精神科护士职业压力源与自我控制的相关报告

目的:了解精神科护士职业压力源和自我控制的特点,并探索两者之间的关系。方法:选取89名精神科护士和67名非精神科的普通内科病房护士,均接受护士职业压力源与自我控制量表调查,比较两组研究对象的差异,并对研究组职业压力源和自我控制程度进行皮尔逊积差相关分析。结果:1研究组职业压力源调查,结果显示,排在前5项的压力源分别是:工作环境差、工资及其他福利待遇、病人不合作、担心工作中出现差错事故、工作量太大;2在工作环境及资源、病人护理、管理及人际关系维度上,精神科护士的职业压力要高于非精神科的普通内科病房护士,差异具有统计学意义(t=6.684,3.409,4.441;P0.05或0.01)。护理专业与工作、工作量及时间分配维度比较,差异未见统计学意义(t=1.282,0.090;P均0.05);3与非精神科的普通内科病房护士相比,精神科更善于自我控制,差异具有统计学意义(t=6.324,P0.05);4精神科护士职业压力源不同维度均与自我控制程度存在一定的相关,其中,管理及人际关系与自我控制呈显著性正相关(r=0.222,P0.05)。结论:与普通内科病房护士相比,精神科护士的压力更大,自我控制更强,有必要对精神科护士的心理压力予以关注。     

精神科护士的职业倦怠与职业压力

目的 探讨精神科护士职业倦怠水平及与职业压力的关系.方法 采用Maslach工作倦怠量表—人类服务版和中国护士工作压力源量表对河北省精神病医院的107名护士进行调查.结果 精神科护士存在较高程度的职业倦怠;精神科护士职业倦怠各维度及总分与职业压力各维度间存在不同程度的相关(r=0.184～0.428,P＜0.05);倦怠水平不同的精神科护士在管理及人际关系方面存在显著差异(t=-4.460,P＜0.01).结论 精神科护士职业倦怠较高,并受管理及人际关方面的压力影响.     

精神科专科医院护士工作场所暴力经历与工作倦怠和自悯的关系

<正>工作场所暴力是护士时常面对的消极事件~([1])。相比综合科医院护士,精神科专科医院护士遭受工作场所暴力的频率和风险更高~([2])。既往研究表明,工作场所暴力会加剧护士的工作倦怠~([3-4])。自悯是指个体在面对失败、不足或遭受苦难时,自己向自己表达怜悯或同情的能力~([5])。研究发现,自悯能帮助个体应对负性生活事件,缓冲它们带来的消极影响~([6])。高自悯水平的个体在面对自己的遭遇时,较少采用自我批判、反刍、思维抑制、逃避等消极应对方式~([7])。同时,提     

精神科护士焦虑状况及压力源对照研究

目的了解精神科护士的焦虑状况及职业压力源,为精神科护理管理者提供科学的理论依据。方法应用焦虑自评量表、护士工作压力源量表,同时对精神病专科医院护士与综合医院护士进行评定,并作对照研究。结果精神病专科医院护士焦虑问题比较严重,焦虑总分均值明显高于综合医院护士,存在显著差异(t=41.12、37.06;P0.01);在护理工作压力源的5个方面,精神病专科医院护士的压力源主要表现在护理专业及工作、管理及人际关系和病人护理三方面,与综合医院护士比较也有显著差异(t=2.441、2.727;P0.05和P0.01)。结论精神科护士在人群中工作压力较大,普遍存在焦虑情绪,管理者对此应予以关注。加强护士的行为心理管理,协助护士正确认识和舒缓工作压力,可以保证护理工作健康、有序发展。     

急诊科护士的心理应激反应与工作场所暴力、社会认可的关系

目的:调查急诊科护士的心理应激反应与工作场所暴力、社会认可等因素的关系。方法:调查北京市8家三级甲等医院和1家二级甲等医院急诊科护士,获得有效问卷444份。用事件影响量表-修订版(IES-R)测量创伤事件的心理应激反应,用社会认可量表(SAQ)测量受害者感受到的社会认可程度,用自编攻击事件发生状况调查表测量医院攻击事件发生的频率、种类、冲突来源以及一般人口学资料等。结果:在444名急诊科护士中,1年内遭受过语言伤害、躯体冲突、特定威胁和性骚扰事件的发生率分别为96.8%、43.2%、32.0%、4.3%。方差分析显示,遭遇3种攻击事件的急诊科护士的IES-R得分高于遭受1种攻击事件和遭受2种攻击事件的护士[(22.0±16.1)vs.(15.4±15.6),(18.1±16.1),均P0.01];遭受4种攻击类型的护士的IES总分高于遭受1种攻击事件和遭受2种攻击事件的护士[(33.4±17.1)vs.(15.4±15.6),(18.1±16.1),均P0.01]。多重线性回归分析显示,SAQ的一般性排斥分量表和家庭排斥分量表和攻击类型的得分对IES-R总分有正向预测作用(β=0.13~0.40,均P0.05,adjust R2=0.27)。结论:急诊科护士遭遇工作场所攻击事件的发生率较高。攻击类型、家庭和社会的排斥可以预测急诊科护士遭受攻击事件后发生创伤后应激反应的严重程度。     

精神科护士对工作场所未来暴力的恐惧与心身症状的关系

目的:探讨精神科护士恐惧未来工作场所暴力与心身症状的关系。方法:采用分层整群抽样选取742例护士,采用一般资料问卷、恐惧未来工作场所暴力量表、广泛性焦虑量表、病人健康问卷中的抑郁模块、亚健康状态躯体症状自评量表分别评估精神科护士一般情况、恐惧未来工作场所暴力情况、焦虑症状、抑郁症状与亚健康躯体症状。使用Pearson卡方检验和独立样本t检验比较恐惧未来工作场所暴力阳性组与阴性组的基线特征;倾向性评分匹配后,进行二元logistic回归,探讨恐惧未来暴力与心身症状间关系。结果:对工作场所未来暴力的恐惧阳性率为27%,612例进行匹配(阳性组：186例;阴性组：426例)。FFVW得分阳性与精神科护士GAD-7得分阳性(OR=1.03,95%CI:1.01～1.05)、PHQ-9得分阳性(OR=1.04,95%CI:1.02～1.06)]、SC-SS-Q得分阳性正向关联(OR=1.04,95%CI:1.02～1.05)。结论:恐惧未来工作场所暴力与精神科护士发生心身症状的风险增高有关。     

护士职场心理暴力经历与共情能力关系的倾向性得分匹配分析

目的:探讨护士遭受工作场所心理暴力与共情能力的关系。方法:选取山东省4家三级甲等医院的护士1954名，经过倾向性得分匹配后，1202名(601对)护士被纳入分析。采用自编一般资料问卷、工作场所心理暴力行为量表(WPVB)及杰弗逊共情量表(JSE-HP)进行调查，WPVB总条目平均分≥1分为心理暴力阳性。结果:护士工作场所心理暴力阳性检出率为31.3%,倾向性得分匹配后护士的JSE-HP得分为(104.4±19.2);阳性组护士的共情能力及各维度得分均低于阴性组(均P<0.05)。线性回归结果显示，工作场所心理暴力与JSE-HP总分及各维度得分负向关联(β=-0.37、-0.15、-0.36、-0.37)。结论:护士遭受的工作场所心理暴力与共情能力关系密切，遭受工作场所心理暴力程度越高共情能力越低。     

精神科三班倒护士与非三班倒护士生活质量比较研究

目的 调查精神科三班倒护士的工作压力状况及对生活质量的影响.方法 选择77名精神科三班倒护士作为研究组,73名非三班倒护士作为对照组.对其工作压力和相关情况及生活质量进行调查,比较两组护士工作压力的程度及生活质量的状况,探索影响三班倒护士工作压力及生活质量的因素.结果 研究组护士在护士工作压力量表的5个压力源维度中,护...     

精神科新入职护士职业认同与职业压力、应对方式的关系

目的:探讨精神科新入职护士职业压力及应对方式对职业认同的影响,为进一步提高新入职护士职业认同水平提供科学依据。方法:采用方便抽样的方式选择上海市各级精神专科医院2017、2018两年6-8月入职的所有新护士,采用一般资料问卷、新进护理人员工作压力量表、职业认同评定量表以及特质应对方式问卷进行调查。结果:新入职护士职业认同总体处于中等水平,以职业认知评价维度条目均分最低(3.24±0.82);新入职护士急救护理方面压力最为突出,条目均分为(2.76±0.89);积极应对方式护士占82%,消极及中性应对方式护士占18%;多元逐步回归结果显示,积极应对方式(t=7.63,P0.001)、女性(t=3.19,P0.01)对新入职护士职业认同具有显著正向预测作用;常规护理压力(t=-3.47,P0.01)对职业认同具有显著负向预测作用。结论:护理管理者可通过重点干预男性及消极应对方式的新入职护士,同时有效降低新入职护士整体在常规护理方面的压力,从而提高他们的职业认同水平,稳定精神科护理队伍。     

能级循环培训对精神科护士自我效能感的影响

目的探讨对精神科护士实施能级循环培训的方法及效果。方法运用提高自我效能感途径的方法,对本院98名精神科护士进行为期1年的能级循环培训,于培训前后用一般自我效能感量表和护士压力源量表进行评分比较。结果精神科护士培训后护士压力源量表各方面评分均低于培训前,自我效能感平均得分高于培训前,培训前后比较差异有显著统计学意义(t=2.53~9.93,P0.05或0.01)。结论能级循环培训能够减轻精神科护士的工作压力,提高精神科护士的自我效能感,从而提高工作能力。     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.     

Seasonal variations in acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Slovenia

Between December 1999 and December 2004, 40 081 pregnant women were examined for toxoplasmosis with Toxo-IgG, Toxo-IgM enzyme immunoassay. Women with positive results were then retested with the Toxo-IgG avidity assay for recent toxoplasmosis. Recent acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.01) during winter than summer. The incidence of acute toxoplasmosis during winter-spring was also significantly more frequent (p < 0.025) than summer-autumn. This phenomenon should be taken into account when formulating preventive measures for toxoplasmosis, especially for pregnant women.     

Age-related changes in polyamines in memory-associated brain structures in rats

Polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic amines and have important roles in maintaining normal cellular function, regulating neurotransmitter receptors and modulating learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests a role of putrescine in hippocampal neurogenesis, that is significantly impaired during aging. The present study measured the polyamine levels in memory-related brain structures in 24- (aged), 12- (middle-aged) and 4- (young) month-old rats using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. In the hippocampus, the putrescine levels were significantly decreased in the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and increased in the CA2/3 with age. Significant age-related increases in the spermidine levels were found in the CA1 and CA2/3. There was no difference between groups in spermine in any sub-regions examined. In the parahippocampal region, increased putrescine level with age was observed in the entorhinal cortex, and age did not alter the spermidine levels. The spermine level was significantly decreased in the perirhinal cortex and increased in the postrhinal cortex with age. In the prefrontal cortex, there was age-related decrease in putrescine, and the spermidine and spermine levels were significantly increased with age. This study, for the first time, demonstrates age-related region-specific changes in polyamines in memory-associated structures, suggesting that polyamine system dysfunction may potentially contribute to aged-related impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory.     

休克过程中肾上腺髓质素变化的研究进展

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a new peptidergic regulator of vascular function. AM serves as a hormone, which has many biological properties, plays an important role in the many pathophysiological processes, especially shock. This review will highlight the structure, biological properties of AM and the relationship between AM and shock.     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Uteroglobin in the developing rabbit conceptus in vivo and in vitro

Summary Uteroglobin (UGL) was measured in day- 4 to day-10 rabbit conceptuses by a competitive ELISA. Levels in blastocyst fluid, tissues, coverings and in the early fetus were determined separately. The total amount of UGL increased from 18.4 ng to 6.8 g per conceptus. The UGL content of individual day-6 blastocysts was studied in vitro. Culturing was carried out up to 60 h in Ham's F10 medium with polyvinylpyrrolidone as macromolecular component, with and without progesterone, and with progesterone plus estradiol. UGL was determined in the blastocyst fluids, tissues with coverings and in the culture media. After labelling with [³⁵S]-methionine, protein patterns of total blastocysts and of culture media were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The morphology of cultured blastocysts was examined by electron microscopy. During 60 h of culture, the blastocysts expanded in diameter by 84%, and released 19% of their initial UGL content into the medium, independent of the hormonal substitution. Neither de novo synthesis, nor degradation of UGL was found: the protein remained unlabelled in fluorography, and its total quantity was not significantly different from that of non-cultured controls. Trophoblast, endoderm and embryoblast cells showed well preserved cell organelles and intercellular junctions, while the morphological differentiation of the germ layer was inhibited.