HIV疫苗研究进展

自从1983年发现人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)以来,HIV一直以惊人的速度在全球蔓延,感染HIV的人数也日益增多。到目前为止,因患艾滋病死亡的人数已达到2500万,到2010年这一数字可能会突破8000万,因此研究预防和治疗艾滋病的药物也正日益迫切地摆在人们面     

制定国家计划攻克艾滋病疫苗

最近,中国科学院生命科学和医学学部向国务院提交了由曾毅等院士和专家完成的《关于我国艾滋病疫苗研发策略的建议》的咨询报告,该报告指出,当前我国艾滋病流行已出现通过性传播迅速上升的新情况,至2005年12月底,我国累计报告HIV感染人数已超过14万,估计全国存活HIV／AIDS总数在     

北京地区部分人类免疫缺陷病毒基因型分析

我国于1985年发现第1例ADS患者,据估计到2001年底我国艾滋病病毒(Humanimmunodeficiency viruses,HIV)感染者和患者累计数已达84万人,而且我国艾滋病的传播呈快速增长的态势,2001年报告艾滋病病毒感染数较上年增长了58%.HIV主要通过静脉吸毒、输血或使用血液制品以及不良性行为传播.     

HIV诊断试剂的发展与使用策略

人类免疫缺陷病毒是导致艾滋病的病原,艾滋病在全球迅速传播,艾滋病防治的需要促使HIV诊断试剂不断发展。20年来HIV诊断试剂的敏感性不断提高,窗口期逐渐缩短,并且HIV诊断试剂的品种日益丰富。本文就HIV诊断试剂的品种及发展情况作一综述。     

亚洲各国艾滋病疫苗简介

获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immunodeficiencysy ndrome,AIDS),即"艾滋病",是一种致死率极高的全球传染性疾病,尚无有效的治愈方法。目前,亚洲已成为世界第二大艾滋病高发区。对经济并不发达的亚洲地区来说,研发艾滋病疫苗,对于预防人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV),即"艾滋病病毒"的传播具有重要的战略意义。本文对中国、泰国、印度、日本和澳大利亚的艾滋病疫苗研发和临床试验进行了分析和总结,并分析了亚洲开发艾滋病疫苗的前景及应对策略。     

HIV-1中和抗体疫苗研究进展

由于HIV具有与其它微生物极为不同的生物学特点,HIV疫苗的研究面临着前所未有的困难和挑战。20多年来,艾滋病疫苗研究主要采用了诱发中和抗体为主或细胞免疫为主两种策略,然而至今尚无实质性突破。诱发有效中和抗体一直是传统疫苗研发的重要策略,但HIV的高变异、多亚型等特点,使该策略在HIV疫苗研发中的应用成效甚微。近年来,一些具有广谱中和活性的HIV单抗的发现及其相应抗原表位的阐明,给HIV中和抗体疫苗的研究带来了新的希望。综合分析与评述这些进展,对于重新思考艾滋病疫苗和采用更好的策略进行艾滋病疫苗研究会衣纸帮助。     

HIV中和抗体疫苗研究进展

由于HIV具有与其它微生物极为不同的生物学特点,HIV疫苗的研究面临着前所未有的困难和挑战。二十多年来,艾滋病疫苗研究主要采用了诱发中和抗体为主或细胞免疫为主两种策略,然而至今尚无实质性突破。诱发有效中和抗体一直是传统疫苗研发的重要策略,但HIV的高变异、多亚型等特点,使该策略在HIV疫苗研发中的应用成效甚微。近年来,一些具有广谱中和活性的HIV单抗的发现及其相应抗原表位的阐明,给HIV中和抗体疫苗的研究带来了新的希望。综合分析与评述这些进展,对于重新思考艾滋病疫苗和采用更好的策略进行艾滋病疫苗研究会有所帮助。     

国际科研项目找到抗艾滋病病毒基因

从1981年起,全球有6500万人感染了艾滋病病毒,2500万人已经为此付出了生命代价。目前,全世界仍有4000万患有艾滋病或感染艾滋病病毒（HIV）者。HIV属于一种逆转录病毒,它感染人类免疫细胞,并扰乱它的正常功能。经过一段长短不一的成熟期（从10-15年不等）,发展成传染性疾病——艾滋病。如果服用抗逆转录病毒药物,可将成熟期延长。在潜伏期,人体的免疫系统被削弱,感染HIV的人会导致机会性发炎。     

日本企业积极开发抗HIV药剂对新一代抗体和疫苗寄予希望

设在日内瓦的联合国艾滋病规划署(UNAIDS) 发布了"GLOBALREPORT UNAIDS Report on the globalAIDS epidemic 2010",2010 年世界艾滋病流行情况报告总结了因感染人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)而引发的获得性免疫缺陷综合征(艾滋病)的流行现状和人类面临的课题.     

HIV基因结构及其疫苗研究

艾滋病（acquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome,AIDS）危及全世界,成为本世纪难以治疗的病毒病。病原体是反转录病毒科的人免疫缺陷病毒（humal。immunodeficiencyvirus,HIV）。AIDS又叫获得性免疫缺陷综合症,是由于机体感染HIV后造成细胞免疫缺陷,抗感染能力下降,以致伴有机会感染、恶性肿瘤及神经障碍等症候群的统称。HIV感染到AIDS发病为止,大约需5～15年。这期间大致经过四个过程。无症状带毒者（aspoptomaticcarrier,AC）、持续性全身淋巴结肿（persistentgeneralliedlpophodenopathy,PGL）、AIDS相关症候群（AIDS…     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细