阳离子卟啉衍生物的体外光动力抗菌活性研究

目的 研究阳离子卟啉衍生物介导的光动力抗菌化学疗法(CPD-PACT)对体外培养的绿脓杆菌的抑制作用,为研究其高效的抗菌作用特点提供依据.方法 采用二倍稀释法考察培养条件对CPD最小抑菌浓度(MIC)的影响,扩散法测定CPD的抑菌圈,活菌计数法测定CPD的体外抗菌后效应,并通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)观察绿脓杆菌的活力和形态变化.结果 细菌接种量对MIC值存在一定的影响;培养基pH值的升高会使化合物的MIC值相应升高;血清蛋白体积分数的增加会使光反应的MIC值升高,而暗反应的MIC值降低.抑菌圈的大小主要取决于激光能量密度的强弱,而受光敏剂浓度的影响较小.CPD对绿脓杆菌有较强的抑制和杀灭作用,且存在明显的抗菌后效应,但光疗结束后存活的细菌会继续增殖.CLSM观察结果表明,CPD-PACT可破坏细菌外膜完整性,使细菌内容物泄露,活力减弱,最终导致细菌死亡.结论 CPD-PACT对绿脓杆菌具有高效的抗菌活性和明显的抗菌后效应,适合作为新一代抗菌候选药物进行深度开发.     

光动力疗法在肿瘤治疗中的应用

对于体积较小,特别是表浅的癌瘤及临床上的隐性癌,光动力疗法（Ｐｈｏｔｏｄｙ－ｎａｍｉｃ Ｔｈｅｒａｐｙ,ＰＤＴ）是一种较为行之有效的治疗方法,近２０年来激光医学工程者们对这一疗法进行了大量的研究。本文试对ＰＤＴ治疗肿瘤所涉及到的激光器、光敏剂及临床应用作一综述。     

基于氨乙酰丙酸(ALA)脂类衍生物的光动力疗法(PDT)

AL A脂类衍生物是目前光动力疗法领域中最活跃的光敏剂前体物 ,它因能够有效地通过外源加入的方式在肿瘤细胞内内源生成进而积聚的原卟啉 (Pp IX)光敏剂而在光动力疗法领域独树一帜。本文将沿着 AL A脂类衍生物的光动力疗法实验过程这一主线而对它的光动力疗法机理及实验研究结果作一综述。主要包括 :细胞对外源 AL A脂类衍生物的摄取及转化为 AL A的生化机制 ;由 AL A生成内源原卟啉 Pp IX的生化机理 ;由 AL A内源生成的光敏剂引起的光致敏过程     

光动力疗法在肿瘤治疗中的应用

对于体积较小,特别是表浅的癌瘤及临床上的隐性癌,光动力疗法（Ｐｈｏｔｏｄｙ－ｎａｍ ｉｃ Ｔｈｅｒａｐｙ,ＰＤＴ）是一种较为行之有效的治疗方法,近２０ 年来激光医学工程者们对这一疗法进行了大量的研究。本文试对ＰＤＴ治疗肿瘤所涉及到的激光器、光敏剂及临床应用作一综述。     

光动力疗法的抗肿瘤机制及光敏剂的研究进展

光动力疗法（PDT）是利用光动力效应对疾病进行诊断与治疗的一种非侵袭性技术,已被用于临床头颈部、乳腺、肺、前列腺及皮肤等部位肿瘤的治疗.与传统治疗方法相比,PDT具有创伤小、毒性低、选择性好、适用范围广及不易产生耐药等优势,因而受到肿瘤治疗领域的广泛关注.PDT的抗肿瘤机制复杂,光敏剂是发挥其光动力学效应的关键因素之一,提高光敏剂的靶向输送和携氧能力是改善光动力疗效的重要途径.对PDT的抗肿瘤机制及光敏剂的研究进展进行综述.     

创伤弧菌感染小鼠抗菌药物的实验治疗

目的 :应用多种抗菌药物对创伤弧菌感染小鼠进行治疗观察。方法 :创伤弧菌 ( 3 .0× 1 0 8cfu/ml)经ip感染小鼠后 0 .5h ,分别应用ip氨基糖甙类 (阿米卡星、奈替米星 )、头孢菌素类 (头孢曲松钠、头孢哌酮钠、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟钠 )、青霉素类 (特美汀、氨苄西林钠、哌拉西林钠 )和喹诺酮类 (培福新、乳酸左旋氧氟沙星 )抗菌药物进行治疗。结果 :这些抗菌药物对创伤弧菌感染的小鼠均有治疗作用 ( p <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 0 1 ) ,乳酸左旋氧氟沙星、哌拉西林钠、头孢哌酮钠、奈替米星疗效最好 ;其次为阿米卡星、头孢曲松钠、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟钠、氨苄西林钠、培福新 ;再次特美汀 ;乳酸左旋氧氟沙星、哌拉西林钠、头孢哌酮钠、奈替米星的疗效明显比培福新、特美汀为好 ( p <0 .0 5 )。治疗组小鼠的死亡时间较对照 2组明显延长 ( p <0 .0 1 )。 结论 :及早足量应用这些抗菌药物对创伤弧菌感染小鼠有较好的治疗效果 ,可为临床治疗该病提供依据。     

光动力疗法在寻常性痤疮治疗中的应用

光动力疗法是结合光敏剂的激光治疗，在寻常性痤疮的治疗中是近年来新兴的疗法。与传统药物治疗相比，光动力疗法具有疗程短、起效快及耐受性好等优点，但仍处于实验阶段，还需进一步研究其机制并加以完善。     

BPD-MA光动力作用诱导兔血管平滑肌细胞凋亡的初步研究

目的：探讨新型光敏剂苯并卟啉衍生物单环酸A（BPD-MA）光动力作用诱导血管平滑肌细胞凋亡及机制。方法：用体外培养的兔血管平滑肌细胞，加浓度0．25mg／ml的光敏剂BPD-MA，经能量密度4．8J／cm^2波长650nm半导体激光照射。免疫组化染色鉴定平滑肌细胞，HE染色观察细胞形态，MTT法测定细胞增殖活性，TUNEL法观察细胞凋亡。结果：在4．8J／cm^2激光能量密度照射下，与空白对照组比较，光动力作用对平滑肌细胞增殖活性有显著地抑制作用（P〈0．01），单纯激光组照射埘平滑肌细胞的增殖则无明显抑制作用（P〉0．05）。BPD-MA光动力作用使光动力组的大多数细胞出现凋亡。结论：凋亡可能是苯并卟啉衍生物单环酸A光动力抑制兔血管平滑肌细胞增殖的关键因素。     

光动力疗法对病毒灭活的实验研究

光动力疗法（photodynamic therapy，PDT）是一种氧分子参与的光敏化反应的治疗方法。除用于恶性肿瘤的治疗外，光动力疗法也用于对病毒的灭活，如已应用于对血液制品中引起传染性疾病的病毒进行灭活，具有很好的效果。更值得关注的是，将光动力疗法用于对在体血液中的病毒进行灭活的实验研究及对其作用机制的研究已取得进展。     

光动力疗法在膀胱癌治疗中的研究进展

光动力疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT)是一种新兴的肿瘤治疗方法。1975年Kelly等首先将PDT用于浅表膀胱癌的治疗,此后经过大量研究,证实PDT是治疗膀胱癌的一种有效的方法,1993年以来,PDT逐渐成为治疗膀胱肿瘤重要的手段,现就PDT治疗浅表膀胱癌的研究现状作一介绍。1光动力疗法     

光动力学疗法和声动力学疗法

目的:通过对肿瘤治疗中光动力学疗法和声动力学疗法的研究现状及研究进展的综述,以期对临床应用或实验研究起到一定的借鉴作用。方法:本文具体阐述了光动力学疗法和声动力学疗法杀伤肿瘤细胞的分子机制以及光敏剂与声敏剂的分类,介绍了两种方法在肿瘤方面的应用及对新的治疗模式的探索,展望了光动力学疗法和声动力学疗法临床应用的巨大潜力。结果:光动力学疗法和声动力学疗法的研究已取得了一定的成果,但在组织内氧含量、新型光敏剂与声敏剂的开发、药物剂量的把握及对声动力学疗法作用机理的研究方面仍存在问题。结论:光动力学疗法和声动力学疗法作为两种新的肿瘤治疗手段,在肿瘤的防治中已展现出良好的应用前景,但在临床实际应用中光动力学疗法还未普及,而声动力学疗法起步较晚,尚处于研究阶段,未应用于临床。     

光动力学疗法治疗癌症

光动力学疗法(photodynamic thempy，PDT)是一种非手术、浸入性极小的治疗方法，其应用分为两个阶段，即首先静脉注射一种光敏剂，然后以冷激光辐照激活药物，进行治疗。     

Effects of Photodynamic Therapy on Tumor Stroma

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment that combines a photosensitizer with light to generate oxygen-dependent photochemical destruction of diseased tissue. This modality has been approved worldwide since 1993 for the treatment of several oncological and nononcological disorders. PDT continues to be interested in both preclinical and clinical research, with more than 500 publications each year during the past 5 years. This minireview focuses on the effects of PDT on tumor stroma. A tumor consists of two fundamental elements: parenchyma (neoplastic cells) and stroma. The stroma is composed of vasculature, cellular components, and intercellular matrix and is necessary for tumor growth. All the stromal components can be targeted by PDT. Although the exact mechanism of PDT is unknown, emerging evidence has indicated that effective PDT of tumor requires destruction of both parenchyma and stroma. Further, damage to subendothelial zone of vasculature, in addition to endothelium, also appears to be a crucial factor. The PDT-generated immune response as a way of vaccination for treatment and prevention of metastatic tumors remains to be exploited.     

Effects of Photodynamic Therapy on Tumor Stroma

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment that combines a photosensitizer with light to generate oxygen-dependent photochemical destruction of diseased tissue. This modality has been approved worldwide since 1993 for the treatment of several oncological and nononcological disorders. PDT continues to be interested in both preclinical and clinical research, with more than 500 publications each year during the past 5 years. This minireview focuses on the effects of PDT on tumor stroma. A tumor consists of two fundamental elements: parenchyma (neoplastic cells) and stroma. The stroma is composed of vasculature, cellular components, and intercellular matrix and is necessary for tumor growth. All the stromal components can be targeted by PDT. Although the exact mechanism of PDT is unknown, emerging evidence has indicated that effective PDT of tumor requires destruction of both parenchyma and stroma. Further, damage to subendothelial zone of vasculature, in addition to endothelium, also appears to be a crucial factor. The PDT-generated immune response as a way of vaccination for treatment and prevention of metastatic tumors remains to be exploited.     

中晚期食管癌光动力治疗联合化疗的回顾性研究

目的比较中晚期食管癌的单纯光动力治疗与光动力＋化疗联合治疗的短期疗效，探讨中晚期食管癌光动力＋化疗的治疗模式的优势。方法回顾性分析我院自2002年至2005年期间光动力治疗及光动力＋化疗治疗的食管癌患者60例（Ⅲ～Ⅳ期），其中单纯光动力治疗27例，光动力＋化疗治疗33例。光动力治疗使用光敏剂Photofrin 2mg／kg，48h后内镜引导下使用波长为630nm的激光照射，综合治疗组化疗方案为5-FU＋DDP，动力治疗后1周开始化疗，共化疗4周期。结果60例病人随访时间全部满2年，综合治疗组和单纯光动力治疗组症状缓解率分别为85．2％、93．9％，内镜评价有效率分别为85．2％、90．9％，无明显差异；2年生存率分别为54．5％、29．6％，综合治疗组中位生存期明显延长（Ⅲ期为22m、13m；Ⅳ期为7m、5m），差异有统计学意义（P=0．046）。结论光动力＋化疗治疗中晚期食管癌优于单纯光动力治疗，短期疗效相当，2年生存期有优势。     

Photodynamic therapy as a new treatment modality for inflammatory and infectious conditions

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently used as a minimally invasive therapeutic modality for cancer. Whereas antitumor treatment regimens require lethal doses of photosensitizer and light, sublethal doses may have immunomodulatory effects, antibacterial action and/or regenerative properties. A growing body of evidence now indicates that non-lethal PDT doses can alleviate inflammation or treat established soft-tissue infections in various murine models of arthritis, experimental encephalomyelitis, inflammatory bowel disease and chronic skin ulcers. Furthermore, PDT is already used in clinical application and clinical trial for the treatment of psoriasis, chronic wounds and periodontitis in humans. Sublethal PDT should be regarded as a new viable option for the treatment of inflammatory conditions.     

Hydroxyaluminium Tetra-3-Phenylthiophthalocyanine is a New Effective Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy and Fluorescent Diagnosis

We studied the possibility of using liposomal forms of hydroxyaluminium tetra-3-phenylthiophthalocyanine as a near infrared band photosensitizer. Experiments on mice with solid Ehrlich tumor and subcutaneously transplanted P-388 leukemia revealed high selectivity of accumulation of the photosensitizer in tumors in comparison with normal tissues and high photodynamic activity of the preparation. This photosensitizer can be used as the basis for creating an effective preparation for photodynamic therapy and fluorescent diagnosis.__________Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 139, No. 4, pp. 420–423, April, 2005     

Comparison of Photodynamic Therapy versus conventional antifungal therapy for the treatment of denture stomatitis: a randomized clinical trial

In this randomized clinical trial, the clinical and mycological efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) was compared with that of topical antifungal therapy for the treatment of denture stomatitis (DS) and the prevalence of Candida species was identified. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups (n = 20 each); in the nystatin (NYT) group patients received topical treatment with nystatin (100 000 IU) four times daily for 15 days and in the PDT group the denture and palate of patients were sprayed with 500 mg/L of Photogem®, and after 30 min of incubation, were illuminated by light emitting-diode light at 455 nm (37.5 and 122 J/cm², respectively) three times a week for 15 days. Mycological cultures taken from dentures and palates and standard photographs of the palates were taken at baseline (day 0), at the end of the treatment (day 15) and at the follow-up time intervals (days 30, 60 and 90). Colonies were quantified (CFU/mL) and identified by biochemical tests. Data were analysed by Fisher's exact test, analysis of variance and Tukey tests and κ test (α = 0.05). Both treatments significantly reduced the CFU/mL at the end of the treatments and on day 30 of the follow-up period (p <0.05). The NYT and PDT groups showed clinical success rates of 53% and 45%, respectively. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species identified. PDT was as effective as topical nystatin in the treatment of DS.     

苯并卟啉衍生物单环酸A光动力作用对血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的：探讨苯并卟啉衍生物单酸环A（BPD—MA）光动力作用对血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响。方法：用不同浓度的光敏剂BPD-MA作用于体外培养的兔血管平滑肌细胞，经波长650nm半导体激光以能量密度1．2J／cm^2、2．4J／cm^2、4．8J／cm^2。照射，MTT法检测细胞增殖抑制率，用PCNA观察细胞增殖。结果：在1．2J／cm^2．2．4J／cm^2,4．8J／cm^2激光照射下，与空白对照组比较，BPD-MA光动力对平滑肌细胞有显著地抑制作用（P〈0．01），单纯激光组照射对平滑肌细胞的增殖无明显抑制作用（P〉0．05）。PCNA检测显示光动力作用抑制细胞增殖。结论：：BPD—MA光动力作用对血管平滑肌细胞增殖有明显抑制作用。     

光动力治疗中激光辐射有效吸收剂量

光动力治疗中激光辐射有效吸收剂量郑蔚谢树森（福建师范大学激光研究所，福州３５０００７）ＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓｔｙｐｉｃａｌｙｕｓｅｒａｄｉａｎｔｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅｏｎｔｈｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅｏｆｔｉｓｕｅｔｏｅｖａｌｕａｔｅｔｈｅｌｉｇｈｔ...