氰乙基羟乙基苯胺的合成研究

以苯胺，丙烯腈和环氧乙烷为原料，经过氰乙基苯胺合成了氰乙基羟乙基苯胺，对合成工艺条件进行了简单探讨。     

N,N—二乙基苯胺的相转移催化合成

使用一种相转移催化剂可在常压下由苯胺和溴乙烷合成N,N-二乙基苯胺。研究了使用四丁基氯化铵(TBAC)作相转移催化剂制备N,N-二乙基苯胺的最佳条件。     

2,6-二乙基苯胺基乙基丙基醚的合成

以2,6-二乙基苯胺与氯乙基丙基醚为原料,合成了2,6-二乙基苯胺基乙基丙基醚,对反应条件进行优化,确定了最佳工艺条件为：反应时间10h,反应温度170℃,原料配比n（2,6-二乙基苯胺）：n（氯乙基丙基醚）=3：1,碱浓度为40％。在此条件下反应,摩尔收率可达到85．6％。     

N-乙基-N',N'-二甲基-N-苯基乙二胺的合成研究

介绍了N－乙基－N‘,N‘-二甲基－N－苯基乙二胺的合成方法,确定了以N－乙基－N－氯乙基苯胺和二甲胺水溶液为原料合成N－乙基－N‘,N‘-二甲基－N－苯基乙二胺的工艺条件,得到收率97％、纯度98％以上的产品。     

合成N，N—二氰乙基苯胺新工艺

本文报道了一新型双组分催化剂在低温下将苯胺和丙烯腈转化为N,N－二氰乙基苯胺的新工艺,反应转化率达到98％以上,收率高于90％。     

相转移催化合成N,N-二乙基苯胺的研究

用四乙基氯化胺作相转移催化剂可在常压下由苯胺和溴乙烷合成N,N-二乙基苯胺。研究了多种反应因素对目的产物产率的影响,提出了常压下催化合成目的产物的最佳工艺条件。     

N,N-二乙基苯胺的催化合成研究

用苄基三乙基氯化铵作相转移催化剂,在常压下由苯胺和溴乙烷合成了N,N 二乙基苯胺,最佳工艺条件为:反应时间3h,反应温度45℃,催化剂用量1 00g,反应物摩尔比1∶1 75,氢氧化钠质量分数为0 35,氢氧化钠溶液用量35ml,产品产率70 4%。     

相转移催化合成N,N-二乙基苯胺工艺研究

针对目前常压相转移催化法合成N,N-二乙基苯胺工艺中催化剂无法实现分离的问题,开展了非均相固体相转移催化剂催化合成N,N-二乙基苯胺工艺研究。以苯胺、溴乙烷为原料,氢氧化钠作为缚酸剂,在磷钼钒杂多酸季铵盐催化剂催化合成了N,N-二乙基苯胺,实现了固体非均相相转移催化剂的工艺路线,及催化剂的快速分离。利用单因素试验法对N,N-二乙基苯胺合成工艺进行了优化,得到最佳工艺条件为:反应温度为54℃,n(苯胺)∶n(溴乙烷)=1∶2.4,催化剂用量分别为1.6g,反应时间为5.5h,氢氧化钠用量为0.55 mol,氢氧化钠浓度为35%,收率达到82.8%。     

4-乙基-N,N-二氰乙基苯胺催化合成研究

4-乙基苯胺与丙烯腈在AlCl3的催化下发生加成反应合成4-乙基-N,N-二氰乙基苯胺,其合适的反应条件是:AlCl3的用量为4-乙基苯胺质量的30%,反应温度为78~90℃,反应时间为8 h。结果表明:AlCl3对该反应具有很高的催化效率,目标产物收率可达93%。同时对4-乙基-N,N-二氰乙基苯胺的物性和结构进行了表征。     

常压催化合成N—乙基—N—羟乙基苯胺

介绍了Ｎ－乙基苯胺和环氧乙烷常压催化合成Ｎ－乙基Ｎ－羟乙基苯胺新工艺,确定工艺条件为：反应温度１２０￣１３０℃,反应时间６￣８ｈ,摩尔比１：１．２,催化剂用量２％￣５％。     

固体返料气流-流化组合干燥器的湿含量分布

分析了固体返料气流 -流化组合式干燥器出口粒子湿含量分布特性 ,建立了湿含量分布密度函数 ,并就硫酸亚铁的干燥过程进行了模拟计算 结果表明 ,具有降速段的流化床干燥器的优化设计 ,除了应满足干燥过程的热量供求平衡并由此确定流化床底面积外 .还应满足 :①保证湿分传质汽化所需的停留干燥时间 ,应根据干燥所需的平均停留时间来确定流化床容积 ;②控制湿含量的分散程度 ,应由干燥产品的均匀性指标来确定流化床室数 .     

PA6切片萃取动力学研究

分析了PA6切片萃取过程中萃取水温度、萃取浴比、搅拌等对萃取效果的影响,进行了荤取动力学模拟。结果表明:萃取温度是影响萃取效果的主要因素,搅拌对萃取效果的影响不大。动力学参数随着萃取温度的升高而增加;参数值越大,可萃取物的浓度也越大,平衡线斜率随温度呈指数增加。PA6萃取动力学模拟公式和实验数据拟合性好,可通过萃取动力学实验为工业萃取塔的设计提供理论依据。     

Calculation of Residual Thermal Stresses in Injection Molded Amorphous Polymers by the Finite Element Method

Abstract

The finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate the distribution of residual internal stresses in an injection molded plate-shaped polystyrene specimen. The first step of the calculating procedure is the determination of the temperature distributions in the plate and its variation with cooling time. The temperature distribution data are then used for the determination of the corresponding stress distribution. Also this latter step is accomplished using the FEM-technique. The residual stress distribution is obtained when the sample has been cooled to the temperature of the mold. The main result of the calculations is the finding that the surface layer of the plate is subject to compressive stresses, while the interior accommodates stresses of tensile type. The calculations relate to a polystyrene specimen. The results are shown to agree well with earlier data concerning internal stresses in injection molded objects. The possible influence of anisotropy and visco-elastic relaxation has been neglected. The method can be applied to other amorphous polymers and, after a slight modification, also to polymers of semicrystalline type.     

对接型销双向斜抽芯注塑模设计

给出了灯罩注塑模实用结构。该模具型芯由主型芯和副型芯组成，采用将副型芯推出方法实现塑件内侧壁凹槽抽芯，在塑件倾斜通孔处采用对接型销双向分型斜抽芯。既满足制品的成型和抽芯要求，又省去了斜抽芯和水平抽芯机构，模具结构紧凑，脱型可靠，成型塑件质量好。     

Sustained Release of Metoprolol Tartarate from Radiation-Grafted pH-Responsive Hydrogels

pH-responsive hydrogels composed of methacrylic acid (MAA) grafted on poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(vinylpyrrolidone)(PEO-PVP) network were made by electron beam irradiation technique. The grafting was carried out at various concentrations of MAA with different irradiation doses. The gels were characterized by IR, DSC and SEM techniques. The swelling behavior of the gels was studied under different pH conditions. The swelling parameters were evaluated. The mode of water diffusion into the gels was found to be structure-dependent. The pH responsiveness of the gels was evident from the enhanced swelling of the gels with increasing pH of the medium. The suitability of these gels as matrix materials for stimuli-responsive sustained-release drug formulations was studied. The in vitro release profile of an antihypertensive drug, metoprolol tartarate, from these gels was studied at pH 1.2 and 7.4. The extent of drug release is found to be pH-dependent. The data were analyzed to understand the mechanism of drug release from the gels. The gels exhibited diffusion-controlled release behavior. Drug release kinetic analysis indicated “first order” release where the amount of drug released is dependent on the matrix drug load and the value of the diffusion coefficient indicated anomalous diffusion.     

杀螨剂的进展与展望

回顾了农用杀螨剂发展历史,介绍了各个发展阶段的代表性品种及其性能,分析了螨类对现有杀螨剂产生抗性的现状,阐述了近期杀螨剂品种的发展趋势,并展望了未来杀螨剂开发的方向。     

Effects of interphase conditions on the tensile and fatigue properties of short-fiber reinforced rubber

The effects of the amount of nylon-66 short-fiber and its bonding to a chloroprene rubber were studied. The following results were obtained: (a) The tensile strength of short-fiber reinforced rubber (SFRR) exhibits a dilution effect in each interphase. It was found that the interphase conditions have an important effect on the dilution ratio and the critical fiber content. The specimen with double coatings of the bonding agent and a rubber solution, becomes the best of 5 interphase models. Both the yield strength and tensile moduli significantly improve with fiber content. (b) The spring constant (SC) of unreinforced rubber decreases after the fatigue test, however, the SC of all reinforced rubbers increases. The change in SC of reinforced rubber decreases with fiber content. The better the interphase condition, the smaller the change of the SC. (c) The temperature of rubber increases about 2.6 fold after the fatigue test. The reinforced rubbers show a 1.4 to 2.2 fold increase in temperature. The temperature changes during the fatigue test of the reinforced rubbers decrease with increasing fiber content, as well as with improved interphase bonding.     

改性兰炭末对对硝基苯酚的吸附平衡和动力学

采用硝酸改性-高温活化法对废弃的兰炭末进行处理,对改性前后的兰炭末进行了SEM和BET表征,测定了改性后的兰炭末对对硝基苯酚的吸附性能,通过静态吸附实验研究了改性兰炭末对对硝基苯酚的吸附平衡和动力学特征。结果表明,兰炭末经改性后表面粗糙度明显增加,孔道明显增多,总孔容和比表面积分别增加了7.1倍和4.3倍; Langmuir方程可较好地描述对硝基苯酚在改性兰炭末上的吸附平衡,特征分离系数R_L为0~1,为优惠吸附,温度升高有利于吸附的进行;动力学研究表明,对硝基苯酚在改性兰炭末上的吸附过程符合HO准二级动力学模型,颗粒外的液膜扩散是决定吸附速率的控制步骤,吸附过程的表观活化能E_a为9.825kJ/mol。改性兰炭末对对硝基苯酚有较好的吸附能力,328K下平衡吸附量达158.5mg/g,可作为一种廉价、高效的酚类废水处理用吸附剂,有很好的工业化应用前景。     

微乳化柴油制备及其节油率与稳定时间的研究

用烷基苯磺酸钠、失水山梨醇油酸酯和MOA多元复配乳化剂制备了微乳化柴油。此柴油微乳液粒径在60 nm左右,乳液颗粒分布均匀,且实验重复性好。在温度为45℃,搅拌时间为60 min,乳化剂质量分数为4%,水质量分数为15%条件下,对制得的微乳化柴油的十六烷值、闪点、黏度等理化性能指标进行了测定,均满足0#普通柴油国标标准。通过柴油发电机组台架试验,微乳化柴油最高节油率约为7.5%,比纯柴油烟度降低83.1%,NOx排放量比纯柴油降低86.5%。研究了该微乳化柴油的热稳定性,通过微乳化柴油高温稳定时间(80℃)与常温稳定时间之间的近似关系推得其常温稳定时间。此种方法相对于传统测定常温稳定时间的方法而言,可节省大量检测时间。经实验证明,高温稳定时间在30 min以上的柴油微乳液,可以储存1年以上。     

挠性覆铜板用高剥离强度环氧胶的制备及性能

用液体端羧基丁腈橡胶(CTBN)对环氧树脂E-51进行改性,合成了CTBN/E-51预聚物。采用红外光谱、示差扫描量热仪、万能试验机及电子显微镜表征了产物结构,确定了固化工艺,研究了预聚反应温度、时间,CTBN含量对环氧胶剥离强度的影响,并观察了剥离断面的形貌。结果表明,CTBN质量分数为15%,预聚温度为90℃,反应时间2 h所制得环氧胶的剥离强度最高,其粘接强度随预聚时间的增加而增加。该胶可满足挠性覆铜板的生产需要。