An ant colony optimization based routing algorithm for extending network lifetime in wireless sensor networks

Reducing the energy consumption of network nodes is one of the most important problems for routing in wireless sensor networks because of the battery limitation in each sensor. This paper presents a new ant colony optimization based routing algorithm that uses special parameters in its competency function for reducing energy consumption of network nodes. In this new proposed algorithm called life time aware routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks (LTAWSN), a new pheromone update operator was designed to integrate energy consumption and hops into routing choice. Finally, with the results of the multiple simulations we were able to show that LTAWSN, in comparison with the previous ant colony based routing algorithm, energy aware ant colony routing algorithms for the routing of wireless sensor networks, ant colony optimization-based location-aware routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks and traditional ant colony algorithm, increase the efficiency of the system, obtains more balanced transmission among the nodes and reduce the energy consumption of the routing and extends the network lifetime.     

一种基于蚁群优化的分簇路由算法

在无线传感器网络路由协议的研究中,能量高效是其首要设计目标.传统LEACH协议产生簇头数目比较随机,并且簇头直接与基站通信导致能量消耗过快.在分析传统和改进LEACH路由协议的基础上,提出了一种簇头数目固定的簇头选择机制,解决了簇头分布不均匀的问题.并且将蚁群优化算法应用到无线传感器网络的路径选择中,利用蚁群的动态适应性和寻优能力,在簇头与基站之间形成一条最优路径进行通信.在Matlab平台下对新提出的算法进行仿真测试实验,实验结果表明,相对于LEACH路由协议,该算法降低了平均能量消耗,延长了网络的生命周期.     

基于蚁群优化的高性能拥塞控制路由机制

为了有效地解决偏远地理区域通信网络存在的网络拥塞严重、数据成功传输率低、数据冗余率高以及网络整体性能不佳等问题,通过考虑网络节点运动区域性特点,基于蚁群优化机制,设计出一种新型的容延容断网络 (DTN) 拥塞控制路由优化算法。该算法结合蚁群优化机制中的信息素因子,在同一对源、目的网络节点之间进行多次数据信息传输操作。在数据信息传输方向上,获取各个网络节点的中转跳数平均值,评估各个网络节点的中转价值;参考蚁群优化机制中的启发值因子,将网络节点的中转价值与剩余存储容量相关联,构成网络节点作为中转节点的评定参数,选取评定参数最大的网络节点完成其中转任务。实验表明：该算法有效控制了网络拥塞,提高了数据成功传输率,降低了数据信息冗余率,使网络整体性能得到进一步优化。     

融合QPSO思想的多行为蚁群算法在QoS路由问题上的应用

在解决QoS(quality of service)单播路由问题上,针对蚁群算法缺点,提出了一种融合量子粒子群算法(QP-SO)思想的多行为蚁群算法.该算法采用QPSO作为前期搜索,根据各粒子历史最优值来初始化路径信息素浓度,后期利用多行为蚁群算法来优化路径.仿真结果表明:该算法寻优能力强,可靠性高,是解决QoS路由问题的有效方法.     

A Tabu search based routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks

In this paper, a Tabu search based routing algorithm is proposed to efficiently determine an optimal path from a source to a destination in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). There have been several methods proposed for routing algorithms in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, the Tabu search method is exploited for routing in WSNs from a new point of view. In this algorithm (TSRA), a new move and neighborhood search method is designed to integrate energy consumption and hop counts into routing choice. The proposed algorithm is compared with some of the ant colony optimization based routing algorithms, such as traditional ant colony algorithm, ant colony optimization-based location-aware routing for wireless sensor networks, and energy and path aware ant colony algorithm for routing of wireless sensor networks, in term of routing cost, energy consumption and network lifetime. Simulation results, for various random generated networks, demonstrate that the TSRA, obtains more balanced transmission among the node, reduces the energy consumption and cost of the routing, and extends the network lifetime.     

车载自组织网中基于蚁群算法的延迟感知路由协议

针对城市道路环境下车载自组织网( VANETs)中通信性能下降以及数据传输失败的问题,提出了一种基于蚁群算法的延迟感知路由( ACDR)协议。首先,建立双向车道的数学延迟模型;然后,根据提出的端点十字路口( EI)的概念,ACDR利用蚁群优化( ACO)寻找最佳路线,其中前向蚂蚁根据本地路段延迟以及当前十字路口与目的节点的端点十字路口之间的全局时延来选择路径,后向蚂蚁则负责在返回路径时更新信息素,同时,相邻十字路口之间利用贪婪转发算法进行数据包的传递。最后仿真比较了ACDR协议与连通性感知路由( CAR)协议的性能,结果表明提出的ACDR协议的数据包的传输延迟小,丢包率低,通信性能好。     

蚁群算法在求解TSP问题中的改进研究

针对蚁群算法在求解大规模优化问题时存在的3个缺点：消耗时间长、蚂蚁在下次搜索时目标导向不强导致搜索随机性大、寻优路径上的信息素过度增强导致得到假的最优解。本文提出了基于边缘初始化和自适应全局信息素的改进蚁群算法。在相同参数下,其搜索时间大大缩短,并且得到了更好的最优解。将其应用到旅行商（TSP）问题中,和基本蚁群算法、遗传算法相比较,其具有以下优点：较好的搜索最优解的能力;对新解不会过早的终止;探索新解的能力进一步增强。因此,改进的蚁群算法在求解TSP等组合优化问题时非常有效。     

Discovering the backbone network with a novel designed ant colony algorithm

Forthe problem that in interactive network,the illegal and abnormal behaviors were becoming more hidden,moreover,the complex relation in real interactive network heightens the difficulty of detecting anomalous entities,an ant colony model was proposed for extracting the backbone network from the complex interactive network.The novel model simulated the relationships among entities based on the theory of path optimization,reduced the network size after quantifying the significance of each flow of information.Firstly,a strategy of initial location selection was proposed taking advantage of network centrality.Secondly,a novel path transfer mechanism was devised for the ant colony to fit the flow behavior of entities.Finally,an adaptive and dynamic pheromone update mechanism was designed for guiding the optimization of information flows.The experimental results show that the proposed model is superior to the traditional ant colony algorithm in both solving quality and solving performance,and has better coverage and accuracy than the greedy algorithm.     

一种基于计算智能的组播路由算法

在通信网络中,多约束组播通信是提高网络运行效率和服务质量的重要途径。一些启发式的算法已经被用来解决多约束条件下的组播路由问题,如模拟退火算法,遗传算法,蚁群算法和粒子群优化算法等。然而,这些算法在求解多约束组播路由问题时存在收敛速度低和计算复杂度高的问题。萤火虫群优化(GSO)算法是一种近期在计算智能领域出现的卓越算法,它可以在一定程度上解决多约束组播树生成过程中收敛速度低和计算复杂度高的问题。提出了一种基于GSO的多约束组播树生成算法(GSO-MCM)。该算法可有效生成满足多约束要求的组播路由树。仿真结果表明提出的GSO-MCM算法在求解和收敛速度,以及网络规模适应性方面均有良好的性能。     

基于蚁群优化的无线多媒体传感器网络区分服务路由

无线多媒体传感器网络中存在多种类型的数据,而且这些数据的服务质量需求并不相同。针对这种情况,提出一种基于蚁群优化的区分服务路由协议（DSACO, differentiated service and ant colony optimization based routing protocol）。DSACO在网络分层的基础上通过限制蚂蚁的搜索范围以减少建立路由的时间和能量消耗,对不同服务质量需求的数据采用区分服务路由以满足不同类型数据的服务质量需求。仿真结果表明,新协议能够为多媒体数据的传输提供更好的QoS保障,在数据传输的平均时延、分组丢失率和能量消耗上优于已有路由协议。     

HOPNET: A hybrid ant colony optimization routing algorithm for mobile ad hoc network

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a group of mobile nodes which communicates with each other without any supporting infrastructure. Routing in MANET is extremely challenging because of MANETs dynamic features, its limited bandwidth and power energy. Nature-inspired algorithms (swarm intelligence) such as ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms have shown to be a good technique for developing routing algorithms for MANETs. Swarm intelligence is a computational intelligence technique that involves collective behavior of autonomous agents that locally interact with each other in a distributed environment to solve a given problem in the hope of finding a global solution to the problem. In this paper, we propose a hybrid routing algorithm for MANETs based on ACO and zone routing framework of bordercasting. The algorithm, HOPNET, based on ants hopping from one zone to the next, consists of the local proactive route discovery within a node’s neighborhood and reactive communication between the neighborhoods. The algorithm has features extracted from ZRP and DSR protocols and is simulated on GlomoSim and is compared to AODV routing protocol. The algorithm is also compared to the well known hybrid routing algorithm, AntHocNet, which is not based on zone routing framework. Results indicate that HOPNET is highly scalable for large networks compared to AntHocNet. The results also indicate that the selection of the zone radius has considerable impact on the delivery packet ratio and HOPNET performs significantly better than AntHocNet for high and low mobility. The algorithm has been compared to random way point model and random drunken model and the results show the efficiency and inefficiency of bordercasting. Finally, HOPNET is compared to ZRP and the strength of nature-inspired algorithm is shown.     

一种基于排序蚁群算法的无线Mesh多径路由协议

无线Mesh网络因其较好的鲁棒性、可覆盖区域广、低成本、接入便利等优点,在临时布置通信网络逐渐得到了重用,在无线通信技术中扮演着越来越重要的角色。针对无线Mesh网络的特点,提出一种基于改进蚁群算法的多径路由协议Fortified Ant协议。与传统的蚁群算法路由协议相比,该协议对蚁群算法进行改进,在蚁群算法基础上加入排序算法,同时在该协议中加入多径传输,在主路由失效时马上启用备份路由,保证信息传输的时效性和可靠性。实验结果表明,与ADOV、DSR和ACO路由算法相比,该算法能迅速发现质量较优的多条路径,具有收敛快、开销少等优势。     

基于蚁群的无线电源管理网络路由算法

蚁群算法(Ant Colony Algorithm,ACA)是一种新型的基于群体的仿生算法。采用蚁群算法实现了对无线电源管理网络的路由优化,为远程设备管理提供了新的解决思路。对原始蚁群算法进行了改进,提出了一种多蚁群的优化算法。基于蚁群算法及其并行搜索最优的特征,通过蚁群聚类和动态调整网络优化参数的方法,可作为一种面向无线电源管理网络的路由算法,经过仿真验证了该算法的有效性。     

求解约束满足问题的改进蚁群优化算法

为了克服传统的回溯算法在求解大型的约束满足问题时效率低,难以在合理的时间内求解这一问题。提出了基于启发式搜索的不完备性算法。结合不同算法特性,主要在蚁群优化元启发式约束求解算法的基础上提出了改进：一是在搜索之前用弧相容检查进行预处理以压缩搜索空间,二是提出了一种新的蚁群算法参数设置方案,提高算法的适应性。最后将改进后的算法应用于求解随机问题和组合优化问题。实验结果表明,改进后的算法求解效率得到大幅度提高。     

基于改进蚁群算法的可信服务发现

针对非结构化P2P网络中的服务发现问题,提出了一种基于改进蚁群算法的可信服务发现方法。该方法在传统蚁群算法基础上应用若干新的策略控制蚁群的行为,如动态蚁群策略、子蚂蚁策略、服务节点的信誉评估策略以及蚂蚁的恶意节点惩罚策略等, 高信誉服务节点在蚂蚁的推荐下进行邻居更换和自组织。 这些策略和方法为蚁群算法在分布式环境下服务发现的应用研究提供了一种新思路。实验结果表明, 本算法在各种常见复杂网络环境下仍可保证较高的可信服务查准率和更高的综合服务发现效率, 通过对实验数据的分析和解释得到了若干有益的结论,为进一步的研究工作奠定了基础。     

An improved distance‐based ant colony optimization routing for vehicular ad hoc networks

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has earned tremendous attraction in the recent period due to its usage in a wireless intelligent transportation system. VANET is a unique form of mobile ad hoc network (MANET). Routing issues such as high mobility of nodes, frequent path breaks, the blind broadcasting of messages, and bandwidth constraints in VANET increase communication cost, frequent path failure, and overhead and decrease efficiency in routing, and shortest path in routing provides solutions to overcome all these problems. Finding the shortest path between source and destination in the VANET road scenario is a challenging task. Long path increases network overhead, communication cost, and frequent path failure and decreases routing efficiency. To increase efficiency in routing a novel, improved distance‐based ant colony optimization routing (IDBACOR) is proposed. The proposed IDBACOR determines intervehicular distance, and it is triggered by modified ant colony optimization (modified ACO). The modified ACO method is a metaheuristic approach, motivated by the natural behavior of ants. The simulation result indicates that the overall performance of our proposed scheme is better than ant colony optimization (ACO), opposition‐based ant colony optimization (OACO), and greedy routing with ant colony optimization (GRACO) in terms of throughput, average communication cost, average propagation delay, average routing overhead, and average packet delivery ratio.     

Routing Technology in Wireless Sensor Network Based on Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

With rapid development of wireless communication, sensor, micro power system and electronic technology, the research on wireless sensor network has attracted more and more attention. The work proposed routing algorithm in wireless sensor network based on ant colony optimization by analyzing routing protocol and utilizing advanced idea. Ant colony optimization algorithm has advantages in implementing local work, supporting multiple paths and integrating link quality into pheromone formation. In routing selection, the work calculated probability that node is selected as the next hop according to pheromone concentration on the path. With characteristics including self-organization, dynamic and multipath, ant colony optimization algorithm is suitable for routing in wireless sensor network. With low routing cost, good adaptability and multipath, the algorithm balanced energy consumption to prolong network lifetime. In terms of simulation and experiments, ant colony algorithm was proved to be suitable for finding optimal routing in wireless sensor network, thus achieving design goal of routing algorithm.     

优化蚁群算法在网络知识路由系统中的应用

研究网络知识路由问题,提高网络资源搜索质量。针对传统方法在网络资源搜索过程中,存在搜索时间长,得不到最优解,导致搜索速度慢,效率低的问题。为了提高网络资源搜索效率,提出一种基于改进蚁群的路径搜索算法,在混合信息素更新策略,自适应挥发因子等方面进行改进,并设置了先行蚂蚁和后行蚂蚁。该方法有效地避免了蚁群搜索陷入局部最优,加快了收敛,提高了搜索效率。仿真结果表明,改进方法缩短了搜索时间,网络资源搜索效率明显提高,证明是一种有效的优化方法,能够在最短时间找到资源搜索的最优解,是解决网络资源搜索优化问题的有效算法。     

Analysis,design and simulation of Internet of Things routing algorithm based on ant colony optimization

In this paper, a routing algorithm to optimize the selection of the best path for the transmitted data within the Internet of Things (IoT) system is proposed. The algorithm controls the use of ant colony ideas in the IoT system to obtain the best routing benefit. It divides the IoT environment into categorized areas depending on network types. Then, it applies the most suitable ant colony algorithm to the concerned network within each area. Furthermore, the algorithm considers routing problem in intersected areas that may arise in case of IoT system. Finally, Network Simulator 2 is used to evaluate the proposed algorithm performance. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed routing algorithm in terms of end‐to‐end delay, packet loss ratio, bandwidth consumption, throughput, overhead of control bits, and energy consumption ratio. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于蚁群算法的有时间窗车辆调度问题的研究

有时间窗的车辆调度问题（vSPITw）是一个复杂的非线性组合优化问题，一般运用分阶段方法求解。现将蚁群算法应用于车辆调度问题，设计动态确定车辆数和随机搜索路径的新方法，实现车辆数和路径长度的同时优化，并对蚁群算法的信息素更新规则进行了改进，以优化其搜索能力和加快收敛速度。同时给出了算法的实现过程，通过对实例求解，取得了满意的结果。