琼东和粤西海表温度锋的季节与年际变化特征分析

以2006—2013年卫星遥感海表温度资料(GHRSST SST)为基础,通过数字图像处理的边缘检测方法提取温度锋面的核心位置,分析了琼东、粤西海域海表温度锋位置及强度的季节变化和年际变化特征,并进一步结合海面高度异常资料和海面风场资料探讨了温度锋变化的可能机制。分析结果表明,琼东、粤西海域温度锋的空间分布及锋面强度存在显著的季节变化,沿岸风应力是影响该海域锋面变化的主要动力因素。夏季温度锋面主要分布于琼东沿岸的东部及南部海域近岸50m到100m等深线之间,而冬季则主要分布在琼东的东部海域和粤西沿岸20m到100m等深线之间,春秋两季为其过渡季节;锋面强度的季节变化表现为冬季最强,春季、夏季次之,秋季最弱,其冬季锋面强度平均值可达到3℃?100km–1,夏季为1.7℃?100km–1;同时,锋面核心位置及强度的分析结果表明,琼东和粤西海域温度锋也存在较强的年际变化。     

东海南部水系分布和季节变化特征

利用中日黑潮联合调查研究期间“实践”号船１９８７年夏、冬季、,１９８８年春、秋季的实测资料对研究海域的水系分布及其季节变化进行了分析研究。研究结果表明：（１）与大陆沿岸水性质相近的Ⅳ类混合水秋、冬季分布在大陆沿岸、春、夏季的范围向外海扩展。（２）黑潮水与陆架混合水的边办位置（称为黑潮水左边界）大致位于１００－２００ｍ等深线之间,并随季节摆动,台湾东北海域,春季黑潮水边界靠达１００ｍ等深线,夏季靠近     

南黄海西北部夏季潮锋的观测和分析

根据2001-2004年逐年6月多学科综合调查资料和同期NASA的MODIS/Terra卫星遥感SST资料,对南黄海西北部夏季潮锋的不连续分布现象做了分析;并通过三维潮流数值模式计算Simpson-Hunter参数(以下简称S-H参数)分布,对不连续分布的形成机制做了讨论.层化季节南黄海西北部的苏北浅滩-海州湾外侧和山东半岛东部的成山头-石岛外海存在显著潮锋现象,而在两海域之间、青岛以东的山东半岛南部121°~122°E的近岸海域无显著潮锋持续存在;较高分辨率的潮流数值模拟的结果表明潮锋的不连续性分布主要是由潮混合和地形的共同作用而形成.潮锋不连续处海域潮混合较弱,层化现象更为显著.南黄海西北部底层锋形态较为显著,位于通过潮流模式计算的Simpson-Hunter参数1.8~2.4之间,与2.2等值线分布较为一致;表层锋则在海州湾外侧和石岛沿岸海域较为明显.潮锋不连续的分布特征对该海域的生态环境造成一定的影响,叶绿素a、中华哲水蚤、鳀鱼卵子等的数量分布都在潮锋显著的苏北浅滩-海州湾外侧和成山头-石岛外海海域形成较为密集的分布.     

2007年春季南黄海中层冷水特征及成因

本文根据2007年南黄海的CTD调查资料,分析了南黄海中层冷水的10个示性特征及其分布特征,指出2007年春季中层冷水主要出现于35°N以北的海域,核心区主要位于50 m等深线附近,中心深度位于25～40 m,宽度约为100 km,厚度为10～25 m,跃变强度为0.04～0.14℃/m。对比分析冬季与夏季温度、盐度及实测海流资料,南黄海春季出现的中层冷水主要是黄海暖流、沿岸冷水以及春季表层升温等过程的综合作用结果。     

黄海近岸锋面的时空变化及其对沉积物输运和沉积的影响

利用2010和2012年黄海海域不同季节的航次观测数据与HYCOM模式再分析数据进行了比对,检验了HYCOM模式的水体温度数据在黄海海域的适用性。据此分析了黄海海域的温度锋面和混合锋面的时空变化。结果显示,温度锋通常在秋季开始出现,在冬季最为发育,在春季逐渐消失;黄海混合锋面与季风活动密切相关,主要在秋季开始出现,在冬季发育。悬浮沉积物基本上集中在温度锋的向岸一侧,难以跨越锋面输运。山东半岛成山头海域的温度锋在形态及空间位置上与泥质沉积区相对应,沉积中心(厚度40m)主要分布在温度锋的西侧,而在其东侧泥质沉积厚度快速减小。研究结果发现,秋冬季节混合锋与温度锋的空间位置并不一致,混合锋位于温度锋的西侧,强烈混合使得沉积物不易沉降,对应泥质沉积厚度小;而在混合锋东侧,悬浮沉积物浓度高且水体层化显著,沉积物易于沉降堆积,与泥质沉积中心对应。混合锋与温度锋的空间分布差异与共同作用可能是该区域泥质沉积体"Ω"形态发育的动力学机制。     

南海北部海域叶绿素a浓度时空特征遥感分析

利用2007-2010年MODIS的L2级叶绿素a浓度产品作为数据基础, 对叶绿素a浓度年平均和月平均数据进行分级分区处理, 研究南海北部海域叶绿素a浓度时空分布特征及其与海洋环境因素的关系。初步研究结果表明:2007-2010年在南海北部海域叶绿素a浓度的高值区(>5.0 mg/m3)主要分布在广东省沿岸河流的入海口, 分布范围在夏季最大, 在春秋次之, 在冬季最小;叶绿素a浓度的次高值区(1.0～5.0 mg/m3)主要分布在海岸线到50 m等深线之间的海域, 分布范围夏冬较大, 能扩展到50 m等深线附近, 而春秋较小, 会退缩到50 m等深线以内;叶绿素a浓度的中值区(0.3～1.0 mg/m3)主要分布在50 m到100 m等深线之间的海域, 时空变化复杂;叶绿素a浓度的低值区(<0.3 mg/m3)主要分布在100 m等深线以外的海域, 其区域平均值夏季最低, 春秋次之, 冬季最高, 同时该区域叶绿素a浓度在春夏秋三季空间分布较均匀, 而冬季受季风和黑潮入侵影响空间分布较为复杂。南海北部海域海表叶绿素a浓度的时空变化特征与季风、沿岸河流、海流、海表温度等海洋环境因素的变化有关。     

利用卫星图像对黄海表层水系的分析

根据1984年2月 - 1987年11月期间卫星遥感磁带资料，利用美国全球SST模式反演海表温图像，对黄海区表温及水系（包括流系、冷水带和海洋锋）的分布特征及其季节变动进行分析，分析结果为：黄海区存在暖水系与沿岸水系，冬季构成西部环流与东部环流。黄海夏季表层东西两侧存在两条南北向的冷水带，在冷水带中出现几个低温中心，其中以辽南低温中心持续时间最长（从4月至12月），黄海区海洋锋有冬季型与夏季型之分。     

春、秋季黄东海海域悬浮体平面分布特征及海流对其分布的影响

利用2003年春季(4月)和秋季(9月)两次对南黄海及东海北部海域II类水体悬浮体质量浓度的调查资料,得到了本海域近期悬浮体的平面分布特征,并分析了海流对本海域悬浮体分布的影响。结果表明,本海域春季悬浮体质量浓度明显高于秋季;受黄海沿岸流、黄海暖流及台湾暖流的影响,春季苏北浅滩悬浮体呈西北-东南舌状向深海运移,秋季悬浮体以苏北浅滩高值区为中心向外海扩散;长江及杭州湾入海泥沙基本都沉降在123o30′E以西的海域内。     

2006年夏季粤东至闽南近岸海域上升流的特征

利用2006年夏季粤东至闽南近岸海域海水的实测温度、盐度资料和海表温度、叶绿素0含量的卫星遥感资料,分析了该海域的上升流现象．结果表明：上升流区水体具有低温、高盐特征,其中心区域位于汕头至东山一带近岸海域．在汕头以西海域,外海深层低温高盐水沿海底地形向岸爬升形成上升流．汕头以东近岸海域的上升流为爬升至惠来近岸的外海水随沿岸流向东北方向运动,并在各地沿海底地形爬升所致．研究海域上升流区的水体属同一来源,均来自汕头西南外海．汕头以东近岸海域的上升流强度大于汕头以西,水温低于23．0℃、盐度高于34．00的外海水仅爬升至汕头以西近岸海表以下25m左右,但可出现在汕头以东近岸10m以浅海域．以研究海域海表温度低于27．5℃的沿岸低温区的面积来反映上升流的强度,通过对海表温度遥感数据的分析可知：7月初至7月中旬和7月28日至8月上旬,低温区域面积较大且较为稳定,上升流强度较大;7月19—27日期间和8月中旬以后,低温区域面积较小或短暂消失,上升流强度较弱．该上升流在2006年7—8月期间经历了强一弱-强．弱的短期变化过程．     

南海北部湾表层悬浮体分布规律

受实测数据海域位置的限制,目前基于遥感手段对北部湾表层悬浮体的研究,在部分海域如海湾西部精度不高,且缺乏对悬浮体浓度(suspended sediment concentration,SSC)季节变化的研究。基于2003—2017年MODIS-Aqua卫星L1B数据,结合海南岛西部、广西沿岸和越南沿岸实测数据,建立表层SSC的反演模型,获得北部湾海域2003—2017年月均表层SSC分布,并对其影响因素进行初步探讨。结果显示:北部湾表层SSC存在3个终年高值区,包括广西沿岸、海南岛西侧和红河三角洲沿岸;受河流输沙和海洋动力季节变化影响,SSC表现为冬季和夏季较高、春季最低的季节变化特征;热带气旋过境导致北部湾海域SSC增高,其中热带风暴"贝碧嘉"过境时位于路径右侧的雷州半岛西部SSC较多年平均值增幅达75%。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究

研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

黄河入海径流对河口海域盐度影响研究

为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明：黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km²,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km²;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。     

The influence of the bottom contour on the deformed state of the ice cover due to the motion of the submarine

The authors have previously determined that the effectiveness and failure pattern of the ice cover caused by flexural-gravity waves generated by a submerged body motion near the bottom ice can greatly depend on the depth of the water area. In its turn, the presence of a ledge on the ice surface may affect a wave propagation pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the bottom contour influence on the deflection and length of flexural-gravity waves. The authors describe a numerical model for the analysis of the deformed state of ice caused by hydrodynamic loads due to a submarine motion, taking into account the bottom contour. The experiments are carried out in the ice tank. The results of calculations and experiments are compared.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.