地下水水源热泵的水源问题研究

地下水是应用地下水水源热泵的前提。文章简单阐述了地下水温度、流量和水质对水源热泵运行效率的影响。介绍了水处理技术和回灌技术，探讨了工程中应注意“热短路”问题。     

Green hydroelectrical energy source based on water dissociation by nanoporous ferrite

Dissociation of water molecule occurs on octahedrally coordinated unsaturated suface cations and oxygen vacancies created by lithium substitution in magnesium ferrite. Lower synthesis temperature of ferrite has generated nanopores in microstructure. Dissociated hydronium and hydroxyl ions are transported through surface and capillary diffusion in porous ferrite network towards attached Zn and Ag electrodes. Water molecule dissociation ability of nanoporous ferrite has been exploited to develop a green electrical energy cell, which is a combination of material science and electrode chemistry. The innovated cell has been nomenclatured as hydroelectric cell (HEC). When HEC is partially dipped in deionized water, spontaneously hydroxide and hydronium ions are produced by water molecule dissociation. Hydronium ions trapped in nanopores develop enough electric field that further dissociates physisorbed water molecules. Thereby, the process of water molecule dissociation is accelerated in a bigger way to increase ionic current in the cell. Oxidation of Zn electrode by hydroxide ion and reduction of H₃O⁺ at Ag electrode develop voltage and electric current in the cell. The HEC cell of a 17 cm² area is able to generate a short circuit current of 82 mA and 920 mV emf with a maximum output power of 74 mW, which is three order higher than reported output power 1.4 μW/cm² produced by water in cement matrix. Hydroelectric cell performance is repetitive, stable and possesses potential to replace traditional ways of generating renewable energy in terms of cost and safety. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于相变储能的太阳能空气源热泵系统的研究

针对由天气变化导致太阳能利用不稳定和寒冷地区热泵性能低的问题,文章介绍了一种基于相变储能的太阳能空气源热泵系统,该系统能够根据气象情况灵活切换4种供暖模式,大大减少了系统耗电量。文章通过独特设计的储能冷凝器,不仅可以调节太阳能空气源热泵系统能量分配,改善太阳能空气源热泵系统制热量和建筑热负荷之间不平衡的供需关系、提高太阳能利用率,还可以提高空气源热泵低温性能,快速恢复供暖,从而实现提高太阳能空气源热泵系统整体性能的目的。文章以石家庄农村某户为研究对象进行研究,研究结果表明,太阳能空气源热泵系统供暖效果较好,太阳能空气源热泵系统COP最大值为5.19,节能环保效益十分明显。     

Magnesium hydride based hydrogen chemical source: Development and application perspectives

In this paper, we studied the process of hydrolysis of magnesium hydride with water vapor and considered the possibility of creating a chemical source of hydrogen based on this process. To study the hydrolysis reaction of magnesium hydride powder at temperatures above 100 °C, an experimental setup with a quartz tube — a reactor 300 mm long — was designed. The mass and volume of a single powder load in a quartz reactor was 65 g and 130 ± 2 cm³, respectively. The length of the powder zone along the axis of the reactor was approximately 10 cm.Based on the data obtained during the experiment, it can be distinguished that the length of the reaction zone is greatest at the beginning and at the end of the hydrolysis process and is approximately 5–6 cm. In the middle of the hydrolysis process, for the time interval from 3000 to 5000 s, the reaction zone is the smallest - about 4–5 cm. The proposed design of the hydrolysis reactor and the experimental setup also made it possible to study the peculiarities of the hydrolysis of magnesium hydride powder with water vapor; magnesium, the composition of the reaction products and the controllability of the generation of a stream of hydrogen.     

黄浦江水温变化规律与江水源热泵节能潜力研究

以全年连续实测的黄浦江水温、空气干球温度及湿球温度数据为依据,探讨以黄浦江江水为排热汇或吸热源的江水源热泵系统的节能潜力。     

U型波纹埋管对于增强土壤源热泵换热性能的研究

为了增强土壤源热泵系统地下埋管换热器的换热性能,通过CFD方法,探讨改用波纹管对地下换热所产生的影响,首次提出采用波纹管代替光管作为强化地下埋管换热器换热效率。     

Thermodynamic analysis for high-power electricity generation systems based on closed-Brayton-cycle with finite cold source on hypersonic vehicles

Electricity generation by means of closed-Brayton-cycle (CBC) systems on hypersonic vehicles is strictly limited by the finite cold source, namely the onboard fuel. The influences of finite cold source on electricity generation, and the performance comparison among the CBC systems with different fuels, are worth investigating. In this article, the main factors and their effects on the electric power of CBC systems with finite cold source are analyzed. A simple recuperated CBC model has been established to evaluate the performances of power generation. Results indicate that the available temperature zones of cold source have great influence on the efficiency and power of CBC systems. The cryogenic fuels have greater potential of power generation than the hydrocarbon fuels at normal temperature, because of the advantages on the thermal efficiency (45% vs. 27%), effective enthalpy difference (5.67 MJ/kg vs. 1.06 MJ/kg) and effectiveness of primary cooler (～0.9 vs. ～0.85). Specifically, a higher electric power fraction (9.46%) can be achieved by the CBC system cooled by liquid hydrogen than kerosene (2.61%). This research provides the performance boundaries of onboard closed power generation systems in the view of finite cold source.     

微粉对低水泥耐火浇注料性能的影响

以高铝矾土熟料为主要试验原料,研究了硅微粉和-Al2O3微粉对低水泥浇注料体积密度、显气孔率、抗折强度和耐压强度等性能的影响,并确定了两种微粉在低水泥浇注料中的最佳掺量。     

Optimization study on a solar-assisted air source heat pump system with energy storage based on the economics method

Currently, hybrid renewable energy systems with thermal energy storage have various advantages and are widely used. This paper investigated the performance of a solar-assisted air source heat pump system with energy storage (SASHPS-ES) in Beijing, China, and proposed an optimal operation mode based on economic evaluation. The results indicate that with the optimal heat storage ratio of 50%, the rated capacity of the air source heat pump (ASHP) of the SASHPS-ES system can be reduced by 16.7%, decreasing its annual total cost by 26.5% under a peak-valley electricity price policy. The price of 620¥/m² is critical for the solar collectors. The economics of SASHPS-ES is better than that of an air source heat pump system with energy storage (ASHPS-ES) when the price of the selected solar collector units is less than this critical price (without subsidies from the government). In the current local market, the promotion of SASHPS-ES systems and other solar energy applications requires government subsidies for a period of time. The results can guide the utilization and popularity of SASHPS-ES in China.     

晶闸管中频电源在电磁铸造领域的应用

本文介绍了晶闸管中频电源装置在电磁铸造工艺上的应用情况，以及感应线圈电流、频率、电压和功率等电参数的选择方法。     

Potential of ground heat source systems

This paper presents a historical background of ground source heat pump technology, followed by a review of its current shortcomings. Based on these observations the author assesses the R&D needs and recommendations for future research.     

Fuzzy multi-objective technique combined with VCS algorithm for unified power quality conditioner based on hybrid power source PEMFC/SC

This paper is proposed to establish an optimal control method for UPQC (Unified Power Quality Conditioner) to improve power quality and manage effectively equal power sharing between shunt and series inverter of UPQC under electrical faults condition. The UPQC is modeled to protect sensitive load from source side voltage disturbances under nonlinear load conditions. A hybrid power generator that integrates a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as the main energy source and a super capacitor (SC) as secondary source is proposed to feed the FACT device. In this work, a new control strategy is presented for considering the voltage sag, power factor and total harmonic distortion (THD) as multi-objective of UPQC controller. For this purpose, a new powerful algorithm named virus colony search (VCS) is used for determining the coefficients of the PI controller of UPQC. By using the fuzzification process for the objectives function, a suitable fitness function is established for the optimization method. From the simulations, it can be seen that the results obtained by the proposed algorithm are best and attractive compared to other method. Consequently, the proposed strategy is effective and outstrips other strategies.     

溶液除湿的地源热泵毛细管顶板空调系统

提出了一种基于溶液除湿的地源热泵毛细管顶板复合空调系统。该系统采用了溶液除湿承担潜热负荷,地源热泵制取的高温冷水承担显热负荷的方式,达到了节省高品位电能、减轻大气污染、减少运行费用的效果,与传统的空调系统相比具有节能、环保、高舒适性的特点。     

Supercapacitors based on conducting polymers/nanotubes composites

Three types of electrically conducting polymers (ECPs), i.e. polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy) and poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) have been tested as supercapacitor electrode materials in the form of composites with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The energy storage in such a type of composite combines an electrostatic attraction as well as quick faradaic processes called pseudo-capacitance. It has been shown that carbon nanotubes play the role of a perfect backbone for a homogenous distribution of ECP in the composite. It is well known that pure conducting polymers are mechanically weak, hence, the carbon nanotubes preserve the ECP active material from mechanical changes (shrinkage and breaking) during long cycling. Apart of excellent conducting and mechanical properties, the presence of nanotubes improves also the charge transfer that enables a high charge/discharge rate. For an optimal use of ECPs in electrochemical capacitors, a special electrode composition with ca. 20 wt.% of CNTs and a careful selection of the potential range is necessary. The capacitance values ranging from 100 to 330 F g⁻¹ could be reached for different asymmetric configurations with a capacitor voltage from 0.6 to 1.8 V. It is also noteworthy that such a type of ECP/CNTs composite does not need any binding substance that is an important practical advantage.     

地热空调的研究现状及应用前景

阐述了地热空调系统的结构原理与分类,着重介绍了地热空调技术在国内的研究现状,并分析了有关该系统的一些技术问题,认为其应用前景是广阔的。     

氮源和无机盐对酵母菌发酵酒精浓度的影响

在ypd培养基条件下,研究了尿素这种氮源对酒精发酵的影响,发现其对酵母菌发酵生成酒精的最佳浓度值为9.6g/L.并对5种发酵无机盐硫酸镁、硫酸锌、氯化镁、氯化铁、磷酸二氢钾的浓度与发酵酒精浓度之间的关系进行研究,初步找到了该株酵母所需无机盐的临界值,分别是硫酸镁为4.8g/L,磷酸二氢钾为4.8g/L,氯化镁为4.8g/L.添加硫酸锌、氯化铁的两组实验得到的乙醇产量明显比其他组要低,此酵母菌发酵随浓度的增大乙醇产量降低,由此推断硫酸锌、氯化铁对此种酵母菌发酵有着制约作用.     

Assessment of power and hydrogen production performance of an integrated system based on middle-grade geothermal source and solar energy

In this study, power and hydrogen production performance of an integrated system is investigated. The system consists of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC), parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSCs) having a surface area of 545 m², middle-grade geothermal source (MGGS), cooling tower and proton exchange membrane (PEM). The final product of this system is hydrogen that produced via PEM. For this purpose, the fluid temperature of the geothermal source is upgraded by the solar collectors to drive the ORC. To improve the electricity generation efficiency, four working fluids namely n-butane, n-pentane, n-hexane, and cyclohexane are tried in the ORC. The mass flow rate of each working fluid is set as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 kg/s and calculations are made for 16 different situations (four types of working fluids and four different mass flow rates for each). As a result, n-butane with a mass flow rate of 0.4 kg/s is found to be the best option. The average electricity generation is 66.02 kW between the hours of 11⁰⁰-13⁰⁰. The total hydrogen production is 9807.1 g for a day. The energy and exergy efficiency is calculated to be 5.85% and 8.27%, respectively.     

含内热源可燃性多孔介质中的传热研究

煤粉、弹药等含内热源的可燃性多孔介质传热过程在自然界和工程中广泛存在。文中分析了可燃多孔介质的热传递机理，建立了相应的导热计算模型，给出了典型物种在内热源作用下的内部温度场。     

两种汽源应用于烟草企业生产的经济性分析

对烟草企业应用自备燃煤锅炉和热力中心两种汽源的相关经济指标及各自的优势和不足进行了分析,并对蒸汽品质提出了相关的要求。通过分析,提出了烟草企业应用热力中心汽源时应注意的事项。     

空气源-地板辐射采暖系统的应用研究

对地板辐射采暖系统在南方采用空气源热泵作为热源的优势进行了分析;并对设计选型及应用中该注意的问题进行了说明.最后,从长远角度探讨了该系统的发展前景.