜用清疏宣化肺卫之剂;若余邪未及时祛除或病邪直入气分,病位在上焦或中焦,宜用清肺降气化痰、辛开理气利湿之品;气分热盛阶段,在辨脏腑病变同时,结合疾病阶段性需要,给予清热生津养阴、开窍凉血熄风之品;若出现阴竭阳脱的下焦病证,病位在肾,在对症支持治疗同时,给予清热凉血、解毒活血、滋阴育阳类药物。COVID-19早期,结合三阳经证、卫分证、气分证早期及上焦、中焦早期病证进行辨治;COVID-19危重期,结合少阴经证,营血分证及下焦病证进行辨治。