抑郁症的自杀言行

目的探讨住院抑郁症病人自杀言行与病程，起病形式、症状及自杀方式。方法对住院病人进行回顾性研究。结果病程起病形式与症状有密切关系。结论起病急、症状重自杀的可能性大。     

Dopamine release induced by electrical stimulation of microdissected caudate-putamen and substantia nigra of the rat brain

Dopamine release was induced by electrical stimulation of minute samples from rat caudate putamen and substantia nigra (approximately 3 mg of wet tissue). The characteristics of the superfusion chamber and stimulation device are described. The stimulation consisted of rectangular and biphasic pulses at 50 Hz applied for 15 seconds. The apparent threshold to induce measurable release was 2 mA. Supramaximal stimulation was obtained at 8–10 mA. The release from both caudate putamen and substantia nigra was found to be calcium-dependent and tetrodotoxin-sensitive. 4-aminopyridine, an agent known to prolong the duration of action potential, potentiated the electrically-induced release of dopamine from caudate putamen samples. This strongly suggests that the electrically-induced release was evoked by action potentials generated in dopaminergic fibres of the caudate putamen.We conclude that the procedure here described makes it possible to study the release of putative transmitters from individual isolated, microdissected, nuclei from the central nervous system.     

Substance P- and enkephalin-containing neurones in the rat trigeminal system

The immunoreactivity for substance P and Leu-enkephalin in the trigeminal system was studied following stereotaxic electrolytic lesions of the Gasserian ganglion and administration of colchicine in the lateral ventricle and Gasserian ganglion. These studies revealed that the loss of substance P-containing nerve fibres following the sensory denervation is independent of the Leu-enkephalin innervation of the trigeminal spinal nucleus. Conversely, after injection of colchicine into the ganglion, cell bodies containing substance P, but none containing Leu-enkephalin, were revealed. Numerous Leuenkephalin-positive cell bodies were observed in the substantia gelatinosa of the trigeminal spinal nucleus following the intraventricular administration of colchicine. Leu-enkephalin and substance P-positive cell bodies were also detected in the adjacent reticular formation.These observations are discussed in relation to the possible synaptic interactions of these two neuroactive peptides in mechanisms of sensory nociception.     

Lipid and trace metal content in coronary arteries of Nigerian Africans

The lipid composition and trace element contents of coronary arteries in Nigerian Africans have been estimated. Phospholipids increased with age in the male coronary arteries and chromium decreased with age in the males. Significant reduction of arterial copper was observed in both males and females. Comparisons of lipid composition of aortic intima and coronary arteries were also carried out. The possible roles of lipids and trace metals in atherogenesis are discussed.     

Fiber counting and analysis in the diagnosis of asbestos-related disease

Analysis of numbers and types of asbestos fibers present in lung tissue may provide insights into the pathogenesis of asbestos-induced disease, as well as diagnostic information concerning the relationship of a given lesion to asbestos exposure. This type of analysis requires extraction of fibers and asbestos bodies from lung tissue, preferably by means of a digestion-and-concentration technique, and examination with a combination of electron optical techniques, including electron diffraction and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The combination permits definitive identification of asbestos fibers. Asbestos bodies have been shown to contain asbestos no matter what population they are found in, but they appear to be of value in ascertaining unusual exposure only when present in very large numbers. Numbers of asbestos bodies markedly underestimate total numbers of fibers present in lung. In patients from the general population, the mean number of asbestos fibers is about 1 X 10(6)/g dry lung; of this number, more than 80 per cent are fibers of chrysotile less than 5 microns long. Patients in the general population who have pleural plaques have about the same total number of fibers, but their lungs contain about a 50-fold increase in long thin amphibole fibers of commercial origin. Patients who have asbestosis and most patients who have mesothelioma have 100 to 200 X 10(6) fibers/g dry lung; the grade of asbestosis appears to be related to total fiber content. Occasional patients may develop mesotheliomas with much smaller fiber burdens. Both benign and malignant pleural diseases appear to be closely related to the presence of long thin amphibole fibers. Analysis of pulmonary fiber burden suggest that asbestos-related disease is not merely a matter of total numbers of fibers present, but that factors such as fiber type and size are equally important.     

Herpetic tracheobronchitis: immunohistologic demonstration of herpes simplex virus antigen

A patient with no evidence of underlying malignancy or immunosuppression was found to have herpetic tracheobronchitis by bronchial brushing cytologic examination and bronchial biopsy. Herpes simplex type I antigens were localized in infected cells by means of the unlabeled antibody enzyme technique. Occasional cases of herpes simplex viral tracheobronchitis or pneumonitis have been reported in patients with severe burns or with malignancy. This is an unusual finding in otherwise health individuals.     

Human tails and pseudotails

A case of a tail in a 2-week-old infant is reported, and findings from a review of 33 previously reported cases of true tails and pseudotails are summarized. The true, or persistent, vestigial tail of humans arises from the most distal remnant of the embryonic tail. It contains adipose and connective tissue, central bundles of striated muscle, blood vessels, and nerves and is covered by skin. Bone, cartilage, notochord, and spinal cord are lacking. The true tail arises by retention of structures found normally in fetal development. It may be as long as 13 cm, can move and contract, and occurs twice as often in males as in females. A true tail is easily removed surgically, without residual effects. It is rarely familial. Pseudotails are varied lesions having in common a lumbosacral protrusion and a superficial resemblance to persistent vestigial tails. The most frequent cause of a pseudotail in a series of ten cases obtained from the literature was an anomalous prolongation of the coccygeal vertebrae. Additional lesions included two lipomas, and one each of teratoma, chondromegaly , glioma, and a thin, elongated parasitic fetus.     

Water-clear-cell hyperplasia mimicking parathyroid adenoma

The case of a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism in whom water-clear-cell hyperplasia (WCCH) involved only the superior glands, and disproportionately so, is presented. In addition, unlike the cases of WCCH described previously, a rim of normal parathyroid tissue was observed at the periphery of each gland in this case. It is speculated that these findings are not necessarily peculiar, but may reflect an earlier stage of the disease. Such cases may mimic parathyroid adenoma, thereby leading to inadequate surgical therapy.